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Helpful teaching resources around the topic.

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Juneteenth, now a federally recognized holiday, is gaining well-deserved recognition across the country. As teachers, we should foster understanding, empathy, and appreciation of African American history and culture in our classrooms throughout the year, but Juneteenth is a special opportunity to do it. Use these Juneteenth activities to spark dialogue, critical thinking, and creativity in your students while empowering them to become change agents for a more inclusive and equitable world.

Juneteenth celebrates the emancipation of enslaved African Americans in Galveston, Texas, on June 19, 1865. Prior to this date, many enslavers withheld notice of freedom from those they enslaved. Two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation had taken effect in the Confederacy (on paper), federal troops arrived in Galveston and Major General Gordon Granger finally issued the following order, informing people of emancipation: "The people of Texas are informed that in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free ...," General Orders, Number 3.

While not all African Americans in Texas were freed on this date due to refusal of their enslavers or attacks against them that lead to extreme harm or death, Juneteenth, also known as Freedom Day, Emancipation Day, Liberation Day, or Jubilee Day, is the most widely celebrated days of emancipation in the United States. In its 128th year, Black Americans continue to find ways to celebrate including cookouts, parades, public events, musical performances, activism, and community work. For educators, Juneteenth provides a beautiful opportunity to celebrate Black Americans and to teach authentic U.S. history to their students.

Here are 20 Juneteenth activities to help get you started.

1. Create pictures, posters, or journal entries

The National Museum of African American History & Culture has created a guide complete with Juneteenth activities, resources, and a book list to support students with celebrating and understanding this holiday. One activity asks students to create posters, pictures, or journal entries about changes they want to see in the world and then discuss how they can help make it happen.

2. Read books about Juneteenth

Dr. Rudine Sims Bishop tells us that books can be mirrors (see yourself reflected), windows (look through to see the experience of others), and sliding glass doors (allows us to enter that world). First, watch the video below to learn more about this important idea. Then share a selection of books that allow your students to see themselves or view the experiences of others in the context of African American history and culture. Here are some Juneteenth book recommendations from PBS Kids and Essence.

3. Watch videos and discuss with your students

For example, use this video illustrated by Los Angeles-based artist Loveis Wise and narrated by LeVar Burton. Then discuss the images and poetry in the video.

Or use this video about Juneteenth on TED Ed.

4. Create a community mural or poster campaign

Art is an accessible form of learning for students to share their understanding through creativity and expression. In this lesson from Learning for Justice, students can create public art to share their knowledge about Juneteenth with their communities.

5. Introduce and discuss primary sources like the Emancipation Proclamation

The Colorado Department of Education describes primary sources as "the raw materials of history-original documents and objects which were created at the time under study." For Juneteenth, share the Emancipation Proclamation with your students and prepare questions and discussion for your class as you study this source.

6. Read and write about Frederick Douglass' keynote "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?"

On July 5, 1852, Frederick Douglass gave this speech and stated, "The Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn." Share the speech with your students and complete a writing activity asking students about their thoughts on the Fourth of July and Frederick Douglass' speech. Did it change their perspective on the holiday?

You can watch the speech, as read by his descendants, in the video below.

7. Teach about reparations

In this lesson from Zinn Education Project, students will "take on the role of activist-experts to improve upon a Congressional bill for reparations for Black people." You can also learn from Movement for Black Lives (M4BL) and do some learning of your own on the meaning and purpose of reparations.

8. Invite a special guest to speak about Juneteenth

Penguin Random House Speakers Bureau has a list of speakers whom you can invite to speak about Juneteenth. You can also ask someone from your local community to contribute!

9. Bring Black joy to your classroom

The National Museum of African American History & Culture teaches us that Black Joy is "resistance, resilience, and reclamation." Do some self-learning by reading this article with varying perspectives on Black Joy to give you ideas of how and why to bring this into your classroom during Juneteenth and always.

11. Learn how to have a culturally responsive classroom from Unearthing Joy

Juneteenth (and always!) is an important time to evaluate your teaching practices, and Unearthing Joy by Gholdy Muhammad is the perfect place to start. In this article, you will learn all about what it means to have joy in a culturally and historically responsive classroom.

12. Celebrate Black creatives

In a time when Amanda Gorman's "The Hill We Climb" was removed from an elementary school due to a parent complaint, it continues to be important that we share the work of Black authors, artists, and creators.

