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Gallipoli Campaign

Who?: ANZAC troops (2779 New Zealanders died) fought the Ottoman forces (Turkish)

What happened?: Troops battled harsh conditions to try and take this important strategic position, but didn't have much luck and were evacuated.

Where?: Gallipoli peninsula in Turkey

When?: 8 months from 25 April 1915 to 15-20 Dec 1915

Why?: NZ was fighting as part of the British Empire

How is it significant to NZ?: It is claimed to have played a role in fostering our national identity. The day of the landing is now a national holiday of remembrance of those who have fought for our country and died in conflict.

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Who?: 4700 in Kayforce and 1300 on Frigates (33 troops died during the course) as part go the UN force. They fought communist Russia.

What happened?:NZ operated under Commonwealth name and helped escort troopships carrying the attack force

Where?:Between Japan and the port of Pusan

When?:3rd of July 1950-30th May 1951 (After this they joined Kayforce)

Why?:Fought under the banner of the UN and Kayforce to help defeat communist Russia.

How is this significant to Nz?: It had an indirect impact on NZs economy, because it encouraged US to buy wool. It also cemented the security commitment between NZ and US and opened the signing of the ANZUS Treaty

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Who? - 18,000 members of the New Zealand Division were sent to fight German troops. 6000 men were wounded and more than 2100 were killed.

What happened? - NZ Division tried to crack the German lines along with the British and French army but were unsuccessful in their attempts.

Where? - Along the front of the River Somme in Northern France.

When? - It lasted 45 days from 15 September 1916 to 18 November 1916.

Why? - They were apart of the British Empire.

How is it significant? - For New Zealand it was the biggest tragedy to have happened at that point. More than 2100 New Zealanders are buried at the battlefield of the Somme or near the sites of casualities at clearing stations or hospitals.

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Who?: Over 12,000 British and Colonial troops and 2000 Maori.(800 british troops lost their lives and 1200 Maori people lost theirs.)

What happened?: The British invaded Waikato to destroy the Maori King Movement and lots of Maori got killed in this process.

Where?: Rangiriri on the Waikato river and at Orakau on the southern edge of the central Waikato district.

When?: 10 months from July 1863 to April 1864.

Why?: Maori fought back to protect the Waikato land and the Maori King Movement.

How is it significant to NZ?: It was significant because it was the largest and most important campaign of the 19th century New Zealand Wars

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Who?: ANZAC troops (10,000 New Zealanders) and other Allies fought German defences on the coast of German-occupied France.

What happened?: Allied troops planned extensively about how to liberate France. Eventually, on June 6, 1944, a huge military machine embarked on the invasion of Germany-occupied France. It's target was the coast of Normandy, but they managed to convince German forces that they were attacking at another location.

Where?: Sword Beach, Normandy, on the coast of German-occupied France.

When?: June 6, 1944.

Why?: Allied forces intended to end the war, and due to this battle, started the campaign to liberate Europe and defeat Germany.

How is it significant to NZ?: By 1944, 10,000 New Zealanders had been killed. This battle marked the beginning of the end of WW2, proving that all their efforts had not gone to waste. New Zealand played a major role in D-Day, as an estimated 10,000 of them were involved, supporting landings as pilots, crew members, and sailors in the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy.

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Who?

New Zealanders, British, Australian and Greek troops, assisted by Cretan civilians were all part of this not famous enough battle. 300 NZ soldiers killed and 3000 captured.

What?

A huge airborne assault by the Germans which the allies nearly fought off

When?

It began just after dawn on 20 May 1941 and continued for 12 dramatic days

Where?

Crete an island which is a part of Greece.

Why?

Crete would both give the Germans a good base in the eastern Mediterranean and prevent the British using it to mount operations in the Balkans.

How significant?

very as it shows not only airborne assaults but also water assaults and ground invasions it also shows civilians slaughtered. Not to mention the allies where on the doorstep of victory but then the expected attack did not occur on the 25th of May. Instead, the New Zealanders were subjected to continued bombardment from German mortars. Soon all the units near Galatas a vital town worth keeping from the Germans were under attack. As the afternoon wore on the New Zealanders’ situation became increasingly desperate.

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Who? Al Deere and 134 other New Zealanders. (Part of the RAF fighter command), the French, the British, and the Germans.

What happened? The French surrender and left the British empire fighting Germany alone. Air battle, German taking RAF down steadily. Britain avoided German fighter s and instead attacked enemy bombers.

Where? In the air over Britain.

When? First phase: Beginning of July 1940

Second phase: early August 1940

Third phase:7th September 1940

Why? NZ was fighting as part of the RAF (Royal Airforce).

How is it significant to NZ? Because NZ was part of the battle. There were quite a few significant NZ pilots. One of them: Michael

Herrick who was only 19 shot down three out of four German night bombers. NZ went because they were supporting the British to defend the British system which NZ depended for economic and physical security.

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Who: Hone Heke (The person who started the rebellion/conflict), NgaPuhi and the British Forces.

What happened: After the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, the British were trying to repress "natives" who were rebelling. This caused the Ngapuhi tribe, alongside other Maori tribes to fight against the British to get the rights they were guaranteed.

