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For me, the most important aspect to apply to my nursing practice is Domain 1 Standard 1.2.

I have developed my understanding of how to be considerate towards refugees and their experiences.

Having learned about refugees and their experiences, I now know how I can adapt empathy towards those patients and take into account their trauma when assessing them.' (Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019)

This skill is essential to me in the workplace because my intention as a nurse is to care for my patient.

Because I do not yet know how to apply this standard when going forward with my nursing placement, I will now need to practice and learn more about refugees and the trauma they go through.

Initially I did not notice or understand what refugees go through and how I would need to apply this to my nursing degree.

Alternatively this might be due to me not knowing any refugees or not learning about them in high school.

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Social inclusion and Social exclusion 

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Social inclusion and Social exclusion 

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When arriving to Australia, it is important to help refugees feel included and to not feel discriminate against. According to the (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024), 'around 1 in 5 refugees report that they often felt very lonely – 16% of males and 19% of females aged 35 and over in 2021.' This statistic shows how migrating does have a negative impact on refugees. 'Strong social networks may benefit physical and mental health through practical and emotional help and support' (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2024). Social exclusion such as unemployment, housing, education, health etc are all amenities people require to live safety. Having the support refugees need is a great way of showing social inclusion to help that person to become a healthy happy person in Australia.

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All Asylum Seekers Need Access to Mental Health Care. (2023, March 17). Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/03/17/all-asylum-seekers-need-access-mental-health-care

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Common health issues that refugees from Afghanistan may present with upon arrival to Australia.

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Common health issues that refugees from Afghanistan may present with upon arrival to Australia.

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Afghani refugees arriving to Australia may experience some health issues before or during their migration. Mental health disorders are very common within refugees as 'many adults and children from refugee backgrounds have experienced trauma and family separation’, according to the (Mental Health» Australian Refugee Health, n.d.). Language, finance, and family seperation may greatly impact people's mental health. In order to treat mental health conditions it is recommended that patients related to torture and trauma should be referred to a specialised torture and trauma service. (Mental Health» Australian Refugee Health, n.d.) In addition to therapy, other recommendations are sleepy higiene, exercising, talking with new friends and having a good nutrition.

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According to (Evason, 2019), 'Islam is the official religion of Afghanistan and the majority of the population is Muslim (approximately 99.7%)' This faith is centered around the belief in God (Allah). Islam followers also known as Muslims follow strict rules to be able to join into the community. (Islam’s Beliefs, Practices, and History | Britannica, n.d.) stated that 'Muslims pray five times a day, ... every believer is required to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, once in their life ... The month of Ramadan is set aside for fasting. During this time many things are forbidden as it is an act of worship to prove self restraint and gratitude. Muslims strictly fast from dawn until sunset (during daylight hours). Other things such as alcohol, pork and gambling are forbidden. (Islam’s Beliefs, Practices, and History | Britannica, n.d.)

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Afghanistan has a lot of cultural food choices, such as lamb and chicken which are widely enjoyed, with the Afghan lamb kebab a very popular street food. According to (McElroy, n.d.),'Traditionally, women do all the cooking and food preparation for the entire family and their guests." This is not surprising as Afghan women are usually doing all the house work. Afghanistan is quite a dry country so its nice to have a refreshing beverage. Most commonly tea is served with a meal. 'Every meal comes with tea, and every time in between meals are also tea times.' (Food and Drink, n.d.)

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Jr, T. Z. (2019, February 18). In Afghanistan, Replacing Shame With Understanding on the Topic of Menstruation. Undark Magazine. https://undark.org/2019/02/18/afghanistan-menstruation-taboo/

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Traditional health beliefs' in Afgahnistan

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Traditional health beliefs' in Afgahnistan

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There are many different health beliefs traditionally associated with  Afghani's. For example, (Sakhi et al., 2023) Found that 'In Afghanistan, Menstruation itself is a taboo that even women do not want to discuss it, and the majority of girls experienced shame and fear during their first period.' This false health belief has a negative impact on young women as they grow up to be ashamed and scared during their period.

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Women’s dress’ consists of fitting garments with bright colours such as green, blue, yellow and red. Women's clothing feature intricate hand embroidery. They are all typically made from silk, cotton or wool. Traditionally, men's attire consists of loose trousers and long sleeved shirts. Afghani women typically wear hijabs as an extra form of modesty. (Chamas, 2024)

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Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2024). Social determinants of health. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; Australian Government. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/australias-health/social-determinants-of-health

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Evason, N. (2019). Afghan Culture - Religion. Cultural Atlas. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/afghan-culture/afghan-culture-religion

Islam’s beliefs, practices, and history | Britannica. (n.d.). Www.britannica.com. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Islam#:~:text=Observant%20Muslims%20pray%20five%20times

‌Chamas, Z. (2024, March 5). Why Muslim women cover their hair with a hijab and the importance of modesty in Islam. ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-03-06/house-of-gods-exploring-hijab-islam-muslim-women/103376332

Food and Drink. (n.d.). SAIGA Tours. https://www.saigatours.com/details/afghanistan/afghanistan/food-and-drink/

McElroy, L. (n.d.). Customs and Cuisine of Afghanistan | Together Women Rise. Together Women Rise. https://togetherwomenrise.org/customsandcuisine/customs-and-cuisine-of-afghanistan/#:~:text=Lamb%20and%20chicken%20are%20widely

Mental Health» Australian Refugee Health. (n.d.). https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/mental-health/

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Sakhi, R., Jalalzai, S., Ahmadi, Z., Almaszada, R., Zarghoon, F. N., Mohammadi, R., … Hamidi, M. (2023). Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Related to Menstruation Among Female Students in Afghanistan. International Journal of Women’s Health, 15, 1139–1149. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S410660

Zeenatwears. (2023, January 11). Afghanistan Clothing Culture. Medium. https://medium.com/@zeenatwears/afghanistan-clothing-culture-d2eb6382d1ee