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I have learned how to identify different types of phrases and explain how they function in sentences. This practice has improved my ability to analyze sentence structure and understand how modifiers work. Overall, the class has helped me become more focusing in grammar and clearer in my writing English .

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Prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb

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Prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb

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“…and hightailed it in his direction…”

Analysis:

The prepositional phrase in his direction modifies the verb hightailed. It tells us where the action was aimed. Because it modifies the verb rather than a noun, it’s functions adverbially.

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Prepositional phrase functioning as an adjective 

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Prepositional phrase functioning as an adjective 

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“…sprawled accros the hood of my car.”

Analysis:

The prepositional phrase of my car modifies the noun hood, telling whose hood it is. Because the prepositional phrase gives more information about the noun, it functions adjectivally

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“…I caught my next-door namesis suspiciously sprawled across the hood of my car.”

Analysis:

The head adverb is suspiciously. It modifies the participle sprawled, showing the manner of the action. Because the whole phrase describes how the action is done , it is an adverbial phrase.

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“…Wes was still the same immature boy who’d accidentally gotten tall and mannish and a tiny bit hot…”

Analysis:

the head adjective is hot. It modified by the phrase a tiny bit, which intensifies the adjective. Because the whole group works together to describe a quality, it is an adjective phrase.

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“…the boy who’d never been innocent a day in his life.”

Analysis:

The head noun is boy.After it,there is a relative clause

( who’d never been innocent a day in his life )

that gives more detail about the noun.

Because the modifier comes after the noun, it is a noun phrase with post-noun modifiers.

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My mother taught me the golden rule of dating before I even hit the second grade.

Analysis:

The noun “rule” names the thing being taught. It’s the direct object in the sentence, and it is modified by “the,” “golden,” and “of dating.”

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At the ripe age of seven, I'd snuck into her room after having a nightmare.

Analysis:

-I’d = I had + snuck is a past participle of sneak.

-It shows an action and the subject (I) is doing something (sneaking).

-It carries tense (past perfect) which is verbs change form to show time.

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but when it speaks in a robot voice and knows your middle name, it is terrifying.

Analysis:

It’s an adjective made from a verb (terrify + -ing).The words that ending in -ing can be verbs (present participle) or adjectives, but here it’s clearly an adjective because it follows the linking verb and modifies it. It’s also describes the subject “it” by showing the emotional effect it has something that causes fear.

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At that point, it was too late to rescue me from the so-not-first-grade-friendly content.

Analysis:

The word “too” it modifies the adjective “late”, telling us to what extent it was late.Adverbs often modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs, and in this case, it’s modifying an adjective.

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After that, we shared hundreds of similar moments, exploring life together through romantic movies. It was our thing.

Analysis:

The word “After”here is a subordinating conjunction.

Because It connects the dependent clause “After that” (tells when) to the main clause

that = “we shared hundreds of similar moments…”

But here It’s not a preposition because it introduces a clause with a subject and verb, not just a noun.

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We'd snack-up and kick back on the pillows

Analysis:

“On” connects the verb “kick back” to a location.

It answers the question that  “Where are we kicking back?”

without “on” the sentence would just be “We’d kick back the pillows,” which would sound like we’re doing something to the pillows rather than relaxing on them.

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“…careful not to scuff my pretty new floral flats…”

Analysis

The head noun is flats.Before it,there are words

(my,pretty,new,floral) that describe it. Because the modifiers come before the noun,it is a noun phrase with pre-noun modifiers

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He was a dirty cheater

Analysis:

The word was it connects the subject (He) with the part that describes him( a dirty cheater ) . It does not show an action, but tells us about his state or condition.

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He usually won, but only because he was a dirty cheater.

Analysis:

The word won here is intransitive verb because it does not have a direct object. it just tells us that he was victorious, but it doesn’t say what he won.

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I checked all four tires before climbing into my car and buckling my seat belt

Analysis :

The word checked is mono-transitive because it only needs one direction object to complete its meaning. In this sentence, the direct object is all four tires. Which tells us what the speaker checked.Having just one direct object makes it a mono transitive verb.

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I gave them a closed-mouth smile.