When: 11 March 1845 - 11 January 1846

Where: North island of New Zealand, Bay of Islands

Why: Because the Maori felt that the crown was exceeding its authority in the area.

How is it significant to NZ?: because it was a sign of Maori despair after the British slowly increased control of Maori affairs. Hone Heke attacking the British flag was also emphasising his grievance of the government.

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A flight lieutenant of the Royal Naval Air Service 

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Who? More than 800 New Zealanders served as air (Royal Flying Corps) or ground crew in the war between 1914 and 1918.

What happened? It played a vital role throughout the war in reconnaissance, aerial combat, and bombing missions.

Where? France and Belgium.

When? World War I (1914–1918).

Why? To support the bordering military objectives of the British and Allied forces on the western Front.

How is it significant to NZ? Because it marked the beginning of New Zealand's involvement in aerial warfare during WW1.

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Who? : New zealand military and civilian personnel ( More than 3000 faught and 37 men died in vietnam ) two civilians serving with the surgical and Red Cross teams also lost their lives . They fought the communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( North Vietnam ).

What happened ?: New Zealand personnel and civilians served there between 1963 and 1975 . They fought the Vietnam democratic republic in south Vietnam but ended up with defeat in south Vietnam in 1975 . More than one million soldiers and two million civilians died all together in Vietnam .

Where ?: Most of New Zealand fights were in south Vietnam.

Why?: They were part of the Anzac alliance and were obligated too.

How is it significant to Nz?: The Vietnam War marked a turning point in the evolution of New Zealand's post-war foreign and security policies. In terms of national security, our combat involvement represented the culmination of a line of official thinking based on the ANZUS alliance, the perceived dangers of Asian communism, and the commitment to forward defence in South-East Asia. The outcome of the war prompted New Zealand to re-evaluate its alliance policy – most notably the forward defence strategy.

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Who: 1st Royal NZ Infantry Regiment (1RNZIR). Although there were no fatalities as a result of enemy action, 12 New Zealanders died or were accidentally killed in Southeast Asia the period of Confrontation between 1964 and 1966, as well as the RNZAF’s 14 squadron consisting of 6 Canberra Bombers, HMNZS Hickleton, Santon Minesweepers and Taranaki frigate, and also 1st Ranger Squadron NZSAS around 40 men.

What happened: Originally NZ refused to send troops because Wellington didn’t want to become embroiled in a major war with Indonesia. NZ were drawn in by Malay peninsula attack as they where one of the few available commonwealth units in the area was the 1RNZIR. The NZ airforce was sent to Singapore, the 1RNZIR was sent to Sarawak to relieve a Gurkha battalion. On the 29 of October New Zealanders were involved in a operation to capture a small amphibious force which had landed at mouth Sungei Kesang River

Where: Malay Peninsula in Thailand. Sungei Kesang River in north-west Johore. Sarawak

When: it was 1964-1966

Why: NZ was involved with the fighting because they were apart of the commonwealth.

How was it significant: it was one first places New Zealand fought in the Cold War, due to the British telling them to

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who? - thousands of new zealanders in total, around 140,000 new zealand personal serverd over seas for the allied war effort, and on additonal 100,000 men were armed for home gaurd duty

what happened? - britten, new zealand and us declared war on japan

where? - singapore, seas around japan, solmen island

when? - 1940s to 1994

why? - they wanted to help us and decleared war on japan.

how is it significant? - it is signfifcant to nz because thousands of nzers serverd in the pasific: the nave, air forcce, 3 divison of the army

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• Who:

・ The Imperial Japanese Navy carried out the attack.

・ The operation was planned under the command of

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet.

・ The attack force was led by Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo, Commander of the First Air Fleet.

・ Six aircraft carriers—Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiryu, Shokaku, and Zuikaku—launched approximately 350 carrier-based aircraft to execute the attack.

・ What happened:

On December 7, 1941 (December 8 in Japan Time), the Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, severely damaging the U.S. Pacific Fleet’s battleships and aircraft. The attack resulted in the deaths of approximately 2,400 Americans, leading the United States to declare war on Japan.

• Where:

Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii, United States

• When:

December 7, 1941 (December 8 in Japan Time)

• Why:

Japan faced economic sanctions from the United States and Britain, particularly an oil embargo, making it difficult to secure resources. To gain access to resource-rich areas in Southeast Asia, Japan sought to eliminate the U.S. naval threat in the Pacific through a preemptive strike on Pearl Harbor.

• How is it significant:

・The attack led the United States to formally enter World War II, escalating the Pacific War.

・ New Zealand, already part of the Allied forces, faced a direct threat as Japan expanded its military operations.

・ With Japan advancing southward, New Zealand strengthened its defenses and developed closer military cooperation with the United States.

・ Many New Zealand troops were deployed to the Pacific front to fight against Japan.

・ After the war, New Zealand reinforced its security ties with the United States, leading to the establishment of the ANZUS Treaty (Australia, New Zealand, United States Security Treaty).

・The attack on Pearl Harbor had a major impact on New Zealand’s security policies and international relations.