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Microscope was first invented around them 1590, by Hans and Zacharias Janssen, aiming to use the light refracted by lens to examine small molecular matters that are not visible to the naked Eye

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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After Microscope is invented, scientists were able to investigate the structures of different organisms, and examine the cells inside these organisms. With this tool, scientists were able to support the Cell theory.

The outcome of the invention of Microscope was a good explanation because the tool scientists used provides concrete evidence, which are objective rather than subjective evidences that can support the Cell theory. Thus, the explanation connects the evidence to the theory.

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Technologies are any forms of tools or machines that allows individuals and society to achieve their goals.

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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The Microscope extended everyone's perspective on how bodies work. For example, people never knew how skin regenerates itself. As Microscope examine how cell works in the body, they realized that the cells duplicate itself in a process known as "mitosis." Not only that, cells would duplicate to replace dead skin cells. These processes were all under the examination of Microscopes.

The evidence in changing the perspective of people were due to pictures from the inspection of cells under the Microscope. This provides a good explanation to how cells regenerate as the evidence is concrete observations, which is an objective evidence that supports the explanation of cells regenerating by mitosis, making it a strong explanation.

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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Before Microscopes were invented, people did not believe that there were any living beings under hot temperature, especially in boiling water. However, with the invention of Microscopes, microbiologists were able to find TAQ polymerase in the Yellowstone National Park's natural boiling water. They saw creatures that look like worms. Thus, this belief was changed to that organisms can exist in such extreme condition with the proper functional body system.

The evidence of observing TAQ polymerase supports the explanation of having organisms living in extreme heat condition. This is a good explanation due to the evidence provided was direct observations that is not biased towards subjective sense, then it is connected with the main argument of how there are organisms that live under high temperature.

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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Since Microscopes were invented, there are many objects that can be observed and concrete evidence can be suggested to make an argument. However, many scientists can modify their specimen to capture the microscopic evidence they wanted to, manipulating evidence to fit into their arguments. For example, scientists can add substances or enzymes to make cells' reaction faster and modify the cells' original functions. Not only that, scientists can also use digital image editing on computers to edit the images taken from the microscopes. These types of data manipulation could raise ethical concerns and makes an ethical impact against the data manipulation issue in science itself, making many researches uncredible and misinforming.

This is strong explanation as the argument provided examples on how data can be manipulated, and reasonings that data manipulation from microscopes can pose as an ethical concern. The synthesizing of information makes this a strong explanation to the problem.

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PCR is also known as Polymerase Chain Reaction, discovered in 1983 by a scientist named Kary Mullius. This technology uses Polymerase protein (obtainable from any organisms) to continuously replicate DNA materials, thus, scientists can use gel electrophoresis to separate these billions of DNA fragments and read the code inside these DNA.

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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Microscopes are not widely accessed by individuals and is only limited to laboratory uses. When the community wants to synthesize information for cell structures and DNA materials, it is difficult to obtain the direct images from microscopes due to it's inaccessibility. Moreover, these materials cannot be seen by the naked eye. Nonetheless, unequal access to technology disallow individuals to make accurate educational models for cell structures, which may influence how knowledge of cells is passed onto other individuals in the community.

This is a strong explanation for the topic of ethical consideration due to the connection of the information stated and the evidence of cells not being seen by the naked eye. This evidence has been objectively proven by all individuals, and it's why the Cell Theory was doubted before microscopes were invented. Thus, the evidence is concrete enough to connect back to the argument of individuals relying more on microscopes to make educational models, making this a strong explanation.

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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When PCR was first discovered, it was first used for identifying the sickle cell mutation gene in one of the section of chromosome 11p15. Not only that, PCR made the process of identifying genetic mutation efficient, only using 8 hours to get results. Moreover, the results from PCR establishes clear results than any other past methods, using purely gel electrolysis to separate DNA and read them. PCR allows for new ways to identify genetic diseases for many other individuals, becoming one of the most used and best method for genetic testing.

This a good explanation of the outcomes of PCR since the information is connected with the fact presented, in which scientists took 8 hours to get better DNA results. This information is aligned with how PCR became one of the best method for genetic testing, thus demonstrating its' outcomes.

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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The invention of PCR broaden people's perspective on DNA. People never know that PCR can be used for testing for genetic evidence in a crime scene, freeing many innocents from the prison due to false eyewitness. This also change people's perspective on eyewitness, specifically how memory distortions causes memory to be unreliable compared to scientific evidence, such as traces of DNA from a hair piece.

