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Typically last for 15-30 seconds

Also known as active/primary memory

Can hold 5-9 things in storage

Formed when the brain wants to store information temporarily

Functions

Attention

Recognition

Three imperative processes

Encoding

Maintenance

Retrieval

Examples:

Following instructions of a task

Memorizing a recipe

Remembering a phone number while dialing

Is vital in a professional/work setting. It allows students and teachers to easily access information. Short-Term Memory allows one to focus on things in your environment and to draw parallels with information already stored and new information.

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Nearly permanent storage that can last for years

Time length depends on a multitude of factors including health and age

NO limit on how much you can hold in storage

Formed when the hippocampus collects information from working memory. Brain's numeral wiring is altered.

New connections between neurons and synapses

Two main types

Explicit

Implicit

Examples:

Knowing the meaning of the word "jump".

Recalling your first kiss.

Knowing how to drive a car

Necessary for students to make connections between learning and build on foundational knowledge. Allows students to solve and take on complex problems.

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Typically lasts around 0.2 and 2 seconds

Collected from our senses

5 types

Iconic (Visual)

Echoic (Audiotory)

Haptic (Tactile)

Gustatory(Taste)

Olfactory(Smell)

First step in perception

Significant in learning, especially in the younger grades. Students learn from the world around them and allowing them to utilize their senses. Allowing them to explore with their senses also encourages curiosity.

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Short-Term Memory:

First step in understanding

Allows the recalling of quick facts instantaneously

Necessary for Long-Term Learning

Long-Term Memory:

Retention promotes learning by allowing students to recall information, skills and knowledge

Stronger Efficacy

Students able to focus on more complex tasks

Promotes continuous learning

Building on already established learning

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Trauma can severely alter brains and their functions

Repeated exposure to trauma keeps the brain in a defensive stance

Amygdala is high gear

Constant priming for flight or fight

Hydro arousal

Evidenced showing signs of heightened anxiety, panic, obsessive or compulsive behaviors, or excessively attempt to please and placate others.

Hypo arousal

They may go numb, feel empty, zone out, and struggle to connect or think, make themselves physically smaller or less conspicuous

Trauma can make it difficult to recall short and long term memories

Fragmented memories

Difficulty recalling details

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There are a multitude of strategies to improve memory, retention and transfers.

Example 1

Mindfulness Meditation

Allows students to focus on immediate task without stress

Example 2

Building strong foundational bonds

Having a communal, supportive environment is an important step in taking those trauma experiences students get out of the fight or flight and soothe their parasympathetic nervous system

One thing in particular is being vulnerable with students. Saying "I'm sorry" and "I was wrong." "I respect your point of view." will help foster a system of safety in learners.

Example 3

Making meaningful connections

Having students make real world connections to the text helps students engage more with a text.

Allows students to envision themselves within a text, cultivating a sense of importance

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Cleveland Clinic. (2024, November 12). Long-Term Memory. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/short-term-memory

Cleveland Clinic. (2024, December 3). Short-Term Memory. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/long-term-memory

ISP Fostering. (n.d.). How Trauma Impacts a Child's Brain. https://ispfostering.org.uk/childhood-trauma-brain-development/