13. Support local Black businesses

You can do this by sharing about businesses with your students, inviting local business owners to be guest speakers, creating advertisements, or simply purchasing from them! If you are looking for Black businesses in your area, try starting here.

14. Attend a local Juneteenth celebration

In many cities around the country, Juneteenth is celebrated with festivals, barbecues, live music, and more. If you can attend a field trip to a local celebration, do it, or spend a weekend doing a bit of celebrating on your own or with friends and family.

15. Take a virtual field trip to a Black history museum

If you can't go to a local Juneteenth celebration with your students, or if there isn't one available to you, take a virtual visit to one of these 12 museums around the country.

16. Learn the Juneteenth song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMR11wbKrmg
If you haven't heard of the YouTube channel Gracie's Corner, now is the time! Share this Juneteenth song with your class and learn the lyrics together.

17. Start a discussion with your class about freedom

In this article by Time magazine, the author writes about the varying definitions of freedom. What does freedom mean to your students? Is everyone free? Use this list of discussion protocols from Cult of Pedagogy to select which protocol will work best for your community.

18. Read and reflect about June 17, 2021

On June 17, 2021, President Joe Biden consecrated Juneteenth as a national holiday. Read his speech and have students do some reflective writing on the following question: Why did it take so long for Juneteenth to be consecrated as a national holiday?

19. Celebrate with red food and learn about its cultural significance

Like many cultural celebrations, you will often find Black Americans celebrating Juneteenth with food! Learn the history of the food eaten on this holiday including the significance of red foods.

20. Commit to anti-racism and celebrating Black history all year long

This Juneteenth, continue your journey in anti-racism and commit to lifelong learning and even unlearning potential biases. Celebrate the true, complete, and beautiful history, stories, literature, and creativity of Black Americans all year long.

What activities do you use to celebrate Juneteenth? Share in the comments.

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20 Inspiring Activities To Celebrate Juneteenth

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Get ideas for teaching Juneteenth with activities that introduce kids to the day when all slaves in the United States were finally freed.

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The history of Juneteenth acknowledges hard history while also empowering students to be advocates for change.

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How to talk to children about Juneteenth

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How to talk to children about Juneteenth

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June 19, or Juneteenth, is a holiday that commemorates the day that Texas, the last Confederate state, learned about the Emancipation Proclamation - marking the end of slavery in the United States in 1865.

But as University of Pittsburgh historian Alaina Roberts notes, it's important to remember that the emancipation of slaves didn't actually happen in one fell swoop.

"Juneteenth is a reminder that emancipation was not one moment in time: the news about the Emancipation Proclamation (which outlawed slavery within Confederate states) and the Thirteenth Amendment (which abolished slavery throughout the country) came to African Americans in different parts of the United States at different times," said Roberts, assistant professor in Pitt's Department of History in the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences.

How can we talk about Juneteenth and race with our children? To help, Pittwire sat down with Aisha White, director of the P.R.I.D.E. Program ( Positive Racial Identity Development in Early Education) in the School of Education's Office of Child Development. The goal of the P.R.I.D.E Program is to help young Black children develop a positive racial identity by supporting teachers, parents and other caregivers by providing resources that build their racial knowledge and skills.

How can we talk about Juneteenth to children?

You might not want to explain Juneteenth to kids if you don't want to explain slavery to them. It may be too scary a topic for kids that aren't old enough-and while children's ability to understand and manage that kind of information varies, it's safer to not start until they're closer to 6 or 7 years old. However, if children who are younger raise the issue, there are ways to explain it to them that won't cause anxiety.

I like to reference a TED Talk by author and scholar Beverly Daniel Tatum called "Is My Skin Brown Because I Drank Chocolate Milk?" The way she explained it to her son (who asked the question that became the title of her talk) was: A long time ago, before there were companies, stores and buildings, there were some people who needed to work the land in the United States. There was a need for smart, strong workers-and they went to Africa and brought them to the United States against their will which wasn't OK. They were people, but they were called slaves. Those people made them work, but never paid them and they were never allowed to leave the plantations where they worked; it was very unfair. But there were also good people who were working to end slavery, Black and white people, and they were eventually successful.

Of course, this is an abbreviated version and you may need to add many more details, but you will have at least covered many of the main issues.

Once you get to the part of the story where you're explaining Juneteenth, you can tell children that during that time there were no things like TV or phones to communicate; information was written in letters and carried from one place to another on horses. Not everyone got the news at the same time that slavery had ended, so it took two years for people to find out about it in Texas. But on June 19, people in that state did learn about it.

