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A rich heritage of traditional medical knowledge and the use of plants as medicines still exist in Myanmar which have been inherited from earlier generations. Brugmansia arborea is an evergreen shrub or small tree. Flowers are strongly fragrant, trumpet-shaped, nodding to sub-horizontal, white to ivory-white or cream. As traditional uses, Brugmansia species are used against a wide range of diseases such as body pain, inflammatory conditions, skin infection, wound, and other diseases. Also, these species are used as a hallucinogen, protection from evil, and magical rituals.

M. Adams et al and J. Ethnopharmacol.(2007). Plants traditionally used in age related brain disorders-A survey of ethnobotanical literature

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One key takeaway from competency standard 1.2 is recognizing that individuals from refugee backgrounds, including asylum seekers and migrants with refugee-like experiences, are especially vulnerable due to traumatic experiences before migration. I have deepened my understanding of how these pre-migration traumas increase the risk of PTSD, anxiety, and depression in these individuals. This awareness highlights the crucial need to foster a safe and supportive environment for refugees. In my nursing practice, this understanding guides me to be sensitive to their past experiences and to adopt culturally responsive practices. I will apply trauma-informed care principles by focusing on person-centered communication, maintaining safe clinical environments, and providing appropriate referrals for trauma screening.

Murdoch.edu.au.

https://moodleprod.murdoch.edu.au/pluginfile.php/4119639/mod_resource/content/3/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-

Jan2019.pdf

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Buddhism is a big part of Myanmar culture. "The Union recognizes the special position of Buddhism as the faith professed by the great majority of the citizens of the Union." According to both the 2014 census of the Burmese government Buddhism is the dominant religion, of 90% of the population, practiced especially by the Bamar, Rakhine, Shan, Mon and Chinese ethnic groups. Bamar people also practice the Burmese folk religion under the name of Buddhism. The 2008 constitution provides for the freedom of religion; however, it also grants broad exceptions that allow the regime to restrict these rights at will.

HARVARD DIVINITY SCHOOL.BUDDHISM CASE STUDY – VIOLENCE & PEACE | 2018 https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/religion-context/case-studies/violence-peace/conflict-myanmar#:~:text=The%20vast%20majority%20of%20the,ethnic%20community%20known%20as%20Burmans.

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Social inclusion and non discrimination 

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Social inclusion and non discrimination 

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The principal of social inclusion and non discrimination are important social determinants of health for refugees arriving in a new country as these influence the health outcomes and well being.

According to a study by Silove et al(2017). Social inclusion means that the refugees get equal access to essential services, employment and community activities.

Non discrimination ensures that the refugees are treated equally regardless of their ethnicity, religion or nationality.A study by Liddell and Morris (2010) highlights that experiences of discrimination can lead to poorer health outcomes, including higher rates of anxiety and depression among refugees.

Silove,D.(2017).An overview of the impacts of social inclusion.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5428192/

Liddell, B. J., & Morris, P. (2010).56(3), 233-247.

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Burmese cuisine encompasses the diverse regional culinary traditions of Myanmar, which have developed through longstanding agricultural practices, centuries of sociopolitical and economic change, and cross-cultural contact and trade with neighboring countries at the confluence of Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia, such as modern-day nations of Thailand, China, and India, respectively. Mohinga, a savory fish soup with lemongrass and banana leaves are eaten for breakfast with rice noodles, lunch is rice accompanied with small side dishes of vegetables, a small soup and a meat or fish dish. Dinner is consumed in a similar fashion to lunch.

Harshita Malhotra Updated:Aug 04, 2022 https://www.slurrp.com/article/do-you-know-the-story-behind-mohinga-the-burmese-fish-soup-1650100703117

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Clothing in Myanmar varies depending on the ethnicity, geography, climate and cultural traditions of the people of each region of Myanmar (Burma).The most widely recognized Burmese national costume is the longyi, an ankle-length wraparound skirt worn by both males and female. Burmese clothing also features great diversity in terms of textiles, weaves, fibers, colors and materials, including velvet, silk, lace, muslin, and cotton. Burmese people are the only people in which the men and woman wear the same attire for their national dress. they also wear a broad train called yethina but only on special occasions such as weddings or as a dance costume.

Edwards, Penny (2008) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_clothing

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Skin infections are common in some groups of people from refugee backgrounds.

Non-infectious conditions may have skin manifestations (e.g. nutrient deficiency, inflammatory conditions (eczema/dermatitis), insect bites, pigmentation changes (vitiligo, post inflammatory hypo/hyperpigmentation), psych dermatoses, medication side effects). Also consider skin manifestations of traditional medicine procedures (cupping, coining) and scars from injury or torture.

Confirm diagnosis by microscopy and culture prior to treatment with antifungals, particularly systemic agents. Diagnostic samples include skin scrapings, subungual debris, clipped nail or plucked hair. False negative results are common especially with nail clippings due to insufficient specimens, recent antifungals and overgrowth. A trial of therapy may be appropriate.

https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/skin-infections/