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July, 16 1945

The US Manhattan Project successfully tested the first atomic bomb with the test code "Trinity" in New Mexico.

Aug., 6 1945

The US dropped the atomic bomb "Little Boy" in Japanese city Hiroshima.

Aug., 9 1945

The US dropped the atomic bomb "Fat Man" in Japanese city Nagasaki, which directly led to the end of the WWII in the Pacific that Japan immediately surrendered.

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The Soviet Union responds with their first nuclear weapon test of RDS-1 in Kazakhstan. The technology is immensely similar to the "Fat man" bomb that the United States used against Japan, suggesting Soviet spying and increasing mistrust between the countries. This launch is far quicker than the United States expected.

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The UK carried out nuclear tests in Western Australia.

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Under codename Ivy Mike, the first successful American-initiated hydrogen bomb was tested. It is 100x stronger than atomic bomb. Referred to as a "thermonuclear" weapon.

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The USSR carried out their first hydrogen bomb (RDS-37) test. There is also nuclear fallout in the surrounding areas of Kazakhstan

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Testing of another of the United States' nuclear weapons causes a nuclear fallout with radioactive particles causing harm at Castle Bravo in the Marshall Islands.

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Eisenhower launched his ‘New Look’ foreign policy which includes using nuclear weapons, massive retaliation, and the use of brinkmanship.

Khrushchev established the Warsaw Pact, and its members devised plans to wage nuclear war against NATO.

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The USSR created its first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) named Soviet R-7, which created US fears of a missile gap between the Soviet Union and the US.

Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite, was launched, which symbolizes the beginning of the space race between the US and the USSR.

The International Atomic Energy Agency, or IAEA. was established in Vienna, Austria.

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The US launched its own satellite, Explorer 1 tested their own Atlas ICBMs.

France became the world’s fourth nuclear power.

The United States establishes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to combat the Soviet space program and fight the "missile gap" and superior Soviet technology. During this year, 100 nuclear tests are carried outby the three nuclear powers.

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The Polaris submarines were deployed by the US.

Luna 1 was launched by the USSR.

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February 13th - First French nuclear test in Reganne, Algeria, (Sahara Desert). It has a yield of 60-70 kilotons.

A yield is a measure of how explosive/energy given out in explosion. Measured in TNT.

July 20th - US submarine USS George Washington successfully launches a Polaris missile from underwater.

November 15 - USS George Washington and its 16 Polaris A1s begin their first patrol.
U.S. deploys the Atlas and Titan ICBMs.

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February 1 - US launch Minuteman I missile. (as depicted in picture above)

September 1 - USSR resumes nuclear testing.

September 15 - US resumes nuclear testing.

October 31 - USSR explodes the world's largest nuclear bomb, with a yield of 58 megatons.

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April: First Titan I ICBMs go on alert at Lowry AFB, Colo.

July 6 - Project Sedan, a "Plowshare Program test", is conducted; formed a 1,280-foot diameter by 320 foot deep crater.

July 8 - Electromagnetic pulse from high-altitude nuclear test turns off street lights in Oahu, Hawaii.

October 16 to 28 - The Cuban Missile Crisis occurs. The closest the world has ever come to nuclear war.

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June 20 - The US and USSR sign the 'hot line' agreement.

August 5 - Limited Test Ban Treaty signed by the US, USSR and the UK, prohibiting tests of nuclear devices in the atmosphere, outer space and underwater.

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October 16th - China explodes its first atomic bomb at the Lop Nur test site. It was an uranium 235 implosion fission device named "596" and has a yield of 22 kilotons.

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January 17 - U.S. B-52 bomber crashes near Palomares, Spain with four unarmed hydrogen bombs. All four bombs are recovered.

September 24 - First French atomic bomb tested at Muruoa Atoll.
U.S. Minuteman ICBM enters service.

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January 27 - Outer Space Treaty bans nuclear weapons being placed on any celestial body, or in orbit around the Earth.

February 14 - Treaty of Tlatelolco signed, creates a Latin America nuclear-weapons-free zone.

June 17 - First hydrogen bomb test by the Chinese, with a yield of 3.3 megatons.

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July 1 - Non-Proliferation Treaty opened for additional signatures.

August 24 - France tests its first hydrogen bomb at Fangataufa Atoll in the South Pacific. It has a yield of 2.6 megatons.

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March 14 - Nixon announces the decision to deploy a missile defense system called "Safeguard" to protect US ICBM fields from attack.

November to December - Preliminary Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) talks take place in Helsinki, Finland.

Above Snipshot depicts the developement of ICBMs through this period (60s)

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With both sides willing to explore accommodation, during the early 1970s it had seemed a general warming of relations that was conducive to progress in arms control talks.

August 19 - U.S. deploys the first missile with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs).

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March 30 - The first Poseidon submarine-launched ballistic missiles are introduced by the U.S.

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The first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) is signed by both superpowers after President Nixon visited Moscow. It put limits on Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) sites so that each country retained its deterrent. They also signed theInterim Agreement on Strategic Offensive Arms.

*the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty limits the countries’ deployment of missile defense systems to their national capital and one ICBM site, and SALT I, which restricts their number of nuclear missile silos and submarine-launched missile tubes for a five-year period. SALT I does not address strategic bombers or warhead arsenals.

November: SALT II treaty negotiations begin.

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In July 3, the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT) was signed in Moscow, it limits nuclear test explosions to under 150 kilotons.

In November 24, President Ford and General Secretary Brezhnev sign the Vladivostok Accord, agreeing to limit the number of strategic launchers and MIRV launchers.

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Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe emerged from two years of intense negotiations to sign the Helsinki Final Act, which recognized political borders, established military confidence building measures, created opportunities for trade and cultural exchange, and promoted human rights.

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Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe

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Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe