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Period Characteristics

Realism
1850-1900

1. Feelings of disillusionment.
2. Common subjects: slums of rapidly growing cities, factories replacing farmlands, poor factory workers, corrupt politicians.
3. Represented the manner and environment of everyday life and ordinary people as realistically as possible (Regionalism).
4. Sought to explain behavior (psychologically/socially).

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Mark Twain
-Huckleberry Finn

Jack London
-Call of the Wild
-"To Build a Fire"

Stephen Crane
-"The Open Boat"

Ambrose Bierce
-"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"

Kate Chopin
-"Story of an Hour"
-The Awakening

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It was a dominant current in French art between 1850 and 1880. In the early 1830s the painters of the Barbizon school espoused realism in their faithful reproduction of the landscape near their village.

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In favor of depictions of 'real' life, the Realist painters used common laborers, and ordinary people in ordinary surroundings engaged in real activities as subjects for their works.

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As such, realism in its broad sense has comprised many artistic currents in different

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Modernism
1900-1950

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World War I
1914-1918

The Great Depression
1929-1939

World War II
1939-1945

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1. Sense of disillusionment and loss of faith in the "American Dream": the independent, self-reliant, individual will triumph.
2. Emphasis on bold experimentation in style and form over the traditional.
3. Interest in the inner workings of the human mind (ex. Stream of consciousness).

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Lorraine Hansberry
-A Raisin in the Sun

F. Scott Fitzgerald
-The Great Gatsby

William Faulkner
-"A Rose for Emily"

Eudora Welty
-"A Worn Path"

Robert Frost
-poetry

T. S. Eliot
-The Waste Land
-"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"

John Steinbeck
-Of Mice and Men
-The Grapes of Wrath

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The causes of the Great Depression included slowing consumer demand, mounting consumer debt, decreased industrial production and the rapid and reckless expansion of the U.S. stock market.

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Some scholars argue that the "start" of WWII was in 1937 when Japan invaded China instead of when Germany invaded Poland.

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The 1920s in America marked a period of economic prosperity and cultural change. This era is often referred to as the "Roaring Twenties", and it was seen as a flourishing economy, technological advancements, and significant shifts in societal norms. And this concept of the American Dream during this time was heavily influenced by notions of success, individualism, and materialism.

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The Great Gatsby, that was published in 1925, encapulated the essence of the American Dream during this period. And these aspects and contraditionns of the American Dream during the 1920s had shaped the cultural landscape of the time, leaving a lasting impact on American society and perceptions of success.

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While some indivudal acheived unprecendented succces, many other had faced economic hardship, espeically farmers and workers in traditional industries.

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The 1950s were the atomic age of science and technology.

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The space race began in the 1950s, fueled by the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to achieve milestones in space exploration. The launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviets in 1957 marked the beginning of the space age.

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The 1950s witnessed the emergence of rock 'n' roll music, with artists like Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard breaking new ground and capturing the imaginations of young people around the world.

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Harlem Renaissance
"The Jazz Age"
"The Roaring 20s"

1920–1940

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"The New Negro Movement"
1919-1925

Prohibition
1920-1933

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1.Black cultural movement in Harlem, New York
2.Some poetry rhythms based on spirituals and jazz, lyrics on the blues, and diction from the street talk of the ghettos
3. Other poetry used conventional lyrical forms

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James Weldon Johnson

Claude McKay

Countee Cullen

Langston Hughes (poetry)

Zora Neale Hurston

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The 1920s was the first decade to have the a nicknames"Roaring 20s" or "Jazz Age". It was a decade of propserity and dissipation, and of jazz bands,bootleggeers, raccoon coats, bathtub gin, flappers, and many more.

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1920 will be remembered as the year when the League of Nations was created, the 19th Amendment was passed in America, giving women the right to vote, and a flight from London to South Africa took 45 days.

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The 60s and 70s

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The 1960s and early 1970s represented a period of large-scale portent in United States history. Recognizable movements during the period included the anti-Vietnam War campaign, the civil rights movement, and last but not least, the counterculture.

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One enduring image of the counterculture movement is that of hippies, who were mostly white, middle-class, young Americans. Many felt alienated from their own lifestyles, which they viewed as too focused on material goods. and comsumerism.

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The 80s

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During the 1980s, conservative politics and Reaganomics held sway as the Berlin Wall crumbled and new computer technologies emerged.

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980 United States presidential election: Republican challenger and former Governor Ronald Reagan of California defeats incumbent Democratic President Jimmy Carter, exactly one year after the beginning of the Iran hostage crisis.

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The 90s

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The 90s saw the rise of the Internet, with the World Wide Web becoming widely accessible. Personal computers became common in households, with Windows 95 and the launch of Internet Explorer in 1995 being significant milestones.

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Movies and TV: Blockbuster films like "Titanic" (1997), "Jurassic Park" (1993), and "The Matrix" (1999) defined the era. Television saw the rise of popular shows like "Friends" (1994-2004), "The X-Files" (1993-2002), and "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" (1990-1996).

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Contemporary "Postmodernism"
1950–present

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Korean War
1950-1953

Vietnam War
1954-1975

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1. Influenced by studies of media, language, and information technology.
2. Sense that little is unique; culture endlessly duplicates itself.
3. New literary forms and techniques: works composed of only dialogue, or combining fiction and nonfiction, experimenting with physical appearance of their work.

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Alice Walker

Wallace Stevens

e.e. cummings

Maya Angelou

Anne Sexton

James Baldwin

Richard Wright

Sandra Cisneros

Amy Tan

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Many postmodernists hold more one or more of the follwing views.

1: There is no objective reality.

2: There is no scientific or historical truth.

3: Science and technology are not vehicles of human progress but suspect instrument of established power.

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The armed conflict in Korea, which began in 1950, lasted three years and claimed the lives of millions of Korean soldiers and civilians on both sides, hundreds of thousands of Chinese soldiers, and more than 36,000 U.S. soldiers.

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"The Help"

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The novel takes place in Jackson, Mississippi, in 1962, during the time of Jim Crow segregation. In summary, The Help concerns two black maids working in white households who build a relationship with a young woman and come to explore the radical divisions of time.