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The pathogen that causes syphilis infection is treponema pallidum.

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There are four stages of syphilis and they all come with different symptoms.

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The symptoms of the first stage is a sore that is round, firm, and painless on the penis, vagina, anus, rectum, lips, or mouth. The sore will go away on its own without treatment, however you will then go into the secondary stage.

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The secondary stage will begin while your other sore is healing or a few weeks after. The symptoms of the secondary stage include; rashes on the palm of your hands or on the bottom of your feet, fever, sore throat, hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue. The symptoms from this stage will resolve on its own, but without treatment you will go into the latent stage.

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The latent stage of syphilis has no signs or symptoms, however it can still spread to others and possibly go into the tertiary stage.

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The tertiary stage could begin 10 to 30 years after initial infection. This effects your heart, blood vessels, brain, and the nervous system. The symptoms include severe headaches, changes to your mental state, changes to your vision, blindness, hearing loss, vertigo, and many more.

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Pregnant women with untreated syphilis have a 40% chance of giving birth to a still born or their baby die as a new born due to infection. Babies born with syphilis may experience bone damage, severe anemia, enlarged liver or spleen, jaundice, nerve problems, rashes, and many more.

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The treatment for syphilis includes a single injection of penicillin. This can cure the primary, secondary, or early latent stages. If you are in the late stages or have an unknown duration the CDC recommends three doses of penicillin at weekly intervals.

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Condoms and abstaining from sex are the only ways to prevent syphilis.

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There has been two experimental studies involving injecting people with syphilis and not giving them treatment. These are the Tuskeggee experiment and the Guatamala experiment.