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Black: Boxes overview and color code.

Red: Everything that happened in the year of 1789 to an overview of 1790.

Orangish Brown: The Early 1790s.

Green: The Reign of Terror

Blue: The Directory & the Napoleonic Era

Purple: Pre-Revolution and the Causes + Types of Government Throughout the French Revolution + Post-Revolution

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The Ancien Regime was a system that consisted of 3 estates the 1st, which were clergy, the 2nd, which were the nobles, and the 3rd, which contained commoners.

The third estate was the most populous of the three, owned the most land, and paid all 100% of the taxes.

At this time, the government was an absolute monarchy, where a single person had all of the power.

France was in war debt due to the American Revolution which caused King Louis XVI to spend over half the budget of the government.

The French were inspired by the no-king government in America.

Throughout the time period of the 18th century, the citizens of France struggled with the problem of hunger due to a growing population and a famine in the winter of 1788. On the other hand, King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were still trying to live in luxury.

From this point, things in France are intense.

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This was an emergency meeting called by King Louis XVI in the year 1789 to try to solve the issues in France

People couldn't figure out a method to conduct voting on the issues: Majority System vs. Estate System.

Number of delegates from each estate:

300 from the 1st Estate

300 from the 2nd Estate

600 from the 3rd Estate

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Members of the 3rd Estate and some members from the 1st and 2nd Estates founded The National Assembly. As a result, The National Assembly was locked out of their convention room by King Louis XVI so they found a Tennis Court to meet on and make the Tennis Court Oath.

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When locked out of the Estates General meeting room by King Louis XVI, The National Assembly is afraid and decides to meet in an indoor tennis court. At this time, the Third Estate was oppressed by the First and Second Estates which is why during the Tennis Court Oath, they said they would continue the battle for equal rights when compared to the 1st and 2nd Estates.

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Storming of The Bastille - July 14th, 1789

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Storming of The Bastille - July 14th, 1789

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King Louis XVI dispatches military troops to forcibly stop the civil unrest in Paris that was created due to over-taxation and a food shortage.

As a result, the National Assembly is angry and storms a castle called the Bastille to release its prisoners and also gain weapons in order to defend themselves from King Louis XVI's troops.

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Declaration of The Rights of Man and the Citizen - August 26th, 1789

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Declaration of The Rights of Man and the Citizen - August 26th, 1789

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During this year, the National Assembly begins to produce a constitution that would eventually be valid in 1791.

The National Assembly eradicates the Ancien Regime of the "3 estates system" on August 4th, 1789.

On August 26th, 1789, the Declaration of The Rights of Man and the Citizen expresses and confirms that everybody "has the right to property, liberty, and security."

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Women's March on Versailles - October 5th, 1789

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Women's March on Versailles - October 5th, 1789

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Rumors about Queen Marie Antoinette hoarding grain cause armed women from the 3rd estate to the Palace of Versailles to make them leave and relocate to the Tuileries Palace in Paris.

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In this year, King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are trapped and not allowed to leave the Palace of Tuileries. Additionally, the 2nd estate, which consisted of nobles, migrate to try and keep their current lifestyle from being damaged by instantaneous changes.

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French: "Liberté, égalité, fraternité."

English: Liberty, equality, fraternity.

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In 1791, after being relocated to the Tuileries Palace, King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, dressed as servants, set out for an estate out of Paris that belonged to one of their generals. However, they were recognized. Additionally, some people took their escape attempt as a statement of giving up their thrones and power.

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At this point in time, a new group called the Jacobins get involved with the French Revolution by stating that they want a republic for France and not a constitutional monarchy like the National Assembly wanted. The Jacobins were also the most revolution-wanting group in the Revolution.

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There were 4 factions during the Revolution.

They were:

The Girondins

Had the greatest power from 1789 to 1792.

They wanted a democracy and were led by Jacques-Pierre Brissot. (Sometimes the group was called The Brissotins by enemies.)

Endorsed the idea of foreign war in order to unite France.

Received a lot of support from outside Paris.

The Jacobins

Had the greatest power from 1793 to 1794.

Consisted of revolutionaries who completely supported equality in the government.

Led by Maximilien Robespierre.

Utilized violence to oppose any kind of resistance during the Reign of Terror.

Conducted the movement of dechristianization.

Received a lot of support "from groups in Paris."

Mostly everyone in the group encouraged King Louis XVI to be executed.

Montagnards

Had the greatest power from 1793 to 1794.

Led by Jean-Baptiste Lindet.

Were against the Girondins and allies with the Jacobins.

They were the most revolutionary group within the National Convention.

This group also directed the Committee of Public Safety.

Montagnards means mountain men. They were called this because members sat on higher benches of the assembly. They also had robust support from people called the sansculottes, who were republicans from Paris in a lower class.

The Plain

Had the greatest power from 1792 to 1795.

Led by Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyés

Were actually allied with the Girondins but voted to execute King Louis XVI with the Montagnards and Jacobins.

Were the largest group in the National Convention and were also moderate when referring to their political policies and perspectives.

Provided assistance in the overthrowing of extreme Jacobins in the year of 1794.

Called as "La Pleine" which means The Plain due to how they sat in the assembly's lower levels.

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Massacre of Champ de Mars - July 17th, 1791

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Massacre of Champ de Mars - July 17th, 1791

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At a big public location with green scenery in Paris, the Jacobins attempt to convince people that King Louis XVI gave up his throne. They also stated that the National Assembly was not revolutionary enough.

