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Images:
https://www.odt.co.nz/features/sponsored-content/what-do-i-need-know-about-measles
https://www.tpchd.org/healthy-people/diseases/measles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles

Measles Complications. (2022, November 28). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/complications.html

Healthcare Professionals: Clinical Resources. (2021, October 4). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/hcp/index.html

Measles - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic. (2022, May 11). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/measles/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374862

Measles Vaccine. (2020, November 5). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/vaccination.html

Measles Cases and Outbreaks. (2022, December 2). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html

Engeland, C. E., & Ungerechts, G. (2021). Measles Virus as an Oncolytic Immunotherapy. Cancers, 13(3), 544. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030544

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2019
- 1,274 confirmed cases in 31 states
- Highest amount confirmed since 1992

2020
- 13 confirmed cases

2021
- 49 reported cases

2022
- 76 reported cases

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Measles - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

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Christine E. Engeland, MD, Ph.D. Professor of Experimental Virology

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Measles virus,  also known as Rubeola, is a contagious negative single-strand RNA virus. This virus is spread through coughing and sneezing, when spread to another person a fever and rash on the skin forms.

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The best prevention for measles is a vaccine called MMR which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella. MMR is given in two doses, the first at the age of 12-15 months and the second at 4-6 years. Measles can also be prevented in children from 12 months to 12 years with the MMRV vaccine which protects against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella.

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To diagnose measles a healthcare provider will ask a series of questions after identifying the rash and kopliks spots on the inside of the mouth. They may ask if you or your child have been out of the United States and in contact with someone with a rash or fever. Blood tests, urine samples, and throat swabs can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

There is no specific treatment for measles but there are steps that can be taken to prevent complications and relieve symptoms.
- Antibiotics are used to treat pneumonia or ear infections
- Vitamin A
- Fever Reducers
- Fluids
- Post-exposure vaccination
- Immune Serum Globulin
- Rest

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Symptoms can change as the number of days progresses, after being infected symptoms will begin to show around days seven to fourteen.
These include:
- High fever
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Watery eyes
- Koplik spots
- Measles rash

Complications can range from severe to common. People at higher risk for complications include pregnant women, people with a comprised immune system, and children younger than 5 years old.
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis (swelling in the brain)
- Death
- Premature Birth
- Ear infections (Common Complication)
- Diarrhea (Common Complication)

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The Measles virus is caused by Morbillivirus which is in the family Paramyxoviridae.

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7.  Measles Virus as an Oncolytic Immunotherapy

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7.  Measles Virus as an Oncolytic Immunotherapy

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Ongoing research and clinical trials have found that Measles Virus (MeV) can be used as a treatment for cancer. The oncolytic virus replicates inside malignant tumor cells which causes them to rupture. Just the use of oncolytic MeV usually is not enough to cure advanced stage tumors so combination therapy is required.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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measles mumps rubella varicella (mmrv) vaccine safety

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Measles: History, Q&As, How to Protect Your Child

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Measles can spread easily and lead to complications. Learn about its history, answers to common questions, and how you can protect your child.