This is a good explanation on how PCR changed people's perspective because concrete evidence of PCR providing genetic evidence was made and connected to the explanation. Furthermore, more information was provided to demonstrate how genetic evidence in crime scenes can be gathered from PCR, tying up the explanation with the evidence connected.

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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Before PCR was introduced, people believed that it is impossible to investigate any genetic-related diseases, as DNA are too small to detect for mutation codes. After PCR was introduced, people are able to read into DNA from insect samples, which are thousands of years ago. This shaped people's belief on DNA, suggesting that DNA is useful for future researches

This is a good explanation on PCR changing people's original beliefs and values on DNA, as they were too small to be studied or detected. The explanation connects to the uses of PCR and how it can be used, providing evidence such as using DNA from insects. in which that is how we obtain clues for evolution.

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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PCR can be used for testing famous celebrities' dead cells. Even after they have passed away, people would be able to find family secrets. Not only would this raise ethical concerns of consent, it poses as an ethical threat for using this technology ethically.

This is a good explanation for PCR violating ethical concerns due to its' broad usage. The passage provides evident examples that can be connected back to the explanation, thus making it strong for explaining the ethical threat of PCR.

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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Unequal access of PCR disallows individuals to read the genetic code in DNA. Furthermore, individuals would not understand how genetic disorders are constructed and how they can be detected. Individuals would have no idea about the genetic history of their families.

This explanation lists down reasonable examples of genetic history, which have been studied through the use of PCR, to support the explanation. Thus, this explanation to explaining the unequal access of PCR is strong.

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The Periodic Table was first invented in 1869 by Mendeleev. This tool allows scientists to organize all the elements by its' patterns: atomic mass, atomic size, electronegativity... and more.

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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After Periodic Table was invented, scientists were able to organize elements with unique names, allowing other individuals to understand basic information of different elements. Scientists were able to make calculations based on how the elements are organized, making it useful for determining chemical reactions' value.

This is a good explanation since the explanation connects to real life examples of today. Furthermore, this ties back to how periodic table organize elements. Thus, this explanation connects back to the outcomes of periodic table, making it a strong explanation.

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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When the Periodic table was invented, scientists started to rush to try discover new elements to be placed onto the periodic table. Some even attempted to fake elements, like Ninovium. This broaden scientists' perspective on substances and elements, discovering how there could be billions more possibility than a single element of hydrogen.

This explanation uses bases from real life situation, in which, scientists truly were in a race to discover new elements for the periodic table. This example was backed up with the example of Ninovium, thus, providing a strong explanation.

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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Before the Periodic table was invented, many individuals believe that there were only little elements with certain atomic mass. However, most information were inaccurate, such as electronegativity and ionization energy. After Periodic table was invented, scientists are able to hunt for more accurate results, thus, changing everyone's beliefs in each elements.

This is a good explanation since the explanation applies connection with scientific information that has been suggested true. These evidence are more objective than subjective, connecting with the main explanation.

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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After Periodic Table was discovered, many scientists attempted to hunt for new elements. This caused many scandals such as fake elements of Ninovium, and even unethically taking credit for elements discovery.

This is a good expalnation of ethical impact for the Periodic Table as it connects back to the evidence of fake elements and unethical credibility. Nonetheless, the evidence are connected to the explanation as well, justifying the ethical problem.

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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Since Periodic Table is mostly available to individuals, many individuals in the community would share these information like common knowledge. However, to those who has no access to such technology would not understand the information that is shared. For example, the atomic mass of each elements, or what types of elements exist.

This explanation provides related examples that connects to real-life. Moreover, these are concrete examples that are not randomized by subjective opinions. Thus, this makes the explanation strong.

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X-Ray was invented in 1895, by a German scientists known as W.C. Röntgen. This machine allows production of images inside an organism bodies, seeing images of bones and fluids inside.

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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After X-Ray was invented, many doctors and scientists are able to understand the structures inside different organisms. Nonetheless, doctors can diagnose if bones are broken in the human body, in which, are still being used today.

This makes a good explanation as the information provided is backed up by concrete evidence, in which, large amount of doctors use X-Ray to diagnose bones' fractions. This evidence is connected to how X-Ray can assist in doctors and scientists studying the organic structures inside of organisms.

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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The invention of X-Ray broaden people's perspective on the internal structures in different animals. Moreover, x-ray allows the invention of brain scans, which allows scientists to change perspectives and form new theories about how brain forms memories.

This makes a good explanation of how X-Ray extends individuals' perspective. The explanation connects to real-life examples of brain scans, which are objective evidence that occurs in real life. Furthermore, these examples are realistic and connected to how doctors and scientists are able to gather more knowledge.