Analysis:

The sentence I gave them a closed-mouth smile is the ditransitive verb because the verb “gave” has two objects so the receiver is “them” and the thing given is a close-mouth smile. A ditransitive verb always needs both to make sense.

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I felt closer to my mother when I watched them.

Analysis:

The sentence that “I felt closer to my mother” has a complex transitive verb because the verb “felt” needs a compliment (closer to my mother)to show the subject’s state or feeling. Without the compliment, the sentence would be incomplete.

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“Laney was great and smart”

Analysis:

In the sentence that Laney was great and smart both great and smart are simple adjective. The word and is a coordination conjunction that joins this adjectives, showing two qualities of Laney.The word smart is just a simple adjective,and both words describe Laney clearly

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“He smiled and nodded”

Analysis :

In the sentence “He smiled and nodded” both smiled and nodded are verbs. The word and is a coordination conjunction that connects these two verbs, showing that he did both actions. This structure verb + and+ verb, is used to link two actions done by the same subject

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“She would unzip her pastel pink lunch-box and wow the entire table”

Analysis :

In the sentence, she would unzip her pastel pink lunch-box, and wow the entire table there are two verb phrases which is would unzip her pastel pink lunchbox and wow the entire table the word and is coordination conjunction that connects these two verb phrases, showing that she does both actions one after the other.

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“He found the keys in the drawer and on the table”

Analysis:

The sentence “He found the keys in the drawer and on the table” clearly shows prepositional phrase + coordinating conjunction + prepositional phrase. Both “in the drawer” and “on the table” are full prepositional phrases because they have a preposition + object. The word and is a coordination conjunction that links the two prepositional phrases, showing that the action (found the keys) happened in more than one place. This makes the sentence complete and easy to understand when describing the locations.

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look at me in the mirror, and I knew she was going to be irritated.

Analysis:

The sentence “Look at me in the mirror, and I knew she was going to be irritated” has two clauses joined by the coordination conjunction and. The first is an imperative clause (“Look at me in the mirror”) with an implied subject you, and the second is an independent clause (“I knew she was going to be irritated”) with a clear subject and verb. The and connects them, making the sentence complete.

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I forgot about the reading, so I have no idea why Gatsby’s shirt made Daisy cry

Analysis:

The sentence “I forgot about the reading, so I have no idea why Gatsby’s shirt made Daisy cry” has two independent clauses joined by so. The first is “I forgot about the reading” and the second is “I have no idea why Gatsby’s shirt made Daisy cry”, which includes a dependent clause explaining the “no idea.” The so shows the result of the first action and it is coordination conjunction.

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First example of noun clause beginning with “that”

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First example of noun clause beginning with “that”

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Analysis:

It’s begins with the word that which introduces the clause, it has its own subject (you)and verb that is were going. This clause tells what the speaker knew, So it functions as the object of the verb “knew”. in other words,it gives more information about what the person knew.

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Second example with noun clause beginning with “that” 

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Second example with noun clause beginning with “that” 

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Analysis :

It starts with the word that, which introduces the clause, and it has its own subject (Wes) and verb(had screwed up). This clause explains what the fact is, so it functions as a compliment to the noun (fact).In simpler terms, it gives more information about the fact the speaker was upsets about.

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First example of a noun clause beginning with “if/whether”

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First example of a noun clause beginning with “if/whether”

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Analysis:

“ if the spot is worth it” is a noun clause because it acts as the object of the verb “know.”

It begins with “if,” which introduces the clause and shows uncertainty. Inside the clause, “the spot” is the subject and “is” is the verb.And it expresses the idea of whether the spot is worth it or not. The word “if” here shows uncertainty between two possibilities (“worth it or not”), so it functions as a noun in the sentence.

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Second example of a noun clause beginning with “if/whether”

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Second example of a noun clause beginning with “if/whether”

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Analysis:

The word “if” it acts as the object of the verb “know,” showing exactly what the speaker didn’t know. Inside the clause, he is the subject and was messing is the verb. In the other words , it tells us the thing the speaker is unsure about.

