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The male gametophytes are the pollen grains. It is what germinates and goes into the ovule. The female is the embryo sac.

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When the plant reproduces using it's own pollen. This happens when the pollen fertilizes the egg of the plant.

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The earliest part of development for the plant. It is located inside the seed. The embrio has monocots, or dicots cotyledons.

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The tube like structure that leads to the ovules.

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It is another part of the flower. The filament carries nutrients and delivers them to the anther. The anther then uses the nutrients to create pollen.

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It produces asexual spores. The spores then turn into gametophytes.

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When a plant it pollenated form the pollen of another plant. This happens when pollen from another plant receives pollen onto it’s pistols.

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They are haploid structures that help raise the female gametophyte. Making it easier to reproduce. They can be found in both seed and seedless plants. They develop into female gametophytes.

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A seed is the product of a ovule that has matured. Inside a seed there is an embryo or beginning of sprout, along with food that is being stored.

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The main part of the stem. The stalk refers to the main part of the stem that is only found in herbaceous plants.

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It is an underground stem that stores food for the plant.

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Fruits is the product of mature and ripened ovaries. Fruit is not only the ovary but also the contents of the ovary.

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The coloured parts of a flower that are located and surrounding the reproductive systems.

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The place where the polen is germinated.

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The top of the stamen that produces the pollen for the plant.

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A zygote is a diploid cells that results in  the fusion of a male and female haploid cells. Zygotes are fertilized cells.

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Microspores in a mass form that are in a seed plant. Pollen grain can appear to look as dust.

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They are haploid structures that help raise the male gametophyte. Making it easier to reproduce. They can be found in both seed and seedless plants. They develop into male gametophytes.

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A vascular plant the reproduces via seed or ovule.

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A bud or stem removed from a plant. It is joined to a stock through grafting.

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A stem that grows along the ground.

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The fruit that is formed around seeds. It is made in a ripened ovary (specifically the wall).

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The enlarged part of pistil.The ovary is where ovules are made (female part of the plant)

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It is the reproductive organ that is ovule bearing. It is located

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The place on a plant where the pollen is created. It supports the anther.

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A tubular structure that’s purpose is to deliver the sperms cells in the plant to the gametophyte.

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It is the tissue that surrounds the embryo in angiosperms. It stores food and helps the embryo develop.

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It is a plant that reproduces based on the flowers, seeds, and fruit. There are male and female parts to an angiosperm. Without both parts, the plant cannot reproduce.

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It is a horticulture technique that when conducted, fuses plants together. There is a base called the rootstock and the addition is called that scion. When the two are going together they can continue to grow as one.

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This is when a parent plant creates a new plant. It does not require an external source as there is no mixing of a male or female gamete. From the graphing or separation of the parent, a new plant can be formed.

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A community or environment of organisms that interact. Both abiotic and biotic components are evolved in ecosystems along with a physical environment.

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When there is disturbance or impact in a climax community. Due to the disturbance there is a reset button to the succession cycle.

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A type of plant hormone that stops germination, induces seeds, and it encourages the plant to detach leaves. This hormone ensures that the plant is not over germinating.

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They are a type of plant hormone that helps regulate and stimulate parts of development in the plant. Its primary function is to elongate cells, aiding the lateral growth of plants.

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is the plant’s response to the gravitational  pull around it. This is why the roots grow downward while the shoots and stems grow up to the sky.

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When a community or environment has a stable and constant population of species/organism, that remain constant for a long period of time.

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When an area or location that has no plants, organisms, or soil, begins to develop.

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A hormone located in a plant that has to do with growth regulators and the ripening/production of plants. The hormone makes sure that cells are not elongating, while ensuring the is lad abscission.

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Compound groups that act in a very similar manner when it comes to plant differentiation and growth.

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When a plant changes it’s direction of growth due to a light source.

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A species that is the first original

, to form and take over an area. This takes place during succession.

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Is the word used to described the slow and gradual change of a species, specimen, or organism that are formed and form a community.

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Their cells all have similar chemical structures. Cytokines are located in tissue that are commonly dividing and growing rapidly (buds, seeds, leaves). Their job is to stimulate cell division.

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It the movement/response of a plant that is being touched by an external source. An example of positive thigmotropism is would be a vine growing on a arbour. An example of negative thigmotropism would be if the plant grew in the opposite direction of the stimulus.

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When an organism grows or turns in the direction of a positive external stimulus (example: sunflowers heads all facing the sun).

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It is the pressure/force that helps fluids to be driven upward through the xylem.

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It is located in plants roots in their endodermal cell dividers. The Casparian strip is a suberin band. Suberin is an impermeable substance.

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The cylindrical extensions of a root are formed by epidermal cells. The root hairs absorb nutrients from the earth.

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They are the xylem class that has thick cell walls. The elongated cells have small pits located in their cell wall. Because the cells overlap, a long tube is formed that goes from the root to the shoot.

