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In a group of 3-4 (20 min) (post below):

Explore how Anderson uses the trope of "speaking to the dead" to explain their value of exhumation of people and events for the purpose of "unity." Explain with a quote from the chapter.

Connect to the dominant narrative of "Great Patriotic War" (Zhurzhenko et al)

Add a visual metaphor (from your own search) - how visually we may define this "exhumation/dead" trope of nationalism

Join other group representatives (7 min each - two rounds) to share your findings/connections.

Afterwards, add at least one connection with either of the groups (you may add it in this section with a reference to the group name)

Ex. after sharing with two groups, our group deeply connected to the concept and visual metaphor of the group on ____. For example, ...

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In a group of 3 (20 min) (post below):

Explore how Zhurzhenko et al frame the divided nation through the concept of "common history" and "Banderists" (from Russian media) to divide the nation of Ukraine. Explain with a quote from the article.

Connect to the idea of propaganda (Snyder)

Add a visual metaphor (from your own search) - how visually we may define this the concept of "common" history

Join other group representatives (7 min each - two rounds) to share your findings/connections.

Afterwards, add at least one connection with either of the groups (you may add it in this section with a reference to the group name)

Ex. after sharing with two groups, our group deeply connected to the concept and visual metaphor of the group on ____ about the memory of "common history" For example, ...

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In a group of 3-4 (20 min) (post below):

Explore how Zhurzhenko et al frame the divided nation through the concept of " of the Russkiy mir" to divide the nation of Ukraine. Explain with a quote from the article.

Connect to the idea of imperialism (Hrytsak)

Add a visual metaphor (from your own search) - how visually we may define this the concept of "Russkiy mir"

Join other group representatives (7 min each - two rounds) to share your findings/connections.

Afterwards, add at least one connection with either of the groups (you may add it in this section with a reference to the group name)

Ex. after sharing with two groups, our group deeply connected to the concept and visual metaphor of the group on ____ about the memory of "common history" For example, ...

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In a group of 3 (20 min) (post below):

Explore how Constant Méheut claims on the profit of war on the elites in Ukraine to divide the nation of Ukraine. Explain with a quote from the article.

Connect to the tragedy of Ukraine (pp. 59 - 60) from Petro

Add a visual metaphor (from your own search) - how visually we may define this the concept of profits of war - the role of oligarchs

Join other group representatives (7 min each - two rounds) to share your findings/connections.

Afterwards, add at least one connection with either of the groups (you may add it in this section with a reference to the group name)

Ex. after sharing with two groups, our group deeply connected to the concept and visual metaphor of the group on ____ about the memory of "common history" For example, ...

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In a group of 3 (20 min) (post below):

Explore how Farah Stockman defines the role of oligarchs as an existential threat to Ukraine's victory

Connect to at least two threads from "Exit Ticket Emerging Themes - Synthesis Brainstorming" (April 16 optional reading) - Explain

Add a visual metaphor (from your search) - how visually we may define this existential threat in the context of war

Join other group representatives (7 min each - two rounds) to share your findings/connections.

Afterwards, add at least one connection with either of the groups (you may add it in this section with a reference to the group name)

Ex. after sharing with two groups, our group deeply connected to the concept ____ of the group on ____ about ___ For example, ...

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"The persistence of such incidents has led some analysts to conclude that the current conflict with Russia is simply too profitable for the current Ukrainian elites to give up." (Page 60)

We can see how the Elites in Ukraine don't want the conflict to end because they are getting a lot of profits from this war. This battle between the West and East is something they don't wanna stop because they don't wanna lose these huge profits.

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“'Oligarchs have all the resources they need to get their influence back,' Mr. Maliuska said. 'The risk is still present.,'” (Méheut). I find this as a connection to the concept of needing to find a leader and how that contributes to Ukrainian tragedy. Or, in other words, how history repeats itself when people have access to too much power. “It is, rather, a set of consequences that unfold in response to the loss of order,” (Petro). I find this idea really fascinating due to the fact that this is relatable to so many different events today. We are subject to consequences that hunger for power creates. But also to the failure that loss of system and order creates. Some of our biggest problems have occurred when people look to political figures for reassurance. It gives them an unnecessary amount of power.

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Corruption in Ukraine has always been a problem and as many Ukrainians know their government has failed them time and time again throughout their countless attempts at gaining independence. The Ukrainian government has been reaping big profits off of prolonging the war, with no care of the countless lives being lost or forever changed.

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In the reading, Anderson mentioned the Thirteen Colonies and how profound it is for a group of people to establish a whole new independent nation. He states, "This independence, and the fact that it was a republican independence, was felt to be something unprecedented, yet at the same time, once in existence, absolutely reasonable" (192). The author presents the idea of a New World and the Old World. I see this as a way of humans advancing. As they experience life their views and values alter. They create something new to aid the void they feel inside. This can be comparable to the people of Ukraine, where they felt the need to establish a new nation where they have a sense of belongingness and express their new sense of culture and values that are apart from the Russians.

