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Marking the start of a large-scale civil rights protest in the USA, the Montgomery Bus Boycott was ignited by Rosa Parks' courageous refusal to give up her seat to a white man on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama. This year-long boycott led to the Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses was unconstitutional, symbolizing a monumental victory for the civil rights movement. It also introduced Martin Luther King Jr. as a prominent leader of the movement.

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The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine African American students who enrolled at the racially segregated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Their attendance sparked a national crisis that compelled President Eisenhower to intervene by sending federal troops to escort and protect the students. This event starkly highlighted the challenges of desegregating public schools and the resistance faced from white supremacists.

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Four African American college students sat down at a whites-only lunch counter at Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina, demanding service. Their peaceful protest sparked a sit-in movement across the South, effectively challenging the Jim Crow laws of segregation in public places. These sit-ins played a crucial role in the widespread act of nonviolent resistance that marked the civil rights movement.

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Organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Freedom Rides aimed to desegregate interstate bus travel in the South. A group of black and white activists rode together on buses, challenging the segregated seating arrangements. Their journey was met with violent resistance, particularly in Alabama, demonstrating the deep-rooted racism in the South. The Freedom Rides drew national attention to the civil rights struggle and spurred governmental action against racial segregation.

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The Birmingham Campaign was a strategic movement organized by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to bring attention to the integration efforts of African Americans in one of the most racially segregated cities in America, Birmingham, Alabama. The campaign faced harsh tactics from local authorities, including the use of police dogs and fire hoses against the protesters. This significant event is remembered for its role in ensuring the passage of civil rights legislation.

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1963: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

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1963: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

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The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history. On August 28, 1963, approximately 250,000 people gathered before the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic 'I Have a Dream' speech. The event highlighted the demands for African American civil and economic rights and is hailed as a watershed moment for the civil rights movement.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was landmark legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in employment practices and public accommodations. Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, it marked the culmination of years of struggle and advocacy by the civil rights movement. This act represented a significant breakthrough in the quest for equality and justice in America.

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The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches held in 1965, highlighting the struggle for Black voting rights in the South. They were marked by brutal police violence on 'Bloody Sunday' as marchers attempted to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge. These events galvanized national opinion and led to the passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment.