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Myanmar Harp (Saung Gauk)Dr. Su Zar Zar ( Musicologist, Myanmar)©Dr. Su Zar Zar

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The harp instrument was played in Myanmar since the 9th century AD. The harp initially had three strings but later increased to seven strings. During the Second World War, the sixteen-stringed harp was introduced, and since then, the sixteen-stringed harp is still used to this day. One interesting fact is that the strings are made of silk and the body out of paduak (mahogany), which is the reason behind an expensive harp (Myanmar Musical Instruments, n.d.).

Reference

Myanmar Musical Instruments. (n.d.). Myanmar 2024. https://www.myanmars.net/arts/myanmar-musical-instrument.html

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Upon their arrival in Australia, refugees from Myanmar may experience anxiety as a result of the financial burden, their inability to adjust to a new culture and living standard as well as their separation from their home country and people. This mental health issue can be addressed by the incorporation of mental health into basic health care (World Health Organization: WHO, 2021).

Another health issue that can be anaemia or nutrition deficiency. This issue can be addressed by treating the cause of anaemia, spreading awareness on iron-rich diet and healthy diet (Anaemia, Iron Deficiency, and Other Blood Conditions » Australian Refugee Health, n.d.).

Reference

Anaemia, iron deficiency, and other blood conditions » Australian Refugee Health. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/anaemia-iron-deficiency-and-other-blood-conditions/

World Health Organization: WHO. (2021, August 31). Mental health and forced displacement. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-and-forced-displacement

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Upon the arrival of Burmese from Myanmar to Australia, social inclusion and non-discrimination have a great impact on the well-being of refugees. For Burmese refugees, who have migrated to a new place will feel intimidated and find it hard to open up and adapt to new place so, social inclusion will enable them to smoothly adjust into the Australian society and access the healthcare services available resulting in promotion of the mental and physical health (Social Determinants of Health, 2024). Non-discrimination will ensure that timely and and quality health care is provided to the refugees promoting their health.

Reference

Social determinants of health. (2024, July 2). Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/social-determinants-of-health

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If I were to treat Burmese patients, I could apply competency standard 1.1 by acknowledging the cultural differences that I may have with my patients. To provide respectful and effective care, I will develop a care plan that fulfils their needs and beliefs. I can also accommodate their dietary restrictions based on their religious practices and ensure the dignity and privacy of my patients are maintained. Communication can become a barrier, but it can be resolved with the help of translation services. By respecting the decision and culture, I can build trust and involving family members during the discussions regarding care will enhance the understanding (Munnings et al., 2019).

Reference

Munnings, K., Laidler, L., Ramsay Health Care Australia, O’Donovan, K., Patetsos, M., Federation of Ethnic Communities’ Councils of Australia, Phillips, C., Philp, A., Australian Government Department of Health, Schreiber, J., Sdrinis, S., Ward, K., Wright, M., Australian College of Nursing, Abbasova, G., & Sarafian, C. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. In L. Martinez & O. Dandash (Eds.), COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Chan, A. (2015, March 7). A glance at traditional medicine in Myanmar - Myanmar Insider. Myanmar Insider. https://www.myanmarinsider.com/a-glance-at-traditional-medicine-in-myanmar/

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A country rich in flora and fauna believes in the traditional healing by the use of traditional medicines. However, it is recognised that the knowledge and the flora on which the healers depend are perishing at an accelerated rate (Awale et al., 2006). Some of the traditional medicines were the antimalarial drug called Ngan-war-kyi-kyaw, used for treating malaria, and Bi-luma-let-war and Hsay-war-pin to treat cancer. In the journal, many traditional healers mentioned that along with traditional medicines, modern medicines should also go side by side to make it effective (Awale et al., 2006). Even to this day, traditional medicine knowledge is passed down from generations by monks and villagers.

Reference

Awale, S., Linn, T. Z., Than, M. M., Swe, T., Saiki, I., & Kadota, S. (2006). The healing art of traditional medicines in Myanmar. 和漢医薬学雑誌 = Journal of Traditional Medicines, 23(2), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.11339/jtm.23.47

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Myanmar can be a country known for richness in religion due to the presence of Buddhism, Muslims, Christians, Hindus, and Animists. Buddhism is one of the main religions, followed by 87.9% of the people (Myanmar (Burmese) - Religion, 2017). Theravāda Buddhism is practiced where they believe in the triple gem, i.e., the teacher (Buddha), the teaching (Dharma), and the monastic community (the Sangha). The Buddhists in Myanmar commit to and respect Buddha in the same way that a student has for their teachers (Myanmar (Burmese) - Religion, 2017).

References

Myanmar (Burmese) - religion. (2017). Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/myanmar-burmese-culture/burmese-myanmar-culture-religion

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People in Myanmar greet each other by saying "Mingalaba", which translates to hello in Burmese. Burmese is the native language spoken by most Burmans. This language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages consisting of Chinese, Tibetan, and Karen (Aung et al., 2024). There are many other languages used to communicate in Myanmar, but the majority of the population speaks Burmese. Unlike other cultures, Burmese has many terms to show respect, such as 'U' is used to address a male, 'daw' is used to address women, and 'Saya' to address teachers or masters (“Traditional Family Values,” n.d.).

Traditional family values. (n.d.). In Burmese Culture. https://www.ecald.com/assets/Resources/Assets/C2-S5-Burmese.pdf

Steinberg, D. I. , Aung, . Maung Htin and Aung-Thwin, . Michael Arthur (2024, August 27). Myanmar. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Myanmar