Should this story be told in a different way to a Black child than it would to a white child?

The story I described can be told to anyone. However, a white family might need to explain more explicitly that it was white people who enslaved Black people. White families should also make sure to describe how there were many white people who were allies in the struggle who helped to abolish slavery. And, it's also important for white families to be prepared to answer questions if their children ask why white people enslaved Black people.

Why is it important to talk about Juneteenth?

Juneteenth gave people freedom but it also gave them hope, something they had been longing for for a long time. Telling this particular story offers an opportunity for kids to know how important it was for people who had been treated so badly for so long to begin to experience a whole new way of life - to be truly free - and that's always something to celebrate.

How early should families be talking about race with children?

This doesn't differ between white and Black families. One way to introduce the conversation is by reading picture books. They're an easy and obvious way to introduce kids to people who don't look like them. Children need to have these conversations because they are seeing what we refer to as racial differences early. By the time a child is 3 months old, they can already notice someone whose skin color is different from their primary caregivers, just by looking at faces. They look longer at the face of someone whose skin color looks like their primary caregiver at that age. But at 6 months, they spend a longer amount of time looking at someone whose face is different from them, for example someone who is darker than their primary caregiver.

As they grow and develop, kids are taking in all the information they get from everywhere in the world, including watching television, being engaged in local activities, the covers of magazines at the grocery story. They can put two and two together, but they don't always end up with four. If we don't talk to our kids, they often make their own sense of things on their own.

How might conversations about race look different for Black families and white families?

Black families should be consistently providing uplifting information for children. In the literature, it's called racial socialization: helping kids feel good about themselves as individuals, including their facial features and hair texture. It's important they understand they're part of a larger group of people who are part of their race and feel good about that, about the things those people created and the history of those people. The messages are more protective and can serve as a preventive measure that interrupts the process of them internalizing negative attitudes about themselves they can develop as a result of living in a racialized society.

For white families, it's important to do work that interrupts white children developing a false sense of racial superiority. Parents should be stifling the idea of racial superiority-and emphasizing that goodness, smartness or kindness is not assigned to a certain race of people.

What should parents be mindful of while teaching their kids about race and racism?

If a parent chooses not to talk about race with their kids, they should know that they're actually taking an action-being silent is taking action, just the wrong kind. When a child says something that may be racially unacceptable, parents should treat it like any other conversation that they may have with children and not react in ways that are extreme. They should not shush children when they ask questions. The conversation should be natural and comfortable so that children feel free to ask questions and sometimes make mistakes. Children will easily pick up if you're uncomfortable during these conversations, so it's better to be sure you're ready to have them rather than jump into them unprepared. Parents should talk with other adults about race and racial issues in order to feel comfortable and well prepared to have those conversations with their children.

What is the most important thing a parent can be doing right now during this moment in history?

Conversations are important. People may not think they're significant, but the absence of conversation is doing a whole lot of harm. Their child might have lots of questions they don't know how to ask. If you open up the dialogue, you'll be more likely to know more about what they've seen, what they're thinking about, what they're wondering about.

For example, their child may be extremely afraid of what they're seeing on the news. Even for parents who are very careful about what their children watch, they might come into the living room when you don't expect it. And they can still have concerns even if they've heard about these things secondhand. If you don't have a conversation with them, they may be scared to death.

Parents might want to open up the conversation by saying to their child: "We've never talked about this before, but I think now we need to as a family. There are lots of things happening with people protesting here in our city and in the country and I really would like to know what you're thinking or wondering about what's going on." Once they tell you, then, as a parent, you can help fill in the gaps, answer their questions and assure them that if they're worried or afraid, you'll help keep them as safe as possible.
This story has been updated.

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How to talk to children about Juneteenth

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June 19, or Juneteenth, is a holiday that commemorates the day that Texas, the last Confederate state, learned about the Emancipation Proclamation - marking the end of slavery in the United States in 1865. But as University of Pittsburgh historian Alaina Roberts notes, it's important to remember that the emancipation of slaves didn't actually happen in one fell swoop.

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(Image credit: Pixabay/Wynn Pointaux)

Juneteenth commemorates the day in 1865 when enslaved Texans first learned of their freedom as directed by the Emancipation Proclamation. Known also as America's second Independence Day, the holiday has periodically been celebrated within African-American communities, but not recognized in the wider culture. That changed in 1980, when Texas established Juneteenth as a state holiday. Since then, many other states have followed suit in acknowledging the importance of this anniversary. Finally on June 17th, 2021, Juneteenth was established as a federal holiday.