The picture below visually compares the idealism of new and old:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fhistory%2Farticle%2F131208-roanoke-lost-colony-discovery-history-raleigh&psig=AOvVaw3AlHgxdYc2KnLtoo0-KyUA&ust=1713375875509000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBIQjRxqFwoTCLjjtdWkx4UDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE

This image is of Roanoke Island, also known as the Lost Colony. Anderson mentions Roanoke as an old civilization, but at the time it was new to them. I can compare his ideology to the Ukraine conflict and how obscurity in identity was present for decades, and it wasn't until the 1990s that they coveted the need to physically separate from the Russians. Even though Ukrainians have inherited their cultures and their history, the feeling of independence and the values they harbor are different from the Russians. This call correlates to the context of awakening since it is a collective effort to divide a nation.

CONNECTION GROUP 5

When conversing with my peers I have a better understanding of the history between Ukraine and Russia. Even though Ukraine is a democracy, they are labeled the second most corrupt nation. This is perplexing since many nations are funding Ukraine, and being labeled as 'corrupt' can cause further trauma amongst the Ukrainian people.

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"Russkiy mir is exported beyond Russia's borders and in particular to Ukraine by various state-sponsored institutions, [...] [the Russiky Mir Foundation is one example that] promotes the Russian narrative of imperial history and the Russian interpretation of the history of WWII."

These implementations through the concept of the "russiky mir" are ways Russia further divides the nation of Ukraine.

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In a group of 3 (20 min) (post below):

Explore how Anderson uses the trope of "awakening" to justify national rhetoric in the Europe after the Declaration of Independence. Explain with a quote from the chapter.

Connect to the idea of memory laws or other narrative of memory threats (W1 - 3 readings)

Add a visual metaphor (from your own search) - how visually we may define this "awakening" trope of nationalism

Join other group representatives (7 min each - two rounds) to share your findings/connections.

Afterwards, add here at least one connection with either of the groups (you may add it in this section with a reference to the group name)

Ex. after sharing with two groups, our group deeply connected to the concept and visual metaphor of the group on Zhurzhenko about the memory of "common history" after the WWII ("Great Patriotic War"). For example, ...

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Imperialism is evident in the history of Ukraine and Russia. While Russia uses other methods such as aggressive propaganda, the use of military force to intimidate Ukrainians is also a large part of their tactics to control Ukraine. The text states “the support of the Russian language and culture, the foundation also promotes the Russian narrative of imperial history and the Russian interpretation of the history of WWII” (Zhurzhenko et al). In order to maintain Ukraine under its power, Russia has a tendency to use military powers and several other tactics.

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Tatiana Zhurzhenko's article explores how identity politics and propaganda in Ukraine reinforce narratives of national division, intensifying tensions and shaping public perception. She analyzes the impact of both domestic and international identity-based propaganda on Ukraine’s political and social divides.

Timothy Snyder, in "The War in Ukraine Is a Colonial War," discusses Russia’s use of propaganda to justify its colonial ambitions in Ukraine. He outlines how Russia frames its invasion as a protective and historical act, manipulating historical narratives to support its imperialist goals. This propaganda supports military actions and aims to reshape the collective memory and identity of Russians and Ukrainians toward a unified Russian empire.

Both articles highlight the role of propaganda in constructing political narratives that support specific agendas, whether in internal divisions within Ukraine or in Russia’s imperial ambitions. Propaganda is central to shaping perceptions and justifying actions that perpetuate conflict and division, embedding these struggles within larger historical and geopolitical narratives.

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Within the context of post-independence Europe, particularly in the 19th century, Anderson demonstrates how the notion of awakening to national consciousness serves as a powerful means of justifying nationalist ideologies and movements. One significant concept that Anderson presents is the concept of 'print-capitalism' and its role in promoting a sense of collective identity among diverse populations through the use of vernacular languages. He argues that the widespread availability of printed materials in local languages facilitated the creation of imagined communities, allowing individuals to connect with others who shared their language and cultural background, ultimately contributing to the development of a national consciousness. "The convergence of capitalism and print technology on the fatal diversity of human language created the possibility of a new form of imagined community, which in its basic morphology set the stage for the modern nation." According to Anderson, the rise of print-capitalism played a crucial role in promoting nationalist ideals as it enabled the widespread distribution of literature and newspapers in local languages. This, in turn, helped to bring together diverse communities under a common sense of national identity. Anderson's theory on the impact of print-capitalism on national consciousness brings to light the significance of controlling narratives and historical representations in preserving a unified national identity. This can be connected to the concept of memory laws, which serve as a means for governments to regulate the remembrance and commemoration of historical events. By enforcing a specific version of the past, states aim to strengthen their legitimacy and foster a sense of national unity. Therefore, Anderson's examination of the process of developing a national consciousness intertwines with the issues surrounding memory and commemoration, underscoring the intricate interplay between collective memory and nationalist ideologies.

https://i0.wp.com/www.toonsmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Capitalism-and-the-Eartyh-8b-col.jpg

This is an image/cartoon showing how capitalism is a way used as a way to take from citizens and to be greedy and this is what Anderson wanted us to become more aware about.

