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•OptRx Crop Sensors measure and record data about crop health in real-time using the reflectance of light emitted on the growing plants. The OptRx system then determines the vigour of the crop.

Example:

•http://www.agleader.com/products/directcommand/optrx-crop-sensors/

•http://www.agleader.com/products/

https://precisionagricultu.re/optrx-crop-sensors/

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Dualex and Multiplex sensor
Dualex is a sensor that measures flavanol, anthoyanin and chlorophyll indices. Its internal GPS is used for the geolocalization of the blocks. Its embedded datalogger brings large capabilities for data acquistion and storage.
Multiplex sensor is a hand multiparametic optical sensor . Its provides accurate and complete information on the physiological state of the crop, allowing real-time and non-destructive measurements of chlorophyl and polyphenols contents in leaves and flowers.

References

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex_(sensor)
http://www.dynamax.com/products/optics-for-polyphenol/dualex-scientific-polyphenol-chlorophyll-meter

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1.Muhammad Hakimi Bin Azwan(22DAG17F1082)
2.Wan Muhammad Haziz Bukhari Bin Wan Rahimi(22DAG17F1094)
3.Muhamad Sharulnizam Bin Sulong(22DAG17F1079)
4.Nurul Amalina Binti Mohamad Abdul Halim(22DAG17F1067)
5.Nur Iffah Binti Ramli(22DAG17F1013)

The Trimble GreenSeeker handheld crop sensor is an affordable, easy-to-use measurement device that can be used to assess the heath—or vigor—of a crop in order to make better nutrient management decisions on your farm.

Use the GreenSeeker handheld to instantly take a reading of your crop's health. Readings can be used to make non-subjective decisions regarding the amount of fertilizer to be applied to your crop, resulting in more efficient use of fertilizer—a benefit to your bottom line and the environment.

How it works
*The sensor emits brief bursts of red and infrared light, and then measures the amount of each type of light that is reflected back from the plant

*The sensor continues to sample the scanned area as long as the trigger remains engage.

*The sensor displays the measured value in terms of an NDVI reading (ranging from 0.00 to 0.99) on its LCD display screen

*The strength of the detected light is a direct indicator of the health of the crop; the higher the reading, the healthier the plant

Use the Connected Farm™ scout app on a smartphone or tablet to calculate fertilizer application rates from crop readings taken with the GreenSeeker handheld.

Reference
Govaerts, B., & Verhulst, N. (2010). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) Greenseeker (TM) handheld sensor: toward the integrated evaluation of crop management part A: concepts and case studies.
https://www.trimble.com/Agriculture/gs-handheld.aspx?tab=Product_Overview

https://agriculture.trimble.com/precision-ag/products/greenseeker/

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1. NUR HIDAYU BT SAHAR 22DAG16F2025
2. NIK NUR NABILAH BINTI MOHD NASIR 22DAG17F1070
3. WAN NURNASREEN AFIA BT WAN NAZRI 22DAG17F1055
4. NUR HAZIRAH BT PAUZI 22DAG17F1076
5. NUR AZNI BT NAWI 22DAG17F1073

CROP CIRLE SENSOR

The Crop Circle ACS-430 active crop canopy sensor provides classic vegetative index data as well as basic reflectance information from plant canopies and soil.

Unlike passive radiometric light sensors, the Crop Circle ACS-430 is not limited by ambient lighting conditions— measurements can be made day or night due to its unique, light source technology.

For on-the-go applications, the Crop Circle ACS-430 sensor can be mounted to virtually any type of vehicle to remotely sense and/or map plant or crop canopy biomass while driving through a field. The compact size and low weight design allows Crop Circle to be easily adapted to pole-mounted and handheld applications. Information produced by the sensor can be utilized to quantify the impact of nutrients, water, disease or other growing conditions on plants or crops.
https://hollandscientific.com/portfolio/crop-circle-acs-430/ retrieved at 21 January 2019

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Group F
Ummi Nabila bt Mohamad Lutfi 22DAG17F1108
Nur Aliaa Maisarah bt Mohd Noor 22DAG17F1117
Siti Solehah bt Ismail 22DAG17F1132
Nur Shafiza bt Safri 22DAG17F1064
Nurul Asrihah bt Zabudin 22DAG17F1088

DEFINISI
-Berkonfigurasi dengan 2 sensor , ianya ringan dan senang untuk di pasang.
-Dengan kedudukan sensor pada bumbung jentera, ia dapat mengurangkan potensi terhadap kerosakan tanaman atau peralatan .
-Sensor ini berkemampuan mengukur refleksi tanaman untuk menentukan kandungan klorofil di mana ia berkait rapat dengan kepekatan nitrogen dalam daun .
- Sensor ini tidak bersentuhan secara fizikal dengan tanaman , ia tepat , pembacaan yang stabil dan nilai kebolehulangan .

KELEBIHAN .
- Mengurangkan kos baja mengikut keperluan tanaman.
- Mengesan peratusan kawasan yang lebih besar untuk digunakan.

RUJUKAN .
• Kenneth A Sudduth, Newell R Kitchen, Scott T Drummond, (2011). Nadir and Oblique Canopy Reflectance Sensing for N Application in Corn. Retrieved on https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=38104

•Pullanagari, R., Yule, I. (2010) In-field methods of collecting crop reflectance data.Pp. 429 – 433.

