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LTP is what creates memory and they shocked mice to create a reaction to a sound, then when they inserted a gene that removed LTP after being exposed to blue light after it was activated the mice stopped giving the desired fear response leading us to believe that LTP is the basis for memory

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when experimenting on rats, it was found that the animals which got eight hours of sleep were able to perform better than the animals which didn't get any sleep, proving that adequate sleep helps the brain learn new things and perform them better.

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Using a high pitched sound followed by an electric shock over and over again installs fear within the animal. After many trials of this, overtime when hearing the sound the animals will freeze up in anticipation of the sound.

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in this article they did a couple of experiments where they saw how light affected the snapses connections and how it could strengthen it. it also associated light with a sense of fear and was able to reverse those by shocking them after the light turned on.

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For new memories to form, it is necessary to alter the synaptic connection. When this happens, new dendrites are created and added to the spinal cord which enhances motor skills.

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All dendrocytes are responsible for learning, and they decrease in effectiveness as you get older. There are connections between defects in myelin sheaths and several psychiatric diseases

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Non-neuronal cells are required for new learning and motor skills. Oligodendrocytes is an example of these types of cells and they are key and necessary for learning because they form myelin which overall creates new neurons.

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In this article, studies showed that sleep helps with keeping memories. Learning new information creates more dendrites and these are more likely to stay in the spine if sleep occurs after learning the new skill.

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special dendrocytes allow for people to learn new things, do them well, and increase plasticity. as we age the production of the dendrocytes decreases.

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Oligodendrocytes, a non-neuronal cell type, are needed for learning new motor functions because they are responsible for myelinating axons, which increase the speed at which electrical impulses move in neural processes.

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By injecting Channelrhodopsin (light sensitive protein) and with different patterns of light pulses, scientists were able to turn on and off a fear which was associated with the high frequency pulses activating the amygdala (fear center) neurons. When they did change the pattern of the pulses, the rats forgot about the fear that came with the light pulses from before.

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Long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a way in which the brain changes in response to experience was proven to be the cellular basis of memory formation. Researchers tested this by injecting a light-sensitive protein into the amygdala part of rats brains to teach them to fear. This fear was a shock administered whenever a pulse of laser light was activated. When examining the brains of the rats, the light pulses successfully induced LTP in the amygdala.

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This article was about memory formation involving the strengthening of synapses. Most scientists have assumed that LTP is required in it's part of creating fearful memories but it was not backed up for any data for awhile. It was then tested and found that rats quickly learn to recognize the stimulus with shock. They then were able to reverse the stimulus so the rat was no longer scared of the pulses.

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The big question was, does sleep affect memory? Mice were experimented on their ability to run on a rod. Mice were sleep deprived and seen if they did better after 8 hours. mice that did sleep for 8 hours did much better than mice that did not sleep.

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mice were made to run on a rotating rod and then when mice were sleep deprived they memory recall was lessened and they were worse at running on the wheel compared to the mice that slept which ran much more efficiently

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In rats that sleep well their previously learned abilities are enhanced, while rats that were sleep-deprived have worsened abilities.

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Memory, abilities and skill will be strengthened as the dendritic spines staying power and produced in the sleep, and nervous connection increased after sleep.

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As a person increases in age, their dendrites begin to break down and process information slower than when an individual is young.

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When you are sleeping, more dendrites are formed. These dendrites then are located in the spinal cord and it helps with recollecting memories. So overall, getting more sleep will help with how well you can remember certain memories.

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long-term potentiation (LTP) would create fearful memories of events which didn't happen, and having a repeated action of an actions such as playing sounds or showing lights followed by a shock, would create fear with the light or sounds alone. this could be reversed with long term depression (LTD) to erase the memory.

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A high pitched sound was followed by a shock to mice and that process over and over installs fear into the mice, so when they hear that sound the mice would know what was happening next so they anticipated and were ready for the shock to follow

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LTP is the basis of memory. Scientists wanted to test this so they injected a virus into the rats brain that was triggered by blue light. The researchers played a tone that would then be followed by a shock. Soon the rats would hear the tone and freeze getting prepared to be shocked. To erase this memory they got rid of LTP with LTD (long term depression) this would make the rats no longer scared after hearing the tone. Long story short LTP is a main role in memory and can be erased with LTD.

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Dendrocytes help with learning new skills. Connections help to form myelin which then helps to create new neurons and. As we learn more information out plasticity increases.

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The studies demonstrated that LTP is needed for developing memory, and found that their experiments were able to instill fear in mice with light by shocking them when they turned the light on

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this article talks about the myelin sheath and how it connects to non-neuronal cell learning. cells need to have motor functions and they need to learn how to do them so the cells create myelin to learn motor functions.

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Using bright lights, scientist tested how electric waves in the mice's brain affected memories of fear in the hippocampus.

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Oligodendrocytes are an example of non-neuronal cells. They are responsible for learning and are important because they form new myelin. As we age the production of the dendrocytes decrease.