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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The invention of X-Ray changed many beliefs about different animals' body. Some believed that animals like snakes would not have bones inside their body. However, X-Ray provided information on the structures of snakes' bodies, showing how there are bones that structure differently compared to other organisms with legs. Thus, this changed individuals' belief on animal body structures.

This is a good explanation since evidence of concrete examples were connected to the explanation. The misinformation of animals' body structure were not clear until the invention of x-ray, providing concrete evidence. Thus, this is a good explanation due to the connection of realistic examples to the real world.

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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X-Ray's first invention may cause danger in organisms' health, as radiation from X-Ray may leads to small chances of cancer. Furthermore, the first X-Ray invention is not as advanced compared to today, the risk during that time period would raise serious ethical concerns.

This is a good explanation due to the example of concrete evidence of X-Ray leading to cancer. This evidence is connected to the explanation in which would leads to ethical concerns. Furthermore, the evidence is objective rather than subjective data, providing a strong explanation.

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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The equipments for conducting X-Ray scans are expensive and requires many knowledge to use it correctly without danger. Unequal access of technology would suggests that individuals would not to understand how radiation is used, and structures of other organisms such as different plants.

This is a good explanation since the explanation connects to a key component of X-Ray, in which, radiation is used to conduct X-Ray scans. This is also an objective evidence that has been suggested during the invention of X-Ray, thus, making this a good explanation.

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Paper Chromatography is a separation technique using the difference with how fast a substance would travel in liquid form. It is invented in 1943 by Martin and Synge.

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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The invention of Paper Chromatography allows individuals to add another layer of purification method, and even identify certain DNA parts in biological invention.

This is a good explanation since there were examples provided in real world context. Furthermore, the explanation is connected with the example, demonstrating what individuals have used the technology for.

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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Before the technology was invented, many individuals did not understand how chemicals or biological molecules can be separated. As Paper Chromatography is developed, scientists began to separate biological molecules such as DNA and proteins away from where they are synthesized. This is also used in drug industry where drugs are synthesized and has to be separated for testing purposes.

This is a good explanation since the explanation connects with evidence of scientists using such methods, which suggests a connection with how Paper Chromatography would broaden people's perspective in new lights.

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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The invention of paper chromatography shifted people's beliefs on separation methods. Before the invention, people believed that only methods such as filtration and condensation can separate different substances. With the invention, we can separate substances based on their traveling speed through paper, depending on the substances' property.

This is a good explanation since the explanation is connected to the examples from real life situations, in which, is supported by true experiments done by professional scientists. Thus, there is concrete evidence supporting this separation method is valid, which supports this explanation.

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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Paper Chromatography uses different chemical substances to extract sensitive chemicals, such as DNA. This method could cause chemical harm towards a specimen if not used properly, which may lead to ethical concerns in the field of Chemistry.

This explanation uses the information of harmful substances, in which, occurs in the process of using Paper Chromatography. The information supports the explanation, thus suggesting a strong explanation.

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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Paper Chromatography is an advanced separation technique of chemical substances. Although there is unequal access, this helps prevent accidents or misleading information or misusage of technology. However, many individuals would not understand this separation technique and the results from it.

This explanation connects to logical processing of how Paper Chromatography may be used for misleading information, thus, unequal access would decrease the amount of false information in the community. This demonstrates a strong explanation due to logical connection with the information at hand.

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CRISPR is a technology used for gene editing, specifically using Cas9 enzymes to edit specific parts of genes. It is invented by Ishino et al in 1987.

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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After the invention of CRISPR, the invention opened new doors for treating genetic diseases. Furthermore, CRISPR also sparks new tales for genetic duplication and testing self-modified genes in animals.

This is a great explanation to explain the consequences of invention because the explanation connects to examples from real-life situation, which is supported by evidence that these examples have been tested by scientists. Thus, the evidence provides a strong explanation.

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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When the invention was introduced, scientists have a broader perspective on the possibilities with gene editing. They started to purpose genetic engineered fruits or animals' breeding for solutions to problems such as decaying fruits and animals having certain genetic traits.

This explanation connects the possibilities in which scientists have purposed after the introduction of CRISPR to broadened perspective. With logical examples and evidence from the scientists' theories, this suggests a good explanation on how CRISPR broadened people's perspectives.

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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Before invention of CRISPR, people and scientists believed that it was difficult to cure genetic diseases, as it is caused by mutations that cannot be prevented. They also believed that genetic traits cannot be modified. However, after the invention, scientists believed that there would be a future with genetic modified organisms with enhanced traits, and cures for genetic diseases.