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This is image is called The Bosses of the Senate by Joseph Keppler. It shows the rich people as bigger people because they have power over the senate. This image relates to what my peers said above about how once someone has lots of power, they can have the ability to do something horrific which is what is happening in Ukraine now. Putin has so much power that he decided to use that power and invaded Ukraine. The Ukrainian government is also not putting an end to this war. They are still fighting this war which made me think about how the concept of oligarchy connects to the invasion.

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This visual depicts the Cathedral of Moscow, which is one of the most known cultural symbols of Russia, shown behind the statues of Minin & Pozharsky, national heroes. This is a great representation of "Russkiy Mir" or the global influence Russia carries regarding military, political, and cultural aspects.

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Did Ivan the Terrible really poke out the eyes of the architects of St. Basil's?

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There's a widespread myth that Tsar Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Postnik and Barma after they had completed work on St. Basil's Cathedral...

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Anderson writes on page 198, "Michelet not only claimed to speak on behalf of large numbers of anonymous dead people, but insisted, with poignant authority, that he could say what they 'really' meant and 'really' wanted, since they themselves 'did not understand.' From then on, the silence of the dead was no obstacle to the exhumation of their deepest desires. In this vein, more and more 'second-generation' nationalists, in the Americas and elsewhere, learned to speak 'for' dead people with whom it was impossible or undesirable to establish a linguistic connection. " In this, I believe Anderson is explaining how the living speak for the dead and what exactly that means, he goes on to further explain by providing examples from a variety of places. He is saying that the living have the final say in the stories of the dead and when used to their advantage can bring unity and hope to those they communicate the stories to, I believe it is similar to how who wins the war has the power to portray it in the way they want.

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Stockman's readings directly connect to the theme of corruption in Ukraine. Corruption is a common enemy in Ukraine, acknowledged by Ukraininas to be its biggest problem besides the invasion. Ukrainians wish to reduce the power that oligarchs have over the politics and the media. One prominent issue is access to wealth declarations, which have helped expose corruption. Lawmakers want to keep these declarations private for a year or more.

Another theme that connects to Stockman's article is Ukrainian national identity. This is important. because, following the Maidan revolutuion, Ukrainians still wanted to break free from the rule of the oligarchs. Ukrainians together acknowledge the importance of elimianting corruption. Over 83,000 Ukrainians signed a petition against the law making welath declarations closed to the public.

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"The Great Patriotic War" is used to describe a period the Soviet Union was fighting the Nazis on the Western front of the Iron Curtain. The celebration surrounding this great victory over Germany often overlooks Ukraine's role in the conflict. During that time, Ukraine was developing its own national identity and revolting against the Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union won the war, due to Stalin now an ally, was given the power to control Eastern Europe including Ukraine. This ties back to the Anderson article regarding the Spaniards during many of their conflicts during the 19th century. They used many of their natives to help with the war efforts yet after winning were able to gain more control over the indigious groups.

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How Zhurzhenko et al frame Ukraine as a divided nation

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How Zhurzhenko et al frame Ukraine as a divided nation

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Russia's propagandization of Ukraine in Russia media has long been used a tool as a justification for Russia's history of military advances. An example of this propaganda is Russia's reference to their relationship with Ukraine through the lens of a "common history"; Russian media often portrays Ukraine as culturally and historically inseparable from Russia, downplaying Ukraine's unique history, diminishing Ukrainian's national identity. This has exacerbated internal divisions in Ukraine and reinforces the idea that Ukraine should be subservient to Russian influences. Another example of this propaganda comes in the form of the use of the term, "Banderists", which is what Russian media refers to Ukraine nationalists as, this term unfairly associations the group,Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), with Nazis, attaching them as collaborators with one of the most evil military forces ever constructed. This is again another justification tool used by Russians to orchestrate their attacks on Ukraine, claiming that Ukraine nationalists are partially responsible for the loss of soviet lives on WW2, and paints them as a threat to the nation's stability and peace. This quote from the reading demonstrates this effort to demonize Ukraine nationalists, "Moscow instrumentalized the issue of collaboration of Ukrainian nationalists with the Nazis during WWII to compromise Yushchenko's politics in the eyes of the West. The Orange government in Kyiv was presented by the Russian media as direct heirs to the 'Banderists', that are Ukrainian nationalists who 'shot the Soviet soldiers in the back'"

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Oligarchs are a threat to Ukraine's victory

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Oligarchs are a threat to Ukraine's victory

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Quote: "Yuriy Nikolov . . . broke stories about the Ukrainian Defense Ministry paying huge markups for supplies — 46 cents for eggs that should have cost five cents, $86 for winter coats that were worth just $29" (Stockman).