As a result, the National Assembly was dispatched to dissolve the intense situation. However, things slipped out of control and the National Assembly shot at the Jacobins and caused 50 deaths.

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Declaration of Pillnitz - The August of 1791

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Declaration of Pillnitz - The August of 1791

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King Frederick William of Prussia and King Leopold the Second of Austria deliver the Declaration of Pillnitz to help restore the monarchy of France. This event was significant due to how King Louis XVI invigorated Prussia to conduct an invasion of France. Consequently, the National Assembly sees King Louis XVI as an opposition to the French Revolution.

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Execution of King Louis XVI - January 21st, 1793

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Execution of King Louis XVI - January 21st, 1793

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On August 10th of 1792, the Legislative Assembly proceeds with voting to discontinue the monarchy by putting it off. However, Louis XVI ends up being executed by 1 vote and through a guillotine. Additionally, Marie Antoinette was executed following Louis XVI.

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The Reign of Terror - September 5th, 1793 - July 1794

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The Reign of Terror - September 5th, 1793 - July 1794

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At this point in time, the Jacobins have dominance in the National Convention. George Danton who was responsible for rebelling against Louis XVI, he was the most passionate person for speaking out and up for the Jacobins. Another person in the Jacobins was Jean-Paul Marat who wanted all of the King's supporters to be executed.

Maximilien Robespierre

Says that the judgments of humans cannot ever be enough for the justification of killing another person but was the reason for the executions of a vast amount of people. Many, many, of whom were innocent and did not do anything wrong.

He was part of the French upper class called the Bourgeois who turned into a Jacobin who was radical.

Desired to establish "a republic of virtue" using reason to get rid of France's past. This process included: a new calendar, churches in Paris being closed, the promotion of the need for education, and no sundays which meant that every 10th day of the month was allotted to rest.

Deschristianization of France

The word "saint" was taken out of street names.

Churches experienced violence through pillaging.

A new calendar that had every 10th day off for rest. The calendar started on the 22nd of September, which was "the 1st day of the French Republic."

The Committee of Public Safety

The Committee of Public Safety was a group of 12 people that wanted to protect the French Revolution from enemies and also apply its ideals.

Maximilien Robespierre began to execute all the people who opposed the Revolution using guillotines.

Facts About The Revolution:

Robespierre thought that anyone who opposed his leadership was an enemy and that they weren't as revolutionary about what they believed in when compared to him.

During the Reign of Terror, around 40 thousand people were killed through executions. These executions defeated the purpose of the Revolution because 85% of the 40 thousand people were peasants who the entire Revolution was for.

End of The Reign of Terror:

The National Convention became afraid of losing their lives because of The Reign of Terror and turned against Robespierre and executed him on the 28th of July, 1794.

Nonradical members of the National Convention created a nonradical system of government called The Directory.

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Consisted of 5 men that were called the Directory.

Had "a bicameral legislature" which was kind of like how the Congress of the United States has a House of Representatives and a Senate.

This government was made of mostly people from the middle class but some members were corrupt. However, the government ensured some peace for France that lasted some years.

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Napoleon Bonaparte and His Influence on The French Revolution

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Napoleon Bonaparte and His Influence on The French Revolution

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Provided defense to the National Convention against people called Royalists who supported the monarchy system which made him known as a hero to the French Republic. He eventually went on to achieve triumphs against foreign armies as a recognized general.

When Napoleon's friends wanted him to take power in the government, he conducted Coup d'Etat in November of 1799. Coup d'Etat means "blow to the state". It is also when power is suddenly taken. His troops caused the members of the bicameral legislature to leave and made the members who stayed agree to get rid of the Directory.

The new government consisted of 3 consuls who were leaders of the government. Napoleon made himself known as the First Consul and took possession of all the power a dictator would have.

In the year of 1804, Napoleon calls himself emperor. From now, Bonaparte's objective is to bring glory to France on the "world stage". Around this time period, he sells the Louisiana Territory to Thomas Jefferson because he couldn't regain France's lost territory from the Seven Years' War due to the Haitian Revolution.

After that, Napoleon begins war with most of the countries in Europe. As a result, Russia, Austria, and Britain band together to stop him. Subsequently, all 3 countries make a treaty with France due to foreign affairs and war. Spain, Portugal, Sweden, and Prussia are also involved in fighting Napoleon throughout.

In the year of 1812, at Bonaparte's height, he commits the mistake of losing about "300 to 500,00 men" because of Russian weather and resilience.

Napoleon then is exiled from France after abdicating his throne in 1814.

Furthermore, in 1815, Bonaparte comes back to France and attempts to reestablish his throne by growing another army. However, he is beaten at the Battle of Waterloo and is found to be exiled again.

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Types of Governments During The French Revolution

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Types of Governments During The French Revolution

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Post-Revolution, Concert of Europe: From 1814 and Moving Into WW1

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Post-Revolution, Concert of Europe: From 1814 and Moving Into WW1

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After the French Revolution, the amount of nationalism across Europe increased and people formed their own countries based on culture, ethnicity, and language.

The Concert of Europe was an agreement between all the great powers of Europe to restore the borders that existed before Napoleon conquered land.

It was also an attempt to get rid of movements of nationalism that could result in the collapse and loss of power of empires in Europe.

The Congress of Vienna started the Concert of Europe in the year of 1814.