Teaching about Juneteenth can be not only an exploration of American history and civil rights, but also a chance to inspire students' reflections and creativity.

The following top Juneteenth lessons and activities are all free or modestly priced.

Austin PBS: Juneteenth Jamboree (opens in new tab)
Since 2008, the Juneteenth Jamboree series has marked each year's celebration in the context of African-American culture and history and the ongoing struggle for equality. A fascinating look at not only the joy of Juneteenth celebrations, but also the opinions and goals of community leaders. Be sure to check out theJuneteenth Jamboree Retrospective (opens in new tab) created during the height of the pandemic.

► Best Digital Resources for Teaching Black History Month (opens in new tab)

► Best Digital Resources to Teach the Inauguration (opens in new tab)

► Best Virtual Field Trips (opens in new tab)

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(Image credit: Pixabay/Wynn Pointaux) Juneteenth commemorates the day in 1865 when enslaved Texans first learned of their freedom as directed by the Emancipation Proclamation. Known also as America's second Independence Day, the holiday has periodically been celebrated within African-American communities, but not recognized in the wider culture.

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Use these websites to dive deeper into the topic of Juneteenth.

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National Museum of African American History and Culture

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On "Freedom's Eve," or the eve of January 1, 1863, the first Watch Night services took place. On that night, enslaved and free African Americans gathered in churches and private homes all across the country awaiting news that the Emancipation Proclamation had taken effect. At the stroke of midnight, prayers were answered as all enslaved people in Confederate States were declared legally free. Union soldiers, many of whom were black, marched onto plantations and across cities in the south reading small copies of the Emancipation Proclamation spreading the news of freedom in Confederate States. Only through the Thirteenth Amendment did emancipation end slavery throughout the United States.

But not everyone in Confederate territory would immediately be free. Even though the Emancipation Proclamation was made effective in 1863, it could not be implemented in places still under Confederate control. As a result, in the westernmost Confederate state of Texas, enslaved people would not be free until much later. Freedom finally came on June 19, 1865, when some 2,000 Union troops arrived in Galveston Bay, Texas. The army announced that the more than 250,000 enslaved black people in the state, were free by executive decree. This day came to be known as " Juneteenth," by the newly freed people in Texas.

The post-emancipation period known as Reconstruction (1865-1877) marked an era of great hope, uncertainty, and struggle for the nation as a whole. Formerly enslaved people immediately sought to reunify families, establish schools, run for political office, push radical legislation and even sue slaveholders for compensation. Given the 200+ years of enslavement, such changes were nothing short of amazing. Not even a generation out of slavery, African Americans were inspired and empowered to transform their lives and their country.

Juneteenth marks our country's second independence day. Although it has long celebrated in the African American community, this monumental event remains largely unknown to most Americans.

The historical legacy of Juneteenth shows the value of never giving up hope in uncertain times. The National Museum of African American History and Cultureis a community space where this spirit of hope lives on. A place where historical events like Juneteenth are shared and new stories with equal urgency are told.

View Our Juneteenth Digital Toolkit

As you celebrate Juneteenth this year, the museum offers additional resources to help you embrace the rich history of Freedom Day.

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Juneteenth is an often overlooked event in our nation's history. On June 19, 1865, Union troops freed enslaved African Americans in Galveston Bay and across Texas some two and a half years after President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation.

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On June 19, people across the United States celebrate Juneteenth. The holiday commemorates the ending of slavery in the U.S., in 1865.

Juneteenth is short for "June 19th." It was on that day, in June 1865, that 250,000 people in Galveston, Texas, found out they had been freed from slavery.

A Look at History

In 1860 and 1861, several Southern states declared their independence from the United States. This started the Civil War. The Southern Confederacy wanted to maintain slavery, while the Northern Union wanted to stop slavery from spreading to new territories.

On January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. It declared freedom for enslaved people in the Confederacy. White slave owners kept the news a secret. Many enslaved people would not find out they had been freed until more than two years later.

In April 1865, the Confederacy surrendered to the Union. The war was over. On June 19, Union soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas, to enforce the president's order. When they told the crowds that the state's 250,000 enslaved people were free, celebrations broke out.

