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Let's start with the basics. A nucleotide is like a tiny piece of DNA and RNA. Each nucleotide has three parts that work together:
1. A sugar
2. A phosphate group
3. A nitrogen base
Think of it as small building blocks that snap together to form the DNA ladder!

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The sugar and phosphate groups form what we call the 'backbone' of DNA. They take turns to make the outer part of the DNA double helix. \

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Let's look at the first two bases! Purines are the bigger bases that have two rings:
• Adenine (A): Matches with Thymine
• Guanine (G): Matches with Cytosine

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Pyrimidines: Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C)

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Pyrimidines: Thymine (T) and Cytosine (C)

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Now let's check out the smaller bases! Pyrimidines are single rings:
• Thymine (T): Matches with Adenine
• Cytosine (C): Matches with Guanine

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Base pairing in DNA:
• A always matches with T and bonds with 2 connections
• G always matches with C and bonds with 3 connections
Think of 'AT' as 'Apple in tree ' and 'GC' as 'Great Combo' because it has more bonds!

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When all these nucleotides come together, they make the amazing double helix! This looks like a twisted ladder where:
• The sides are the sugar-phosphate backbone
• The steps are the base pairs
• Does a full twist every 10 base pairs
This shape keeps our genetic info safe!