In the article, the issue of corruption in Ukraine is second to the Russian invasion. This quote is an example of the many ways the Ukrainian government has been called out for corruption. Stockman also describes how there is evidence found of lawmakers were going on vacation during the Russian invasion and a judge from Ukraine's Supreme Court hid thousands of dollars worth of bribe money in jars.

Corruption in Ukraine will hurt Ukraine because of the support that they will lack. In the article in states, "it [corruption] risks undermining the American support that Ukraine desperately needs" (Stockman).

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Here's a visual representation of how common history is defined and how it affects people, their knowledge, and development.

Roots: The roots would be any history that is taught or shown to someone. In this case, it can be past wars, current issues, or propaganda being showed to people and understanding of something that has happened already.

Stem: The stem would be how a person would understand and perceive the information being told/taught to them. This can be personal opinions and self-reflection of what has been said to them but this isn't what is how to others.

Bud: Buds would be how you present yourself based on this information to others and the outside world. So these aren't inner thoughts but instead how you translate those thoughts to the outside world.

Seed: The seed would be how you share and explain the knowledge that's gained by whoever you are sharing with. You are planting your information and opinions to other people for them to learn and gain background knowledge.

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Anderson first describes the "awakening" trope in chapter 11. "In Europe, the new nationalisms almost immediately began to

imagine themselves as 'awakening from sleep,' a trope wholly foreign

to the Americas". (Anderson 195). I believe that with this quote Anderson is trying to explain how Europeans felt with new found freedom. The Declaration of Independence brought upon a new found feeling for the nationalists that could only really ever be described as finally waking up from a long slumber. This "awakening" is also used as a way to describe how they finally opened their eyes to the fact that their world had changed and maybe it was for the better.

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Exhumation of an anonymous historical nationalist's beliefs

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Exhumation of an anonymous historical nationalist's beliefs

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Our concepts relate to one another because both depict the ways in which Russia has used their power in military, money, etc in order to keep Ukraine silenced and unwilling to fight back.

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After Talking with group 4 we found similarities in how Russia has this power over Ukraine and doesn't let them do things independently from Russia. This ties back to our group 5 in how these Ukrainian elites have so much power in Ukraine and don't want the war to end for fear of losing their profits and power.

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Group 5 also discussed oligarchs. Both of our groups had a topic that connected to corruption in Ukraine because of the influence that oligarchs have. It is dangerous that they have such immense power despite the fact that they are a handful of people with influence over many

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Our group connected with the concept of the living speaking for the dead and how that is essentially the winners' ability to communicate the story and Russia's efforts to erase Ukraine of its identity makes me think about how Ukraine could eventually fall to the same fate as other countries due to Russias efforts.

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Elliot Keifer

One connection that I discussed with a member of group 3 was how their concepts of propaganda related to the idea of "Russkiy mir" and the ways that Russia implemented misinformation in order to encourage a divide in Ukraine.

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I think the theme of corruption with Group 6, them focusing on oligarchy and our group focusing on mistreatment of minority groups, was a really strong theme that tied our two groups readings together.

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I was in group 5 and we connected about the power of capitalism and power that political figures have in these issues

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Something that is similar between our group and group 4 is the idea of knowledge and how we learn stuff. The roots of the metaphor is connected to who is teaching and what they want you to know. Just like Russia in WW2 talked about by group 4.

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The concepts talked about in our group 6 is the internal and external corruption seen, internally Ukraine oligarchies and media use their influence to divide the national, while Russians used propaganda to justify their attacks on Ukraine, both further to hurt Ukraine's idea of an identity.

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Zhurzhenko and Snyder discuss propaganda shaping political narratives and identity, while Anderson's "awakening" trope describes European nationalism's transformative narratives. Both emphasize narrative's power in redefining history and mobilizing public sentiment.

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After sharing with the other groups, a deep connection between topics shared was the use of past old things as newer better things, like Past historical nationalist opinions, are resued and expanded on in the future, just like the idea of the new world and old world being the same place but the ‘New’ place is better, has a new identity, or has changed political powers. But it is the same place as the ‘old’

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Nationalist awakening (Group 1) connection with exhumation of nationalist beliefs

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Nationalist awakening (Group 1) connection with exhumation of nationalist beliefs

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This is a sequential connection I found regarding how the emergence of a sense of nationalism in the past can be built upon and "exhumed" in a sense in present-day Ukraine, how their past development and periodical staggers is tied with their nationalist roots and resurfacing of identity.