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Democritus felt that our universe is formed by two elements: the atoms and the emptiness.  He believed that Atoms are microscopic quantities of material that makes up existence.

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Aristotle was opposed to the atomic hypothesis. Instead, he argued that everything is composed of four elements: fire, water, air, and earth. He thought that all materials on Earth included trace quantities of each element.

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John Dalton combined Aristotle's theories with his own. He said that everything is made up of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller parts. He further noted that while all atoms of the same element are identical, other elements are made up of different atoms.

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Thompson became the first person to introduce the concept of negatively charged electrons with unknown positive charges. Thomson's atomic model states that an atom is composed of a positively charged sphere within which negatively charged electrons are put. He stated that if an atom has more positive mass, it is positively charged, and if it has more negatively charged electrons, it is negatively charged.

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The atom, according to Rutherford, has an atomic nucleus that includes protons and neutrons. He also believed that electrons orbit the nucleus, but he died before his theory could be tested.

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Bohr advanced the hypothesis that electrons pursue a fixed path around the nucleus.

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At 1926, Heisenberg and Schrodinger applied Bohr's atomic model to formulate arithmetic equations to determine the likelihood of finding an electron in a specific location. The quantum mechanical model of the atom is the atomic model developed by Heisenberg and Schrodinger.

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The modern atom is composed of a nucleus, protons, electrons, and neutrons. The number of protons in an atom determines which element it belongs to; nevertheless, even if they all have the same number of protons, each atom of a given element may not be the same in mass and weight.