Making a Holiday

Over the years, Black people from Galveston moved to different cities, and the celebration spread. It is also called Emancipation Day, or Freedom Day.

In the 1960s, the civil rights movement brought a wider awareness of Juneteenth. On June 19, 1968, two months after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., a Solidarity Day rally was held on June 19 in Washington, D.C. The event drew 50,000 people.

Texas made Juneteenth a state holiday in 1980. Following international protests sparked by the May 2020 killing of George Floyd, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Juneteenth has gained even wider recognition. Juneteenth celebrations include religious services, cookouts, parades, and festivals featuring music and dancing. Now, 48 out of 50 states, plus Washington, D.C., recognize Juneteenth as a state holiday.

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This story was originally published on June 15, 2021. It was updated on June 16, 2023. On June 19, people across the United States celebrate Juneteenth. The holiday commemorates the ending of slavery in the U.S., in 1865. Juneteenth is...

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On June 19, 1865, General Gordon Granger arrived in Galveston, Texas, with an announcement: Enslaved people there were free.

People from Africa had been enslaved in the United States since 1619. By the 1770s, people strongly disagreed over the issue of slavery. Many people in the northern Union states wanted to abolish, or end, slavery. In the southern Confederate states, white people relied on enslaved people to farm their crops and did not want it to end.

By 1861, 11 southern states had decided to secede, or withdraw, from the nation over disagreements over slavery and each state's right to allow it. This is what started the Civil War in 1861.

When he first announced the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln officially ended the enslavement of people halfway through the Civil War. The declaration called for people to be freed on January 1, 1863. However, the announcement didn't immediately lead to freedom because the Union army still needed to win the war.

The beginning of the end of slavery

On April 9, 1865, the Confederate army surrendered; the Union army was victorious, and the Civil War was over. Because of Lincoln's earlier declaration ending slavery, that meant enslaved people could claim their freedom. But many slave owners didn't want to see this change come.

For instance, leaders in Texas still followed the state's Confederate constitution, which stated that no laws could be passed freeing enslaved people, even though the Confederacy had lost the war. That's one reason why Granger and his Union army came to Texas more than two months after the end of the war-and over two years after the Emancipation Proclamation-to make sure slave owners were following the new law and letting enslaved people go free.

To spread the word about freedom, Granger and more than 2,000 Union soldiers marched to public buildings and even a church to read the General Order, No. 3., part of which declared:

"The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a Proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free."

Later that year, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed into law to officially abolish the practice of slavery after nearly 250 years of it in the United States. Even after passage, the law often had to be enforced in many former slave states by federal agents.

Beyond Texas, enslaved people were granted freedom at different times, but it's still June 19 that many people celebrate as a "second Independence Day."

From proclamation to celebration

Soon after Granger's announcement, newly freed Black people around Texas organized and purchased park land for annual celebrations for what was now called "Juneteenth," a mashup of the month and day of Granger's news. Owning land was something that enslaved African Americans were never allowed to do, so having a place set aside to celebrate their freedom was a powerful symbol of their new status.

The holiday quickly spread to other Black communities throughout the country. People gathered for church services, concerts, parades, and picnics with traditional tea cakes and bright red hibiscus iced tea. The day has been celebrated by generations of families, and some historians think the modern Juneteenth tradition of having red-colored foods, like strawberry soda, watermelon, and red velvet cake, was inspired by those early celebrations.

Until recently, a few states-including Texas, New York, and Virginia-observed Juneteenth as an official state holiday, and state employees had the day off. But now it's a national holiday for everyone. In 2021, President Joe Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act, making June 19 a federal holiday. It's the first new one since Martin Luther King Jr. Day was declared in 1983.

People across the country celebrate Juneteenth by gathering with family and friends for parties, parades, cookouts, rodeos, and readings of the Emancipation Proclamation.

(Learn more about Juneteenth at National Geographic.)

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The federal holiday celebrates the freedom of enslaved people at the end of the Civil War. Here's how it got its start.

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Helpful sites to help with your citations.

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What is MyBib?

MyBib is a free bibliography and citation generator that makes accurate citations for you to copy straight into your academic assignments and papers.

If you're a student, academic, or teacher, and you're tired of the other bibliography and citation tools out there, then you're going to love MyBib. MyBib creates accurate citations automatically for books, journals, websites, and videos just by searching for a title or identifier (such as a URL or ISBN).

