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Digital forensics is basically the modern day version of forensic science and deals with the investigation of materials found in digital evidence. The investigators collect data from devices that can stop cybercriminals and hackers. They also help with recovering data, while sometimes pin point where the attack came from.

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What are the challenges associated with digital forensics?

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What are the challenges associated with digital forensics?

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Digital forensics has a lot of challenges such as Encryption which allows criminals to hide there crimes. They can also hide data in storage space that allows criminals to hide information inside the storage medium. There is also a convert channel which allows criminals to bypass intrusion detection technique and hide data over the network. Another challenge is the legal challenges in India they have no digital guidelines for the collection of evidence so it destroys the potential to digital evidence.

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Describe and define the chain of custody for digital evidence? 

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Describe and define the chain of custody for digital evidence? 

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With any kind of digital evidence who ever is in contact or has contact with the evidence must be documented and logged. In the beginning the first investigator in contact must log the computer or evidence and copy everything down on some other document so everything can be saved without having to have that computer or evidence. There will always be hackers trying to erase that evidence so if they do it don't matter because you have everything you need because the investigator copied it down like they are supposed to do so the evidence can be admissible in court.

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Digital evidence is preserved and keep up with everything so it can be used in court.  There are many ways it is preserved such as computer hard drive, a mobile phone, a CD, and a flash card in a digital camera. The evidence is the information that is stored in binary form so it can be relied on in court. If the evidence isn't usually obtained by authorization it is inadmissible because most jurisdictions a warrant is required to seize and investigate the devices.

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What are ways that digital evidence may be presented?

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What are ways that digital evidence may be presented?

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Digital evidence is presented by going through case and trail and showing how they showed all of there evidence while not just jumping out there and just throwing up a phone or computer with the evidence on the screen. The evidence must be shown by the attorney or who ever is demonstrating the evidence in court. First the evidence must be determined to be relevant and has the ability to prove a fact. Then the court has to make sure that the person that has the evidence is telling the truth, and the last part is figuring out how to use the evidence and where it will fall in place to decide if it can really be used or it may be just something to think on.

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Encryption is securing digital data using one or more math techniques and it also uses passwords and keys to decrypt the information. The criminals take plain text and emails and scramble them into unreadable formats which helps protect the digital data stored on the system or transmitted through the networks like the internet. The purpose is to protect private information but sometimes criminals hide other people's information or sensitive data from them.

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The FBI arrested Zhang at the San Jose airport after he passed through the security checkpoint of terminal B. Zhang made his first appearance in federal court in San Jose on July 9, 2018 and on July 10 they releases him subject to GPS electronic monitoring and a $500,000 bond. They are trying to charge him with economic espionage, theft of trade secrets, and conspiring to commit both offenses today. Right now the maximum penalty for each violation is 15 years of custody and a fine of $250,000. He took documents and over 20 years of research and development to build. Him and a co-conspirators started a business to compete with Avago and Skyworks. The co-conspirators started a job at Avago they would share trade secrets with co-conspirators in China while working in the US they created a business to compete against the same companies they stole the 20 years worth of work from.

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Xiaolang Zhang

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Thursday, July 12, 2018 in San Jose California

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He stole trade secrets and documents from Apple. He took a confidential 25 page document containing detailed schematic drawings of a circuit board designed to be used in infrastructure of parts of an autonomous vehicle.

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Zhang knew that the theft would injure the owner of the trade secrets and they learned that he went to work for x-motors a company in china focused on electric and autonomous vehicles.

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What was the digital evidence used against him?

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What was the digital evidence used against him?

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Apple security confirmed that three days prior to April 30 his networks activity increased notably compared to the two years prior of employment. Most of his activity was consisted of downloading information from the project databases and the downloaded information contained trade secret intellectual property. He also bought a ticket for a plane form San Jose to Beijing, China with the final destination of Hangzhou.