This is a good explanation as it contrast the changes before and after the invention with logical examples from real life, in which, scientists have declared these beliefs before.

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What was the ethical impact of the invention? 

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What was the ethical impact of the invention? 

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After the invention of CRISPR, many scientists conducted genetic modification and organisms breeding. These may lead to illegal treatment against animals, with forceful breeding and unethical genetic mutation that may conduct forms of torture against these organisms.

This is a good explanation since the explanation consist of logical examples that had occur in real life experiments. Thus, the explanation connects to unethical uses of CRISPR, making it a strong explanation.

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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With limited access to CRISPR, many individuals would not understand the possibilities of genetic engineering for the future, and innovate new ideas on genetic modification.

This explanation ties back to speculations on individuals' innovation for the future. Although this is not objective evidence or theories made by professionals, the reasoning is logical and connects to the claim, thus making a strong explanation.

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Satellite is a technology invented by the Soviet Union in 1903. Satellite's first use was for communication around the globe.

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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Satellites allow long range communications and technological tracking in devices people use today. Furthermore, many scientists also use it for detecting certain geographical areas and creating maps.

This is a good explanation as it provides objective evidence of satellites uses that have been done in the past.

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspectives?

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspectives?

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Invention of Satellite allowed people to have a broad perspectives on communication devices. For example, people started to innovate ideas such as radio station for space communications and a communication satellite, detected for giving out communication waves, allowing information to be transmitted.

This explanation provides specific examples from real life situations, which are concrete evidence to support explanation. Thus, this makes a strong explanation.

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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The invention of satellites shifted people's beliefs on communication and navigation. They used to believe that we have to be reliant on handmade maps, and communicating with phones that has range limits. After the invention, people witnessed that they can communicate as far as into space, and navigate with GPS, shifting their beliefs.

This explanation demonstrates historical knowledge of handmade maps and old phones with range limits, providing objective evidence from the past. Thus, this connects to evidence of technology in recent time period, demonstrating shift in beliefs. Thus, this is a strong explanation.

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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With the invention of satellites, many technological devices use this invention track locations of individuals. This may lead to invasion of privacy, in which, many medias and applications would track device locations without letting the individual noticing. This leads to ethical concerns of the satellites.

This is a good explanation since it connects to real life evidence of media privacy. Thus, this evidence links back to satellites' uses of communication in technological devices, making this a strong explanation.

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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How does unequal access to technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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Limited access to satellites full potential may prevent other individuals from understanding what satellites can be used for. The communities thus would have a set range of knowledge that can only be access by higher individuals with extensive knowledge of satellites uses.

This explanation provides hypothetical situation with satellites usage, in which, can be supported with the current situation of satellites. Not all information about them have been exposed to the public.

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Telescope is a technology invented by Hans Lippershey & Zacharias Janssen in 1608. Telescopes were constructed with magnifying lens to examine stars in the sky.

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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What were the consequences/outcomes of using the invention?

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Telescopes lead to many scientists researching about stars and the sky. They studied celestial objects and gave room for the development of astronomy.

This is a great explanation due to the concrete evidence supporting the explanation of consequences of telescopes.

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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How did the invention broaden, narrow, or change people's perspective?

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The invention of telescopes broadened people's perspective about the sky and stars. People started to discover patterns of set stars, and recognize some are brighter than certain stars. This lead to discoveries of Zodiac signs.

This explanation provides evidence of the development of astronomy, and connects to the discovery of Zodiac signs in stars. Thus, this is a strong explanation for the changes in perspective of telescopes.

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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How did the invention shape or change beliefs?

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Before the invention of telescopes, people believed that there was nothing beyond the sky, and stars were random occurrences. After the telescopes were invented, people started to believe in planets and life outside in space.

This is a good explanation as it provides historical information of people's ideologies about astronomy. This connects back to the explanation, making it a strong explanation.

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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What was the ethical impact of the invention?

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The invention of telescopes lead to development of the study in astronomy. However, this may cause many misinformation during telescope's invention period. As technology is not as advanced as today, information established from telescopes many not be reliable.

This explanation provides an evident example with logical information of historical time periods. Thus, this demonstrates a strong explanation.

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How does unequal access of technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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How does unequal access of technology affect the shared knowledge to the community?

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Unequal access to the telescopes disallow individuals to discover true evidence of astronomy themselves, or recognize star patterns like other scientists can. Models of such star patterns may be inaccurate to the real experience from telescopes

This explanation connects to logical examples of difference in real experiences and models from telescopes, thus providing a strong explanation.