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Тексти для читання.слухання

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Тексти для читання.слухання

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This web site is for people studying English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL). There are quizzes, word games, word puzzles, proverbs, slang expressions, anagrams, a random-sentence generator and other computer assisted language learning activities. Even though the primary focus is for ESL, native English speakers may also find some interesting things on this site. This site is non-commercial and has no advertising. TESL/TEFL teachers may want to recommend this site to their students.

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Interesting Things for ESL/EFL Students (Fun English Study)

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This web site is for people studying English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL). There are quizzes, word games, word puzzles, proverbs, slang expressions, anagrams, a random-sentence generator and other computer assisted language learning activities.

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Есе написання

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Есе написання

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The common form of academic writing is a research paper that requires students to find information about a topic give a point of view on that topic and provide support for that position in organized writing. So you are given the assignment to write a research paper and you are not pretty sure about the steps on how to write it. Don't worry I am going to walk you through the 12 easy steps to write a great research paper.

Writing advisors have different methods but I think there are some basic steps to writing a good research paper and it doesn't involve just typing out as many words on a topic that you can possibly think of. You can adjust accordingly based on your assignment and your general research and writing speed. Follow the steps below to write a good research paper.

12 Easy Steps to Write a Great Research Paper

1. Understand the Instructions

Read through the instructions for the assignment thoroughly and make notes! It's obviously really important to understand exactly what the assignment is asking for and as early as possible. You don't want to find that you don't understand something when you are down to the wire.

So if you want to get a good grade, you need to follow the assignment instructions even if you think its a dumb assignment. Take your time to understand the assignment completely.

2. Choose a Topic

After you've figured out what the assignment is asking for, you'll need to pick a topic. You can pick one out of the air, but I would suggest choosing a couple of topics that seem interesting to you and then doing some superficial research just to make sure that there is enough interesting information out there to do a paper on.

If you don't do this, you may have to change your topic later in the process after you've wasted considerable mental energy. This step can take 1-2 hours depending on how much research you do on your possible topics.

3. Build a Basic Outline

Now that you have a topic, you are going to build a basic outline for your paper based on the instructions given. Just make a list of the sections and some bullets underneath them to give more detail. At this point, you haven't fully researched yet, so this outline won't be very detailed until you do.

If your teacher or professor provides exemplars or examples of exemplary papers from previous classes, these always can help you build a good outline. Moreover, do not hesitate to completely rip off a good structural design for a paper! As long as it flows with the way you think. This should take you no more than an hour.

4. Make a list of Relevant Research Studies

Now you are going to use all of your resources, online and otherwise, to make a list of studies and articles to read for your paper. You can use Google Scholar or if your learning institution has a library portal, you will have even better access to research journals and other scholarly resources. For this step, you are just gathering a giant list of things to read that may be relevant for your research. Compiling this list can take 2 to 4 hours.

5. Read Research And Make Notes

This is the step where you actually read through the studies and the articles and the papers on your list. Plan for this to take a little while. Remember you need to read and take notes as you read.

You can keep all of your quotes from the literature and a giant spreadsheet and highlight and copy it into a spreadsheet. Any quotes that you might need to reference like an important piece of data, good arguments, examples, and findings from studies, you can cut and paste all of those quotes into a spreadsheet that is referenced back to the original articles.

Remember you don't usually need to read the entire journal article if you are mostly interested in the results of the study, instead, you can simply quote the findings which can usually be found in the abstract. If you are citing liberally from a book, you can try to get that book in kindle format so that you can export those highlights into your spreadsheet. This step can take a really long time.

6. Categorize Highlights by Topic

Once you have a giant list of highlights, you can read back through them all and as you do you should try to categorize each quote roughly mapping back to your outline. This way you can easily find the quotes and information you need. Sometimes you may need more granular categories so you can also create a subcategory column.

7. Make Decisions by Mind Map

As you are reading through the research that you have gathered, you might have to make some decisions about what are the strongest points to make in your paper, so how do you come to these decisions.

Sometimes you can use a mind map to gather your thoughts. A mind map is a visual tool to help you see how ideas are related to each other. Try to determine the three strongest arguments that you want to present. You write your main topic in the center and then you write down all the ideas that have emerged from your research then you are going to move those ideas that are related and you will start to see some patterns emerge showing which arguments have the most back up in literature.