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First example of a noun clause that begins with “wh-questions”

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First example of a noun clause that begins with “wh-questions”

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Analysis:

The main clause here is “I wondered”and a noun clause that is a object of “wondered” is what he’d look like in a cowboy hat and flannel shirt, it function as the direct object of the verb wondered and It has a wh-question which is the word what begins the noun-clause.

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Second example of a noun-clause that begins with “wh-questions”

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Second example of a noun-clause that begins with “wh-questions”

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Analysis:

The main clause here is “he was watching me” and the phrase that “probably wondering why I was smiling instead of going ballistic over the packing tape incident”

Inside the participial phrase, we have why I was smiling.That is a noun clause. It introduced by why, and its function as the object of the verb wondering.

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Analysis:

“that he adored” describes the noun “cats.” It starts with the relative pronoun “that” and tells us which cats he loved.

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Analysis:

“who shall remain nameless” describes the noun “blonde.” It starts with the relative pronoun “who”and gives extra information about which blonde is meant, so it functions as an adjective.

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Adjective Clause with no relative pronoun

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Adjective Clause with no relative pronoun

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Analysis:

In “the slick marble”, there’s an adjective clause with no relative pronoun. The full version would be “the marble that was slick.” It still describes the noun “marble,” but the words “that was” are left out to make the sentence shorter.

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Analysis:

“who had invited Michael to the party in the first place” describes the noun “Wes.” It gives extra information about him and starts with the relative pronoun “who,”

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Analysis:

“where cars lined both sides of the street” describes the noun “house.” It tells us which house the sentence is talking about, and it starts with “where,”

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An example of Adverbial Clause of “Condition”

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An example of Adverbial Clause of “Condition”

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The main clause is “are you going to hurt me”

then the adverbial clause here is “if I let you in”

it start with “if” which's shows the condition and it modifies the main clause.

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An example of Adverbial clause of “time”

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An example of Adverbial clause of “time”

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The main clause here is

“She’d been pissed at me for three day”

And the Adverbial Clause here is “when I’d blown off the spring break trip to the beach” It starts with the word when which tells when she’d been pissed at me.

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An example of Adverbial Clause showing the “reason”

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An example of Adverbial Clause showing the “reason”

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The main clause here is

“Which wasn’t going to be easy”

And the adverbial clause is

start with “because” Which tells the reason of the main clause.

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An example of Adverbial Clause of “Concession”

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An example of Adverbial Clause of “Concession”

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It starts with ”although” which shows contrast

the idea that he might help me

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An example of Reduced adjective clause with “present participle”

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An example of Reduced adjective clause with “present participle”

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Analysis:

They describe Wes and give more information about his appearance and actions. These clauses are reduced by omitting the relative pronoun who and the verb was from their full forms.

the full clause:

“I couldn’t answer for a second because it was a bit jarring seeing Wes, who was standing on my porch at dusk, who was smelling lightly of musky-manly cologne, and who was looking freshly showered.”

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An example of Reduced adjective clause with “past participle

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An example of Reduced adjective clause with “past participle

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Full clause:

the new treadmill that he had bought the day before

Analysis:

The phrase “he’d bought the day before” is an adjective (relative) clause because it describes treadmill and it tells us which treadmill is.

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An example of Reduced adverbial clause with “present participle”

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An example of Reduced adverbial clause with “present participle”

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Full clause: I dropped to a squat beside her while I was running my hand over the slick marble.

Analysis:

The words “while I was” are omitted, and the verb is in -ing form, which is typical for reduced adverbial clauses. This clause is adverbial because it modifies the main action “dropped to a squat”by showing how or when the action happened, rather than describing a noun.

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An example of Reduced adverbial clause with “past participle” 

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An example of Reduced adverbial clause with “past participle” 

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Full clause:

I cracked my back and turned around in my desk chair, because I was surprised to see them

Analysis:

It explains why the main action happened, and the reduction occurs by omitting “because I was” and keeping the past participle “surprised”, which carries the meaning of the full clause.

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Adjective Clause with no relative pronoun (rewrite)

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Adjective Clause with no relative pronoun (rewrite)

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Analysis:

In “the boy I’d daydreamed about,” the clause describes the boy (A noun), and the relative pronoun (whom/that) is omitted because it functions as the object of the verb. Therefore, it’s an adjective clause without a relative pronoun.