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When the vacuum of cells is too full of water, there will be pressure on the cell wall. This provides support for the plant. Although when water is released from the cells the plants may begin to wilt.

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The movement of water from the ground to the plant. The plant absorbs liquid water from the ground, then releases water vapour into the air through the leaves.

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It is the centre part of the root and the plant. It is made of phloem and xylem, along with bundles of vascular tissue, that come together to form a tube.

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It is the most centred layer in the cell. It is located in the cortex of the root.

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The layer in a leaf is constructed of elongated photosynthetic cells that are in the structure of columns. The palisade mesophyll is located on the upper part of the leaf.

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What keeps the water molecule from separating for one another.

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Living cells are responsible for making up part of the sieve tube in vascular plants. They are nucleated cells.

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Is a vascular tissue that is responsible for transporting sugars and other natural nutrients. It conducts the food that is created during photosynthesis and disperses it through the body of the plant.

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A protective layer that covers the entirety of the plant. It makes sure that the plant does not get any infections or lose water, along with regulating gas exchange.

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It is a root and stem tissue. The correct is located between the epidermis and vascular tissue. They can store carbohydrates along with other substances.

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They are phloem cells that that have pores in their cell walls.  Sieve cells have all the cell organelles.

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When the water attaches to the tissue inside the plants. For example, when the water molecules attach to the molecules on the xylem tissue walls.

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Is the transportation of materials in the leaves to other areas of  the plant. One main nutrient that is transported is the sugars created through photosynthesis.

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It is the tissue that transports nutrients and food to and through the plant form the roots to the leaves and stems. The tube structure of xylem tissue transports the nutrients.

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Periderm covers the secondary growth organs. It commonly is a protective layer for woody stem plants.

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A seed/plant that only has one cotyledon. It has scattered vascular bundles and leaves with parallel veins.

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Plants that have a stem that contains no wood in it. It is made of vascular bundles and tissues.

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A leaf that is separated into more than one leaflet. Compound leaves have two or more leaflets.

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The leaf blade (lamina) is the wide, thin, and green part of the leaf.

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It is a tissue that is located in the veins and leaves of a plant that gives strength to the stem. Sclerenchyma is made of two types of cells: sclereirds, and sclerenchyma fibres.

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The nonvasuclar tissues that are located inside of a plant. It has many function such as: photosynthesis, food storage, and support. It is made of many different types of cells.

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It created a second dermal tissue. That secondary dermal tissue is then replaced and takes the place of the epidermis that is on the plant. This is because there is growth taking place, and the epidermis may not be large enough to cover the area of the plant.

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Is a lateral meristem tissue. It makes a secondary xylem and phloem tissue. This is even when you look at the inside of a tree. The rings for vascular cambium are evident.

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It is the fourth layer of a leaf. This layer is made of loosely packed cells that have air spaces in between them. In the air spaces the gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour) move and exchange. Spongy mesophyll contains chloroplasts as well.

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It is the fourth layer of a leaf. This layer is made of loosely packed cells that have air spaces in between them. In the air spaces the gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapour) move and exchange. Spongy mesophyll contains chloroplasts as well.

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A leaf with a single blade that is attached to the petiole the to the stem.

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Organelles are in plant cells that converts the energy produced from the sun into chemical energy/food for the cell. The energy is produced by the process of photosynthesis.

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Are simple tissues that are permanent. Parenchyma has vascular tissues embedded in them. They are made of living cells, thin walls, and adaptive structures.

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Vascular plants are also known as tube plants. They have tissues that are sussed for transporting food, water, and, minerals. Vascular plants have complex tissues, phloem and xylem.

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It is a type of stem that has bundles of vascular tissue that is arranged in a ring form. The epidermis of dicots is very defined along the the cultic and dermis.

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Plants that have stems made of wood are under the woody stem category. The woody stem is because of the organic polymer, lignin. It is a very strong polymer that is a main component to bark, and to strengthen the stem.

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The protecting layer that acts as a armour for the plant. It is a waterproof waxy coating that is on top of the dermal. Cuticle is made by the epidermis.

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The point where the plant's stalk joins the node to the blade. It is the part in between the lead and the main stem.

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It is a support tissue. It is made of long cells that are irregular cell wales. It is a primary wall that is located in the primary growth areas like stems and leaves. Collenchyma can be compared to the strings of celery.

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The outerlayer of the tissue on a plant. It is the skin of the plants that surrounds the body of the plat. It is made of many cells that are tighly clinging together. The dermal protects the plant and controls what goes in and out of the plant.

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It is a plant tissue that is formative. It is made of tiny cells that can divide and separate countless times into other tissues and organs. The tissue helps plants to grow in width and height. Apical is the region of cells that divide and grow in the root and shoot tips. They are what makes the roots and shoots grow. Lateral meristem is responsible to increase the girth and thickness of the stem, also with increasing the height.

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3. Plant Growth Regulators and Community.  

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3. Plant Growth Regulators and Community.  