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1901: Establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia

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1901: Establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia

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In 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia was established, but the original Constitution made little mention of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, essentially excluding them from being counted in the census and participating in Parliamentary laws specifically concerning them.

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1962 marked a pivotal year where Indigenous Australians were granted the right to vote in federal elections, a significant step forward in recognising Indigenous people's rights within the country.

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The 1967 referendum was a landmark event, where an overwhelming majority voted for amendments to the Australian Constitution. These changes allowed the Commonwealth to make laws for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and for them to be counted in the census.

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In 1972, the Aboriginal Tent Embassy was established on the lawns of Parliament House in Canberra to protest for land rights and sovereignty for Aboriginal people, marking an iconic moment in the fight for Indigenous recognition.

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The High Court of Australia's Mabo Decision in 1992 legally recognised that Indigenous people had a special relationship to the land that predates the arrival of British settlers, leading to the legal acknowledgment of native title in Australia.

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In 2008, the Prime Minister of Australia made a historic apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples, especially the Stolen Generations, for past laws and policies of forced child removal and assimilation. This was a watershed moment in the journey towards reconciliation.

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In 2017, the Uluru Statement from the Heart was issued by the First Nations National Constitutional Convention, calling for a First Nations Voice to Parliament enshrined in the Constitution and a Makarrata Commission to supervise a process of agreement-making and truth-telling between Australian governments and Indigenous people.

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2023: Referendum for Indigenous Voice to Parliament (Proposed)

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2023: Referendum for Indigenous Voice to Parliament (Proposed)

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As of 2023, there is a proposal for a referendum to establish an Indigenous Voice to Parliament within the Australian Constitution. This seeks to provide Indigenous Australians a more direct say in matters affecting their lives.