Plus, we're using the same citation formatting engine as professional-grade reference managers such as Zotero and Mendeley, so you can be sure our bibliographies are perfectly accurate in over 9,000 styles -- including APA 6 & 7, Chicago, Harvard, and MLA 7 & 8.

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📖 MyBib - A New FREE APA, Harvard, & MLA Citation Generator

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MyBib is a free bibliography and citation generator that makes accurate citations for you to copy straight into your academic assignments and papers. If you're a student, academic, or teacher, and you're tired of the other bibliography and citation tools out there, then you're going to love MyBib.

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How to create an MLA website citation:

When citing a website, you're often actually citing a specific page on a website. You're not actually citing the entire website.

Here is the most common way to cite a page on a website:

Start the citation with the name of the author who wrote the information on the page. If there isn't an author listed, do not include this information in the citation. Start the citation with the title.

The title of the individual page is placed in quotation marks, followed by a period.

Next, place the name of the website in italics, followed by a comma.

If the name of the publisher matches the name of the author or the name of the title, do not include the publisher's information in the citation.

The date the page or website was published comes next.

End the citation with the URL or DOI. When including the URL, copy the URL directly from the address bar or link in your browser window.

Last name, First name of author. "Title of Web Page." Title of Website, Publisher, Date published, URL.

Rothfeld, Lindsay. "Smarter Education: The Rise of Big Data in the Classroom." Mashable, 3 Sept. 2014, mashable.com/2014/09/03/education-data-video/#hViqdPbFbgqH.

You can usually leave out http:// or https:// from URLs unless you want to hyperlink them. For DOIs, use http:// or https:// before the DOI: https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxx.xxxx.xxxx.

If you're still confused and feeling the urge to type "How to cite a website MLA" into Google, try out our free generator at the top of this page. Our citation generator MLA site is easy to use!

If the user's handle and real name are similar, you may include the real name and leave out the handle as long as a URL is also included. If the user's real name and handle are different, include the hand in brackets after the real name.
Tweets:
Gates, Melinda. "Today, Bill and I were deeply humbled to accept France's Legion of Honour award on behalf of all our foundation's partners and grantees." Twitter, 21 Apr. 2017, twitter.com/melindagates/status/855535625713459200.
Facebook:
Sandler, Adam. "California Strong celebrity softball game this Sunday at Pepperdine. All proceeds go to the victims of the wildfires and shooting in Thousand Oaks." Facebook, 11 Jan. 2019, www.facebook.com/Sandler/.
Instagram:
Mizuhara, Kiko [@I_am_kiko]. "@vivi_mag_official shot by my sis @ashley_yuka." Instagram, 25 June 2020, www.instagram.com/p/CB27SYahBpo.

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Citing a Website in MLA | Citation Machine

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Creating accurate citations in MLA has never been easier! Automatically cite a website in MLA by using Citation Machine's free citation generator.

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Videos are another helpful resource that can provide information on Juneteenth.

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What is JUNETEENTH? Why we honor it! - Kid History

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What is Juneteenth? The holiday's history and significance, explained. | Just the FAQs

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What is Juneteenth? History behind holiday celebrating the end of slavery

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Use keyword searches to find images related to Juneteenth.

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Library of Congress Image Archive.

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Civil War

Explore the faces, places and events of the U.S. Civil War through photographs, prints and drawings in one online location.

The Prints & Photographs Division holds thousands of images relating to the Civil War, found in many different collections. This category allows research across those collections in one easy search.

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The Prints and Photographs Online Catalog (PPOC) contains catalog records and digital images representing a rich cross-section of still pictures held by the Prints & Photographs Division and, in some cases, other units of the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress offers broad public access to these materials as a contribution to education and scholarship.

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Celebration of Emancipation Day (Juneteenth) in 1900, Texas

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Celebration of Emancipation Day (Juneteenth) in 1900, Texas

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Emancipation Day celebration in Richmond, Virginia, 1905

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Emancipation Day celebration in Richmond, Virginia, 1905

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Virginia National Guard holds Juneteenth Celebration

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Virginia National Guard holds Juneteenth Celebration

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Virginia National Guard holds Juneteenth celebration

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President Joe Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act into law, June 17, 2021

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President Joe Biden signed the Juneteenth National Independence Day Act into law, June 17, 2021

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June 19 marks the celebration of the holiday known as Juneteenth and few places will celebrate with more gusto than Galveston, Texas, where it all began.