•Matt Hopkins (2009). Topcon Unveils Cropspec Sensor. Retrieved on https://www.precisionag.com/systems-management/data/topcon-unveils-cropspec-sensor/

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The SPAD-502 meter is a hand-held device that is widely used for the rapid, accurate and non-destructive measurement of leaf chlorophyll concentrations. It has been employed extensively in both research and agricultural applications, with a range of different plant species. However, its utility has not been fully exploited in relation to the most intensively studied model organism for plant science research, Arabidopsis thaliana. Measurements with the SPAD-502 meter produce relative SPAD meter values that are proportional to the amount of chlorophyll present in the leaf.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49711984_Use_of_a_SPAD-502_meter_to_measure_leaf_chlorophyll_concentration_in_Arabidopsis_thaliana

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ISARIA SENSOR
The ISARIA system has been developed in keeping with these findings, enabling the optimum use of the yield capability of the soil. This means fertilisers or pesticides are used precisely at that place where they are actually needed in the field. Using the example of nitrogen fertilisation, this means even nitrogen balances – not just with regard to the whole field, but at every place within the field.

Discover an optimum, balanced crop management system and learn how your business and the environment can benefit. The ISARIA system will add precision to your crop farming management, providing for optimum use of the yield potential of your fields, and increasing the quality of your products and economic efficiency at the same time.

Calculating

Precise mapping of the nutritional status

Long years of testing of all crops

Needs-based crop management

Establishing the optimum application amount

No saturation effect in the measuring range

Wireless data transfer

Individual software in modular form

Immediate data evaluation

Application

Control of application technology via RS232

Precisely dosed, needs-based application

Logging and georeferenced recording of the amount of fertilisers or pesticides used

Benefits

Highest economic efficiency

Utilizing yield potential

Better and more consistent product quality

Avoids lodging

Ecologically advantageous

ISARIA – intelligent, efficient, sustainable

http://fritzmeier-umwelttechnik.com/isaria/?lang=en
Retrieved at 21 January 2019

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1.NIK MOHAMMAD AZFAR FAKMI BIN SHAIFUDDIN
(22DAG17F1019)
2.MUHAMMAD IRFAN BIN ZAINISHAM
(22DAG17F1061)
3.MOHAMAD AFFANDI BIN MOHD SHUKRI
(22DAG17F1016)
4 MUHAMAD ALIFF BIN ROSLAN
(22DAG17F1022)
5.MUHAMAD ADAM BIN AZEMAN
(22DAG17F1052)

The clorofiLOG is a device that allows you to identify the situation of the crops in a simple and direct way. Chlorophyll content is proportional to key nutrients, such as nitrogen. Using cloroflOG it is possible to identify and correct deficiencies quickly and directly in the field.

DIAGNOSTIC TOOL

The measurement of the chlorophyll content is made with the living plant without damaging it and quickly. clorofiLOG allows monitoring the nutritional status of the plant during its development, not only between one crop and another.

The chlorophyll content in the leaves of the plant is proportional to the amount of nitrogen it has absorbed. Thus, with clorofiLOG it is possible to know areas of cultivation that are deficient in nitrogen and to correct fertilization. Or, you can know where the nitrogen levels are already satisfactory and avoid unnecessary waste of fertilizer.

TECHNOLOGY

With unique technology, clorofiLOG uses 3 waveleghts of light, allowing detailed analysis and accurate and fast measurements. These measurements can be instantly visualized or stored for computer analysis. The optical measurement analyzes the absorption of light by the leaf, indicating the presence of chlorophyll.

PROTECTING THE ENVIORNMENT

Much of the pollution generated by agriculture is felt by the high levels of nitrates in rivers. So it is important to make rational use of fertilizers, avoiding waste that is not used by plants and end up polluting the soil and rivers. With clorofiLOG the producer can dispense the correct amount of fertilizers in agriculture and help reduce this type of contamination in the water, preserving the environment.

-https://www.google.com/search?q=ClorofiLOg+Brazil&oq=ClorofiLOg+Brazil&aqs=chrome..69i57.9663j0j1&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
-http://www.falker.com.br/en/product-clorofilog-chlorophyll-meter.php

# data[].attributes.body
1) WAN ABDUL AZIM BIN WAN MUSTAPHA (22DAG17F1114)
2)MUHAMAD AZWAN BIN MOHAMAD JOHARI (22DAG17F1010)
3)MUHAMMAD RAHMAT BIN MUHAMMAD ABDUL LATIF (22DAG17F1126)
4)MUHAMMAD IKHMAL BIN MAT YUSOFF (22DAG17F1099)
5)MUHAMAD IKRAM BIN MAT ZAIK (22DAG16F2018)

>Developed at Yara’s R & D centre in Germany, The N-Sensor is mounted on the front of the tractor cab and measures the nitrogen demand using crop specific light reflectance. The N-Sensor bases its measurements on specific wavelengths of light to establish exact levels of biomass and colour within the leaf. The data is transferred to the spreader which adjusts the application rate accordingly, thus reducing the environmental effects of run-off and maximising yield. It has been in use on arable farms since 1996. The Grass Sense project has taken the N-Sensor and conducted trials on UK grassland, and has shown that uniform application of nitrogen fertiliser results in overand under-fertilisation with optimum N rates for 1st cut silage varying substantially from 60 to 165 kg N/ha (UK trial). The trials have shown N uptake in grassland can be predicted very accurately which has resulted in the release of the N-Sensor grass calibration.

Stated potential benefits are:

Increased yields

Fertiliser savings

Grass quality improvements

Less lodging

Reduced N run-off

http://www.maphsmart.co.uk/index.php?page=application-services
https://www.4d4f.eu/content/how-can-sensor-technology-improve-efficiency-grassland-production