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Morality is actions of what is considered good or bad

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An implicit agreement which members follow the agreed rules of the community. You agree on certain rules and regulations that are mutually beneficial assuming that others hold up their end of the bargain.

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The blog that made me think in new ways

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Thomas Hobbes and John Locke

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The Social Contract - Thomas Hobbes & John Locke

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Believes that the state of nature is completely chaotic. Humans are savages, there is would be no safety and security or trust. There would be no development just survival everyday.

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Hobbes believed that humans are selfish and rational. He believed that rational beings wouldn't want to live in such nature so they collectively come together and find how to live together. They have to give up their freedom. They will hand over their power to a sovereignty. The sovereign has unlimited power.

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We collectively agree to follow rules and laws that the sovereign give us as long as they fulfill their part of maintaining peace and a safe environment. We cannot go against them. The sovereign is the only thing between us and the state of nature.

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One important criticism of Hobbe's theory is that if a sovereign has unlimited power it can create a state of nature that Hobbe is trying to avoid. I think this is an important point when discussing social contract theory because people may abuse their power. Additionally I do not necessarily agree with the state of nature Hobbe portrays. Although humans can be selfish, ruthless, and violent but they also having a nurturing and caring side.

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I never thought about how humans go from a state of nature to having morals and ethics. Since our morals have been instilled in us when we were young it is interesting to think about how they were first formed. This theory was also extremely interesting for me because is centered around the fact that people are selfish. The fact that each person is looking out for themselves but it works because you make an agreement is fascinating. Another thing that I thought a lot about is the fact that with this theory once someone breaks the rules they release our obligation towards them. The U.S. is a country built on social contract theory and this explains how unforgiving their government system is.

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Believes that state of nature is freedom for human beings. Humans were bound by natural law and natural rights: life, liberty and property. We are born and created equally.

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We grant limited power to a government to ensure that the 3 natural rights are being preserved. The government judges if people violate them and punish those who do. We give up some freedom to pursue the idea of liberty and justice for all and remain impartial.

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Locke didn't believe in having a sovereign with unlimited power. If the people are not happy with the government they are allowed to overthrow the government.

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Moral decision making should prioritize compassion, empathy, and the well-being of others especially in personal relationships and caregiving roles. Humans are interconnected and have relationships. This framework challenges traditional ethical theories like Kantian ethics and utilitarianism.

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Argues that the core of ethics is relationships. The family and home are the base of ethical identity.

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Assistant to Kohlberg at Harvard where it was an extremely male dominant environment. Notices that Kohlberg doesn't include women in his research but uses it as if it applied to all people. Came up with her own stages of moral development that refuted Kolhber's idea that women couldn't understand morality.

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Argues that care is foundational to morality and justice. She says that the ethics of care is a normative ethical theory that emphasizes the critical role of care and compassion in moral decision making.

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Discussed Claudia Card who had alternative thesis' such as ethics of justice and care and the other being ethics of responsibility and rights.

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Discussing this was challenging because it discussed gender-related aspects of ethics which is quite a complex and sensitive issues. It frustrates me that even in today's society there is an unequal distribution of responsibilities within families and society. To manage the challenge I took a empathetic approach and really considered all the ethicists perspectives. In the end I found myself agreeing the most with Claudia card that acknowledges justice and care are responsibilities for both genders. There are still many challenges to overcome when it comes to feminism especially within the field of ethics.

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In order to enhance the blog I would explore intersectionality in ethics and its significance. This includes considering factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic statues, and gender identity. Exploring all these aspects is important especially when talking about ethic of care that should ensure that even the vulnerable are cared for.

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1. Ethical Subjectivism: Religion

2. Ethics from the Far East: Confucius and The Bhagavad Gita

3. Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke

4. Deontology: Hume, Rachels, Kant

5. Utilitarianism

6. The Dhammapada

7. The continental shift: Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Freud

8. Women's rights

9. Ethics of care & Ethics as fairness: Nodding, Gilligan

10. Race: Kendi and Hooks

11. Animal ethics: Dewaal & Sapolsky

12. Wilson & Tragedy of the Commons

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What I now understand after going through the course.

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Each module introduced me to diverse philosophical perspectives and ethical theories that have enriched my understanding of morality. I loved delving into ethical subjectivism which allowed me to recognize the role of individual beliefs and culture influences in shaping moral values. Exploring Eastern philosophies helped my understand my culture more in depth. Social contract theory really stuck with me as it showed how complex theories can be and the challenges you might endure. There is a delicate balance between individual rights and collective responsibilities. There were various other modules that were just as interesting and thought challenging that has overall equipped me with a more comprehensive understanding of morality and ethics. This course has encouraged me to think critically, empathize with diverse perspectives and reflect on my own ethical framework. I believe this would contribute to my growth as an informed and morally conscious individual.

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Visual for every module

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Ethics from the Far East: Confucius and The Bhagavad Gita

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Ethics from the Far East: Confucius and The Bhagavad Gita