The history of this celebration begins on January 1, 1863, when Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, outlawing slavery in the states that had seceded and immediately freeing about 50,000 enslaved African Americans. According to the tradition of Juneteenth, news of the proclamation didn't reach some enslaved people in Texas for another two and a half years.

On plantations, masters had to decide when and how to announce news [of the Emancipation Proclamation] ... and it was not uncommon for them to delay until after the harvest.

Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

This was partially due to intentional prevarication on the part of state governments, as well as slave-holding individuals. Multiple lawsuits cropped up in Texas between 1863 and 1865 that challenged the Proclamation and attempted to gain some kind of financial compensation from the government for the loss of revenue from the slave trade, even after it was made illegal. The situation wasn't as clear cut as it seems: General Robert E. Lee may have surrendered, but the Army of the Trans-Mississippi and other rebels kept fighting, and many slaveowners simply refused to let their slaves free.

Finally, on June 19th, 1865, Major General Gordon Granger arrived at Galveston to proclaim the freedom of all slaves in the Lone Star State. His General Order Number 3 begins: "The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free." ( The entire text can be found here.)

But, as Henry Louis Gates, Jr., notes:

When Texas fell and Granger dispatched his now famous order No. 3, it wasn't exactly instant magic for most of the Lone Star State's 250,000 slaves. On plantations, masters had to decide when and how to announce the news-or wait for a government agent to arrive-and it was not uncommon for them to delay until after the harvest. Even in Galveston city, the ex-Confederate mayor flouted the Army by forcing the freed people back to work.

Justice prevailed, however, and one of the first African American communities to formally celebrate their freedom was in Galveston, Texas. Galveston was also likely the site of the first public reading of the proclamation in the South, as well as the first community to celebrate the holiday now known as Juneteenth, so named for the date of the reading of Granger's General Order No. 3.

Gates points out that taking ownership of the holiday was in itself a revolutionary move for the former slaves: "In one of the most inspiring grassroots efforts of the post-Civil War period, they transformed June 19 from a day of unheeded military orders into their own annual rite, 'Juneteenth,' beginning one year later in 1866." Juneteenth celebrations declined by the early 1900s, but then saw a rise in popularity again in the 1960s with onset of the Civil Rights Movement. It became an official state holiday in Texas on January 1, 1980.

As you can imagine, Galveston, where the holiday began, puts on one of the biggest celebrations to this day. Held every year on June 19th, the celebration culminates with a commemorative reading of the Emancipation Proclamation, followed by a prayer breakfast at Ashton Villa, a notable historic home built in Galveston in 1859. And the holiday continues to be celebrated by the African American community across the country.
Editor's note: This article lede was updated to make the story evergreen.
Read more about Juneteenth:

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June 19 marks the celebration of the holiday known as Juneteenth and few places will celebrate with more gusto than Galveston, Texas, where it all began. The history of this celebration begins on January 1, 1863, when Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, outlawing slavery in the states that had seceded and immediately freeing about 50,000 enslaved African Americans.

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A mix of fiction and nonfiction, this is a great place to start gathering information on Juneteenth! There is also list of Dewey Call Numbers and Library Headings to help guide you on your own searches.

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All Different Now: Juneteenth, the First Day of Freedom

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All Different Now: Juneteenth, the First Day of Freedom

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Through the eyes of one little girl, All Different Now tells the story of the first Juneteenth, the day freedom finally came to the last of the slaves in the South. Since then, the observance of June 19 as African American Emancipation Day has spread across the United States and beyond. This stunning picture book includes notes from the author and illustrator, a timeline of important dates, and a glossary of relevant terms.

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MAIN Libraries are excited to offer a better search experience in 2022. Click here to explore the new discovery interface! If you have any bookmarks which took you to this catalog, please delete them and bookmark the new site.

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Hidden Figures: Young Readers Guide (ebook)

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Hidden Figures: Young Readers Guide (ebook)

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This edition of Margot Lee Shetterly's acclaimed book is perfect for young readers. It's the powerful story of four African-American female mathematicians at NASA who helped achieve some of the greatest moments in our space program.
Before John Glenn orbited the earth, or Neil Armstrong walked on the moon, a group of dedicated female mathematicians known as "human computers" used pencils, slide rules, and adding machines to calculate the numbers that would launch rockets, and astronauts, into space.