Remember it's not always required but if you are at all visual mind maps will help you to see relationships and make decisions.

8. Fill in Outline With Research

Sort your reference spreadsheet based on the paper section and now beef up your outline with the information from your research. If you have three arguments to make, add those statistics data findings and quotes that support those arguments. This step is not required but it helps to make the writing process much faster.

9. Write Draft

Now you are going to work off of your detailed outline or off of your basic outline and reference spreadsheet if you would skip the last step and start writing your draft. At the drafting stage instead of filling in full APA formatted references and citations, you can use the reference numbers from your spreadsheet otherwise you may break the flow of writing.

10. Edit Paper, Fix APA And Fill in References

It's best to put a little time between this step and the last one just to clear your brain. You may aim for at least 24 hours even better. This is when you reread, you can edit Grammar, you look at sentence structure, etc.

You can print out your work and edit with a red pen meanwhile you can also fix your APA or writing style problems and format all of your citations. You can format all of your citations on a spreadsheet and then sort them alphabetically before pasting them into your paper. This way you can save the hassle of alphabetizing as you go. You can give yourself at least 4 hours for this step.

11. Find a Second Reader

You can find a good writing advisor and ask him or her to read your papers and have the advisor's feedback about your writing. If you don't have access to a writing advisor, you can get a friend or a colleague whose opinion you respect to read through it. Also, read the following article for this step.

12. Make Final Edit And Submit

Implement whatever suggestions came from your second reader, provided that you agree with them and give it one last read through and submit.

These are the steps that you follow for decent research papers. Please let me know what you think. Your comments and feedback are always appreciated.

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12 Easy Steps to Write a Great Research Paper - Learn ESL

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The common form of academic writing is a research paper that requires students to find information about a topic give a point of view on that topic and provide support for that position in organized writing. So you are given the assignment to write a research paper and you are not pretty sure about the steps on how to write it.

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Advanced Listening | Interview with an Actress | esl-lounge Student

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Interview with an Actress. A famous actress is interviewed about her recent work.

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Formal Letter

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Formal letters - they can shape others' perceptions of you, inform the reader of a serious issue, or get you a job. There are two main types of business letter styles: block style and Administrative Management Style (AMS). Block style is...

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What is a Weather Report?

A weather report can be defined as,
"A written or spoken statement describing what the weather has been like recently, what it is like at the moment or what it will be for a period in the future." "A daily report of meteorological observations, and of probable changes in the weather; esp. one published by government authority".
Writing a Weather Report

A weather report is a bit technical as compared to other report writing you have been practicing earlier. You need to choose words and phrases correctly and present the information gathered in the language of meteorologists.

Information Items in a Typical Weather Report Format

Weather report writing has its own format which is precise, to the point and delivers facts and prediction right on hand. A weather report article or analysis typically includes the statement of current weather conditions along with a weather forecast for the next 24 hours.

Following are the important information elements included in a typical weather analysis report:

Stn: Station ID

Temp: Present temperature (°C)

MinT: Minimum temperature (°C) recorded over the last 18 hours

MaxT: Maximum temperature (°C) recorded over the last 18 hours

RH: Present RH (%)

WndDir: Wind direction

WndSpd: Wind speed (km/h)

WndGust: Wind gust (km/h)

Rain_mm: Rain since last report (mm)

Snow_cm: Snow since last report (cm)

Hail_mm: Hail since last report (mm)

FFMC - Fine Fuel Moisture Code

ISI - Initial Spread Index

DMC - Duff Moisture Code

BUI - Build Up Index

DC - Drought Code

DSR - Daily Severity Rating

FWI - Fire Weather Index

Corporate Rgn: Name of corporate region the weather station is associated with.

Step By Step Guide for Writing A Weather Report

Go through the following steps carefully to learn what is required and not required in a weather report. These steps will help you in building a strong foundation on weather reporting.

Get Sample Weather Reviews from Your Local and National Weather Services

Before writing a weather report, visit the National Weather Service and ask them to show you a few samples on weather reporting. This will give you a good idea of the information required.You can also visit official websites of local weather agencies and ask for online assistance.

