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فهم المتوالية الحسابية

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فهم المتوالية الحسابية

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سوف يكون الطلاب قادرين على تعريف المتوالية الحسابية وفهم كيفية إيجاد الفرق المشترك.

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حساب حدود المتوالية

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حساب حدود المتوالية

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سوف يتمكن الطلاب من حساب الحدود المختلفة للمتوالية باستخدام الصيغة العامة.

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تطبيقات المتوالية الحسابية

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تطبيقات المتوالية الحسابية

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سيتعلم الطلاب كيفية استخدام المتوالية الحسابية في حل المشاكل الحياتية.

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ما هي المتوالية الحسابية وكيف تختلف عن المتواليات الأخرى؟

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التعليم المباشر

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التعليم المباشر

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شرح مفهوم المتوالية الحسابية والفرق المشترك باستخدام أمثلة من الحياة اليومية.

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تمارين موجهة

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تمارين موجهة

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تقسيم الطلاب إلى مجموعات لحل مسائل بسيطة حول إيجاد الحدود المختلفة للمتواليات الحسابية.

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الممارسة المستقلة

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الممارسة المستقلة

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تكليف الطلاب بحل مجموعة من أوراق العمل التي تتضمن مسائل حول المتواليات الحسابية.

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أنشطة تكميلية

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أنشطة تكميلية

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نشاط إضافي لتحدي الطلاب: إيجاد التطبيقات المختلفة للمتوالية الحسابية في مجالات مثل الاقتصاد والإحصاء.

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Proof without words of the arithmetic progression formulas using a rotated copy of the blocks

An arithmetic progression or arithmetic sequence ( AP) is a sequence of numbers such that the difference from any succeeding term to its preceding term remains constant throughout the sequence. The constant difference is called common difference of that arithmetic progression. For instance, the sequence 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, . . . is an arithmetic progression with a common difference of 2.

If the initial term of an arithmetic progression is and the common difference of successive members is , then the -th term of the sequence ( ) is given by:

A finite portion of an arithmetic progression is called a finite arithmetic progression and sometimes just called an arithmetic progression. The sum of a finite arithmetic progression is called an arithmetic series.

According to an anecdote of uncertain reliability,[1] young Carl Friedrich Gauss, who was in primary school, reinvented the formula for summing the integers from 1 through , for the case , by grouping the numbers from both ends of the sequence into pairs summing to 101 and multiplying by the number of pairs. However, regardless of the truth of this story, Gauss was not the first to discover this formula, and some find it likely that its origin goes back to the Pythagoreans in the 5th century BC.[2] Similar rules were known in antiquity to Archimedes, Hypsicles and Diophantus;[3] in China to Zhang Qiujian; in India to Aryabhata, Brahmagupta and Bhaskara II;[4] and in medieval Europe to Alcuin,[5] Dicuil,[6] Fibonacci,[7] Sacrobosco[8] and to anonymous commentators of Talmud known as Tosafists.[9]

The sum of the members of a finite arithmetic progression is called an arithmetic series. For example, consider the sum:

This sum can be found quickly by taking the number n of terms being added (here 5), multiplying by the sum of the first and last number in the progression (here 2 + 14 = 16), and dividing by 2:

In the case above, this gives the equation:

This formula works for any real numbers and . For example: this

Derivation

Animated proof for the formula giving the sum of the first integers 1+2+...+n.

To derive the above formula, begin by expressing the arithmetic series in two different ways:

Rewriting the terms in reverse order:

Adding the corresponding terms of both sides of the two equations and halving both sides:

This formula can be simplified as:

Furthermore, the mean value of the series can be calculated via: :

The formula is very similar to the mean of a discrete uniform distribution.

The product of the members of a finite arithmetic progression with an initial element a ₁, common differences d, and n elements in total is determined in a closed expression

where denotes the Gamma function. The formula is not valid when is negative or zero.

This is a generalization from the fact that the product of the progression is given by the factorial and that the product

for positive integers and is given by

Derivation

where denotes the rising factorial.

By the recurrence formula , valid for a complex number ,

so that

for a positive integer and a positive complex number.

Thus, if ,

and, finally,

Taking the example , the product of the terms of the arithmetic progression given by up to the 50th term is

The product of the first 10 odd numbers is given by

The standard deviation of any arithmetic progression can be calculated as

where is the number of terms in the progression and is the common difference between terms. The formula is very similar to the standard deviation of a discrete uniform distribution.

The intersection of any two doubly infinite arithmetic progressions is either empty or another arithmetic progression, which can be found using the Chinese remainder theorem. If each pair of progressions in a family of doubly infinite arithmetic progressions have a non-empty intersection, then there exists a number common to all of them; that is, infinite arithmetic progressions form a Helly family. However, the intersection of infinitely many infinite arithmetic progressions might be a single number rather than itself being an infinite progression.

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An arithmetic progression or arithmetic sequence ( AP) is a sequence of numbers such that the difference from any succeeding term to its preceding term remains constant throughout the sequence. The constant difference is called common difference of that arithmetic progression. For instance, the sequence 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, .

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التقييم التكويني

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التقييم التكويني

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ملاحظة المناقشات والمشاركات الطلابية أثناء الأنشطة التعليمية لتحديد مدى فهمهم للمتواليات الحسابية.

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التقييم الختامي

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التقييم الختامي

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اختبار يحتوي على أسئلة متعددة الخيارات ومسائل تطبيقية لتقييم فهم الطلاب للمتواليات الحسابية.

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مناقشة جماعية

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مناقشة جماعية

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مناقشة جماعية حول ما تم تعلمه اليوم وكيف يمكن تطبيق هذه المعرفة في الحياة اليومية.

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تذكرة الخروج

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تذكرة الخروج

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تكليف كل طالب بكتابة جملة قصيرة تلخص ما تعلمه اليوم.

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ورقة عمل إضافية

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ورقة عمل إضافية

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ورقة عمل تحتوي على مسائل إضافية حول المتوالية الحسابية لتمكين المعرفة المكتسبة.

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تكليف الطلاب بمشروع صغير يتضمن البحث عن تطبيقات المتوالية الحسابية في مجالات مختلفة وتقديمها باستخدام Padlet.