This book brings to life the stories of Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson, Katherine Johnson, and Christine Darden, who lived through the Civil Rights era, the Space Race, the Cold War, and the movement for gender equality, and whose work forever changed the face of NASA and the country.
This middle grade nonfiction book is an excellent choice for tween readers in grades 4 to 6, in the classroom or for homeschooling.

Available to buy

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This edition of Margot Lee Shetterly's acclaimed book is perfect for young readers. It's the powerful story of four African-American female mathematicians at NASA who helped achieve some of the greatest moments in our space program.

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This lyrical celebration of Juneteenth, deeply rooted in Black American history, spans centuries and reverberates loudly and proudly today.

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With colorful illustrations and a timeline, this introductory history of Juneteenth for kids details the evolution of the holiday commemorating the date the enslaved people of Texas first learned of their freedom​.

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The Racial Justice in America: Histories series explores moments and eras in America's history that have been ignored or misrepresented in education due to racial bias. Juneteenth explores the history around the celebration in a comprehensive, honest, and age-appropriate way.

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When Delphine and her two younger sisters, Vonetta and Fern, are sent to California to spend the summer with their mother who abandoned them, they’re not sure what to expect.While the girls hope to go to Disneyland and meet Tinker Bell, their mother sends them to a day camp run by the Black Panthers. Unexpectedly, Delphine, Vonetta, and Fern learn much about their family, their country, and themselves during one truly crazy summer.

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Eleven-year-old Delphine has it together. Even though her mother, Cecile, abandoned her and her younger sisters, Vonetta and Fern, seven years ago. Even though her father and Big Ma will send them from Brooklyn to Oakland, California, to stay with Cecile for the summer. And even though Delphine will have to take care of her sisters, as usual, and learn the truth about the missing pieces of the past.

When the girls arrive in Oakland in the summer of 1968, Cecile wants nothing to do with them. She makes them eat Chinese takeout dinners, forbids them to enter her kitchen, and never explains the strange visitors with Afros and black berets who knock on her door. Rather than spend time with them, Cecile sends Delphine, Vonetta, and Fern to a summer camp sponsored by a revolutionary group, the Black Panthers, where the girls get a radical new education.

Set during one of the most tumultuous years in recent American history, one crazy summer is the heartbreaking, funny tale of three girls in search of the mother who abandoned them-an unforgettable story told by a distinguished author of books for children and teens, Rita Williams-Garcia.

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Eleven-year-old Delphine has it together. Even though her mother, Cecile, abandoned her and her younger sisters, Vonetta and Fern, seven years ago. Even though her father and Big Ma will send them from Brooklyn to Oakland, California, to stay with Cecile for the summer.

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This is a gripping biography about Harriet Tubman, who escaped slavery and became a conductor on the secret Underground Railroad, helping others make the dangerous journey to freedom.

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Nonfiction book presenting the history of Juneteenth.

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MAIN Libraries are excited to offer a better search experience in 2022. Click here to explore the new discovery interface! If you have any bookmarks which took you to this catalog, please delete them and bookmark the new site.

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Black activist Opal Lee had a vision of Juneteenth as a holiday for everyone. This true story celebrates Black joy and inspires children to see their dreams blossom. Growing up in Texas, Opal knew the history of Juneteenth, but she soon discovered that many Americans had never heard of the holiday. Join Opal on her historic journey to recognize and celebrate "freedom for all."

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MAIN Libraries are excited to offer a better search experience in 2022. Click here to explore the new discovery interface! If you have any bookmarks which took you to this catalog, please delete them and bookmark the new site.

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Dewey Call Numbers

394.263 (Holidays of June, July, August)

306.3/620973 (Slavery in the U.S.)

976.4 (Texas history)

Subject Headings

Juneteenth -- Juvenile fiction.

Juneteenth -- Juvenile literature.

African Americans -- Anniversaries, etc.

African Americans -- Juvenile fiction.

African Americans -- Social life and customs -- Juvenile literature.

African Americans -- Texas -- Galveston -- History -- Juvenile literature.

African American families -- Texas -- Juvenile fiction.

Slavery -- Juvenile fiction.

Slaves -- Emancipation -- Texas -- Juvenile literature.

Slaves -- Emancipation -- United States -- Juvenile literature.

Texas -- History -- 1865-1950 -- Juvenile fiction.

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Search results for: juneteenth, page 1 | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution

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Search millions of objects in the collections including photographs, artworks, artifacts, scientific specimens, manuscripts, sound records, and transcripts. These represent Art, Design, History, Culture, Science and Technology.