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The passe composé with être consists of the conjugated helping verb être (to be) with a past participle.

There are 17 verbs in French use être as the helping verb instead of avoir.

Start with the sujet (subject), and follow with the verbe auxiliaire (helping verb) conjugated to match the subject. End the sentence with the past participle of one of the 17 verbes. Past participles with être must agree with the subject in number and gender: Add an extra -e for feminine subjects and an extra -s for plural subjects.

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je suis

tu es

il/elle/on est

nous sommes

vous êtes

ils/elles sont

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aller  ->  allé(e)(s)

venir  ->  venu(e)(s)

sortir  ->  sorti(e)(s)

partir  ->  parti(e)(s)

devenir  ->  devenu(e)(s)

retourner  ->  retourné(e)(s)

arriver  ->  arrivé(e)(s)

rester  ->  resté(e)(s)

rentrer  ->  rentré(e)(s)

entrer  ->  entré(e)(s)

tomber  ->  tombé(e)(s)

revenir  ->  revenu(e)(s)

monter  ->  monté(e)(s)

descendre  ->  descendu(e)(s)

passer  ->  passé(e)(s)

naître  ->  né(e)(s)

mourir  ->  mort(e)(s)

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The passé composé with avoir consists of the conjugated helping verb avoir (to have) with a past participle.

All past participles with avoir are the same for all subjects, and do not need to agree with the subject in number or gender.

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j'ai

tu as

il/elle/on a

nous avons

vous avez

ils/ells ont

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To form a past participle, drop the verb ending (-er/-ir/-re) and add:

-é for -er verbs

-i for -ir verbs

-u for -re verbs

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1. Nous avons mangé au restaurant.

We ate at the restaurant.

2. Elle a trouvé un petit chat.

She found a small cat.

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1. I go up the stairs -> I went up the stairs

Je monte l'escalier -> Je suis monté l'escalier

2. We arrive at the airport -> We arrived at the airport

Nous arrivons à l'aeroport -> Nous sommes arrivés à l'aeroport

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Des mots pour identifier le passé composé et l'imparfait

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Des mots pour identifier le passé composé et l'imparfait

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faire -> fait

avoir -> eu

être -> été

prendre -> pris

boire -> bu

mettre -> mis

conduire -> conduit

rire -> ri

lire -> lu

dire -> dit

écrire -> écrit

vivre -> vécu

savoir -> su

connaître -> connu

Some verbs use the same pattern as their root counterparts.

apprendre -> appris

promettre -> promis

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The acronym PAW LE CHAT is a method of identifying situations where the imparfait is needed.

P stands for physical condition:

Tu étais très malade.

You were very sick.

A stands for age:

Quand j'avais dix ans...

When I was 10 years old...

W stands for weather:

Il pleuvait.

It was raining.

L stands for location:

Elle habitait à Paris.

She lived in Paris.

E stands for emotion:

Ils étaient furieux!

They were furious!

C stands for continuous action:

Vous travailliez à l'école.

You worked at the school.

H stands for habitual action:

Nous sortions chaque semaine.

We went out every week.

A stands for appearance:

Les filles avaient les cheveux noirs.

The girls had dark hair.

T stands for time:

Il était minuit.

It was midnight.

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The imparfait is another type of way to express actions in the past. It only requires the verb, that has a stem and proper ending to match the subject. The stem for all verbs in the imparfait is created by taking the nous form and removing the -ons ending. Note that the stem for être is the only irregular stem and is

Par exemple:

The stem for arriver is arrive

Then one must add the correct ending to the stem that matches the subject:

je: -ais

tu: -ais

il/elle/on: -ait

nous: -ions

vous: -iez

ils/elles: -aient

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1. Quand j'étais petit, je vivais avec mes grands-parents

When I was young, I lived with my grand parents.

2. Nous étudiions tous les jours.

We studied everyday.

Note how there are two i's, one from the stem, and one from the ending.

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Both the passé composé and imparfait one sentence (Jesse)

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Both the passé composé and imparfait one sentence (Jesse)

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Les exemples:

1. Il faisait beau quand soudain il a plu

It was sunny when suddenly it rained.

2. Nous marchions quand il nous a parlé.

We were walking when he talked to us.