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When rats get more sleep, they are able to have better memory compared to when they get less sleep. They experimented on rats getting more sleep and some that did not get as much sleep. The dendrites were able to stay in the spine of rats getting more sleep allowing them to function better and learn new skills.

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they found that most memories are formed in the sleep, when new dendrites are created. The dendrites are more likely to stay in the spine while sleeping, so it was easier for the mice in the experiment to learn new skills if they got sleep afterwards

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When people get older their ability to remember decreases, because as we age our dendrites break down worsening our learning.

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If you perform an activity then sleep you will be able to perform it even better the next day. This is because the synapse in spines now have more connections.

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They ran a study to see if a certain protein when stimulated by light will cancel out the fear that rats experience. Process is called long term potentiation which involves strengthening of synapse that leads to lasting increase in signal transmissions between neurons.

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In this experiment, it's proven that mice that get more sleep retain more information for longer periods of time in comparison to mice that receive a shorter amount of sleep time. When sleeping, more dendrites develop which allows our brains to retain information for longer. So, the longer you sleep the more you will be able to retain information.

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two mice were running on a wheel. they took one mouse and left him unaffected, he ran perfectly and generated more dendrites. while the mouse that was on drugs didn't run as well and did not form new dendrites.

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There were many studies done to mice that would test their memories before and after an action took place. A high pitched noises and shocks were used to instill fear into the mice. It was demonstrated that LTP(long term potentiation) is needed for developing memories.

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In this article, there were a few experiments done with rats where they were shocked and then became instilled with a sense of fear. However, scientists discovered that this fear could be removed with LTD, which stands for long-term depression, and they would no longer be afraid of the shock after being injected with LTD.

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Dendrites start to decrease and break down while also becoming less effective as an individual continues to get older. Oligodendrocytes is a non-neuronal cell type and is mostly involved in learning new motor functions.

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When sleeping, your memories, abilities, and still are strengthened as dendrites are formed. These dendrites are found in the spinal cord. Getting more sleep will help you remember more information and skills.

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Long term potentiation (LTP) which makes a virus from protein when the blue light  hits the protein which then causes a nightmare which the memory from the nightmare can be further erased from A LTD which is a long term depression.

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this article associates sounds and tone pulses with fear and shock. in the experiments it showed that creating fear and memory with these electric shocks after hearing a sound pulse it increased potentiation in synapses. scientists recognized that when the rats assiciated sound with fear the neuron connection speed increased greatly.

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Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the cellular mechanism that controls memory and memory formation. in the 60s it was discovered that cells in the brain if introduced with a pattern would correspond with each other and produce an identical reaction each time. drugs and gene mutations affect LTP and cause distorted or short-term memory and memory loss altogether. an experiment showing rats flashing lights followed by a shock caused the rats to respond to just the lights with fear, Long-term depression (LTD) is the opposite mechanism that erases the learned LTP and forget the patterns which were learned through that process.

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oligodendrocytes are what create myelin around the neurons and they performed an experiment where mice were made to run on an irregularly shaped wheel, one mouse with the ability to create oligodendrocytes and the other wasn't able to, the mouse that was able to create oligodendrocytes was able to learn and run on the wheel efficiently while the mouse that couldn't create oligodendrocytes was unable to learn to run on the wheel efficiently

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This article shows how as we get older our function decreases. This is because their dendrites start to get weaker and break down so then they process information slower.

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In this article, it was found that animals preform better while getting more sleep and sleep also helps with keeping memories. Animals that got less sleep struggled a lot more.

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Researchers used laser lights to teach rats to be scared, and put light sensitive proteins into the amygdala, using lights pulses induced LTP in the amygdala, and the scientists were able to activate the fear response in the rats brains

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Scientist used light to install fear into mice when the light is flashed. LTP (Long-term potentiation) was used and the experiment showed how it is used in making memories.

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Strengthening of synapes by LTP is required for the formation of fearful memories, but also the weakening of the same synapes by doing the opposite mechanism it can erase these same memories.

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In this experiment, scientists used Optogenetics (light sensitive proteins that are inserted as a virus then injected into an animal) to install fear in the mouse's amygdala. After multiple trials, the scientists were able to activate the fear response with blue light whenever they wanted.

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Dendrites will break down over time and loss there effectiveness will and just like most other parts of you body but in this case the connection between some of the pieces of the neuron will defect and can cause several psychiatric diseases.

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Similar to the article Flashes of Light, this article talked about how changing the environment affects the response and memory of emotions (especially fear) in the amygdala. It tested the mice's long term potentiation (LTP). After altering the environment with light, they could alter the brain's memory of the events.

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By injecting long term potentiation (LTP) into mice, scientists were able to control their fear levels. These high frequency pulses activated the amygdala. When the scientists adjusted the pattern of these light pulses, they were able to make the rats forget about their fear.

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this article concluded that sleep improves memory because in your sleep you aren't learning more things you have time to process them so when you get enough sleep, your memory improves. when you are deprived of sleep your memory decreases. sleep and memory was also associated to improve motor function in cells.

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As we age, our dendrites begin to break down which worsens our ability to function and learn new processes. In response, our ability to have memory decreases as well. Oligodendrocytes create myelin in neurons. In the experiment, one mouse was able to create oligodendrocytes and one was not able to. The mouse that could was able to function running on the wheel, but the one that couldn't could not function running on the wheel.

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The hippocampus is the crucial part of forming long term memory in the process of long-term potentiation. As the synapses are strengthened, the memory are strengthened, too. They also using LTP in the process of change fear into no fear with a tone and light.

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LTP, long term potentiation, is the cellular basis of memory formation. This article was very similar to the flashes of light article. An experiment was done on rats where they injected them with a light-sensitive protein that was associated with the shocks that were administered on the rats. This showed how LTP is associated with the fear aspect of memories.

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Scientists were able to turn fear on and off in mice by using injecting a light-sensitive protein into the amygdala. The flashes of light were then followed by a pulse. This showed that the researchers were able to activate fear in the mice.

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Mice in this experiment were trained like a dog with a dog collar. they were traumatized by blue light and high-pitched noise and then shocked after. This is long-term potentiation (LTP) Then the mice were shown blue light and a shock and froze expecting a shock.

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Scientists injected a long-term potentiation (LTP) in some mice. They were able to use LTP to affect the amygdala and caused fear in mice whenever a light was turned off and on.

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Dendrocytes are how we learn and how we keep the stuff we learned in our head which these become less and less effective as we get older and how there is relations between mylein heath problems as well as diseases

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they used lights to create LTP in the amygdala that generated a fear response whenever the light was shown

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LTP is what helps us remember. The researchers played a tone that would then be followed by a shock. Soon the rats would hear the tone and freeze getting prepared to be shocked. To erase this memory they got rid of LTP with LTD (long term depression) this would make the rats no longer scared after hearing the tone. Long story short LTP is a main role in memory and can be erased with LTD.

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The mice that couldn't create new dendrocytes were unable to create new motor memories and increase electrolytes. They did this by blocking the Myrf gene.

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The article is about memory formation involving the strengthening of synapses. Long Term Potentiation (LTP) was injected into the mice, and the scientists were able to control the fear level of the mice. The high frequency triggered things like the amygalda in the mouses body and when light was adjusted, the rats were able to forget about their fear.

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LTP creates memory. Scientists wanted to see how much they were able to control this, so they injected a virus into a rat's brain. The scientists figured out that they were able to control the rat's fear with light and shocks. When the light turned on, the rat got shocked.

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In this article they tested to see if a certain protein that was stimulated by light would then be able to cancel out fear.

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They looked into memory patterns from mice when they got more sleep in comparison to less. Their research led to the data of if you get more sleep you tend to remember more of the stuff you learned before, you also learned how you can remember things and do thungs better when you get more sleep.

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When the shock/light used hits the protein, LTP makes a virus. This lead to a nightmare. With a long term depression, the LTD could erase this nightmare from the memory of the rats. They were able to enhance fear and then erase it through these shocks and lights.

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This experiment show how sleep can help your brain by strengthening your dendrites which improves. This was done with rats and a differentiation in the amount of sleep that they got.

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The defects in myelin lead to psychiatric illnesses, such as schizophrenia (serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally; hallucinations, delusions,...) and bipolar disorder (episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.).

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Mice were experimented with lights and a shock. mice were shown a light than shocked. like the flashes of lights lab, they were traumatized with LTP. then they were shown the light and expected a shock but it didn't and this shows they are susceptible to trauma.

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The mice that got a good amount of sleep were able to perform their abilities better. The abilities of the mice that were more sleep deprived decreased, and they were unable to perform their abilities.

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This article also uses Long- term potential (LTP). Which is a process involving persistent strengthing of synapse that leads to long lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons. This is done by a flash of light to the rats brain.

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The deficits of cellular basis of memory formation can be caused my drugs or genetic mutations. which mean the hippocampus is being affected, too.

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This test the researchers were playing noises that ended with a shock to test the presence of long-term potentiation (LTP) in rats. Specifically, they targeted the hippocampus area of their brains which is for long-term memories. When analyzing the rats they found that LTP does play a large role in memory.

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They inactivated the Myrf gene is a sample of rats but not the rest to test the results. Because the rats lacked Myrf gene, they also lacked myelinating oligodendrocytes, which prevented the rats ability to learn new motor functions compared to the other sample of rats who were not deprived of the Myrf gene.

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They made rats learn to keep their balance while on a rotating wheel. They found that dendrites were developing during their sleep on the spinal cord, as a result of getting a sufficient amount of sleep. Rats getting enough sleep therefore were better at the task at hand.