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SAN JOSE - A federal grand jury in San Jose indicted Xiaolang Zhang on Thursday, July 12, 2018, for theft of trade secrets, announced Acting United States Attorney Alex G. Tse and Federal Bureau of Investigations, Special Agent in Charge John F. Bennett. Zhang was arraigned before U.S. Magistrate Judge Virginia K. DeMarchi today on charges of theft of trade secrets, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1832. Zang entered a plea of not guilty at the hearing.

According to the indictment, Zhang, 33, of San Jose, is alleged to have taken a confidential 25-page document containing detailed schematic drawings of a circuit board designed to be used in the critical infrastructure of a portion of an autonomous vehicle, knowing that the theft would injure the owner of the trade secrets, Apple, Inc.

Court documents filed in the case allege that on April 30, 2018, Zhang told Apple personnel that he was resigning from his job so that he could return to China to be closer to his mother who was ill. Apple immediately terminated Zhang's access to its computer systems and Apple personnel began a forensic analysis of Zhang's Apple-owned devices and network activity.

According to an affidavit filed in the case, Apple subsequently learned that Zhang went to work for X-MOTORS - a company focused on electric automobiles and autonomous vehicle technology with its headquarters in China. Apple security personnel confirmed that in the three days prior to April 30, 2018, Zhang's network activity increased notably compared to the prior two years of his employment. The majority of his activity consisted of downloading information from the project databases, and the downloaded information contained trade secret intellectual property.

On July 7, 2018, FBI Agents learned that Zhang purchased a last-minute round-trip airline ticket with no co-travelers, departing San Jose, Calif., on July 7, 2018, traveling to Beijing, China with a final destination of Hangzhou, China aboard Hainan Airlines. Federal agents intercepted and arrested Zhang at the San Jose International Airport after he had passed through the security checkpoint of Terminal B.

Zhang made his initial appearance in federal court in San Jose on July 9, 2018, before Magistrate Judge DeMarchi. On July 10, 2018, Zhang was released, subject to GPS electronic monitoring, on a $300K bond. Zhang's next appearance is scheduled for August 27, 2018, at 1:30 p.m., before the Honorable Edward J. Davila, U.S. District Judge.

An indictment merely alleges that crimes have been committed, and all defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. If convicted, the defendant faces a maximum sentence of 10 years in prison, and a fine of $250,000. In addition, the court may order that Zhang serve a term of supervised release of up to 3 years following the prison term plus restitution, if appropriate. However, any sentence following conviction would be imposed by the court after consideration of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and the federal statute governing the imposition of a sentence, 18 U.S.C. § 3553.

Assistant U.S. Attorneys Amie Rooney and Matt Parrella are prosecuting the case with the assistance of Elise Etter. The prosecution is the result of an investigation by the FBI.

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Former Apple Employee Indicted On Theft Of Trade Secrets

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SAN JOSE - A federal grand jury in San Jose indicted Xiaolang Zhang on Thursday, July 12, 2018, for theft of trade secrets, announced Acting United States Attorney Alex G. Tse and Federal Bureau of Investigations, Special Agent in Charge John F. Bennett. Zhang was arraigned before U.S. Magistrate Judge Virginia K.

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Now with the development and change in modern law enforcement over the past 30 years there has been advances in all technology also digital forensic technology which allows agencies to increase case efficiency and closure rates meaning more people are being convicted of crimes at a faster rate. Yes digital forensics is a invaluable resource most people can't even find out where a text or call is coming from now with digital forensics we can find out who,where,when, and how it was sent or who took the data, where they or it came from and when or what they took. Most cases today wouldn't even be solved if it wasn't for digital forensics because of the advanced technology now criminals can hide all kinds of things but there is no hiding if digital forensic have technology way better and faster. Us as a country wouldn't be too far without this because of how many cases has to be solved with some sort of technology, from a car crash to a person missing for a month. It helps everything with technological crimes.