Provide Complete Weather Statistics

For writing a weather report, you need to provide an overall view of the weather condition of your area. This will include humidity, dew point, Ultraviolet ray index, direction and speed of wind, temperature, barometric pressure, rating of air quality and precipitation amount. Mentioning the timings of sunrise and sunset and visibility information would be a plus.

Include Average Temperatures of the Current Year

Your weather report must include the average low and high temperature for the current year. Historical information about the weather changes taking place since past few years is optional.

Helpful Resources for Weather Analysis

Satellite map and weather forecasting are the two key tools which will help you greatly in creating a weather report.

Satellite Map

With the help of satellite map, explain the temperature and other weather indications for the past few hours. Point out the areas under pressure and explain why it is so; based on the wind and storm pressure information.

Make educated guess about how the weather would be like in the next couple of hours. A satellite map will also show you the weather conditions of the neighboring areas; on this basis, you can predict weather changes of your city or state.

Weather Forecast

Weather forecast makes a significant part of weather report. It can be defined as:
"An attempt at predicting rain, wind, temperature, and sunshine with the probability of success rapidly diminishing over time." "It is the prediction of the weather through application of the principles of physics and meteorology. Weather forecasting predicts atmospheric phenomena and changes on the Earth's surface caused by atmospheric conditions (snow and ice cover, storm tides, floods, etc.). Scientific weather forecasting relies on empirical and statistical techniques, such as measurements of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, and precipitation, and computer-controlled mathematical models."
The weather forecast you mention in your report must be for three or seven days. Do not forecast the weather conditions for months because long term forecasts are less accurate therefore, less reliable. The forecast can be made by studying the satellite map or taking help of meteorologists.

When writing a weather forecast, you need to state the general weather conditions such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, stormy, cloudy, low and high temperature and weather warnings like tornadoes, flooding etc.

Writing Style of a Weather Report Review

The writing style of weather forecast must be to the point; no fillers are required. You must choose your words and phrases correctly and arrange them in a way that the information looks precise and accurate, and fits well in one or two lines.

Examples of Weather Reports

The following examples will give you a good idea on how to write a weather report. Also note the difference in formatting.
Partly cloudy in the evening, becoming cloudy overnight. Low around 55 F. Winds S at 5 to 10 mph Sun may give way to rain for this evening, with a 10 percent chance of precipitation and a low of 50 degrees. Winds are expected to remain calm at 9 mph Clear with cloudy periods; a slight chance of showers or thundershowers Mostly clear with showers likely. Slight chance of a thunderstorm. 3 to 6 mm of rain

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A weather report can be defined as, "A written or spoken statement describing what the weather has been like recently, what it is like at the moment or what it will be for a period in the future." "A daily report of meteorological observations, and of probable changes in the weather; esp.

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НАвчальні відео

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НАвчальні відео

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A Single Life (Past Simple vs Past Continuous Practice)

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10 multiple choice questions to practice the past simple vs the past continuous tense. Featured grammar points: 1. Use the past simple + past simple to talk about a sequence of events. 2. Use the past continuous + past simple combo to talk about an ongoing action that was interrupted by another event.

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Sentence transformation English language worksheet. You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf.

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First, let's review what a resume isn't.

It isn't a log of your job history.

It isn't a summary of skills.

It isn't going to automatically get you a job.

Think of your resume this way: It's an advertisement, and you are the product. Your goal is to get hiring managers to buy into what you're selling - which means giving you an interview.

To accomplish that, you need to see it as your marketing tool, your trusty belt buckle of tricks. Without it, you are powerless. However, simply having a one isn't enough to get you an interview.

Much like the flashing neon signs along the Vegas Strip, hiring managers are attracted to well-formatted resumes with attention-grabbing details. Statistics back this up - for instance, studies show that 8 out of 10 resumes are discarded with only a 10-second glance.

To stand out from the crowd, it's important that you know what to put on a resume to quickly demonstrate your ability. Otherwise, it might get thrown into the "no" pile before the hiring manager sees the full extent of your experience.

"A guiding principle of the resume writing profession is that there are no hard and fast rules."

To help you do this, we've written easy-to-follow steps on how to write a resume. From industry-specific formatting and writing suggestions to proper fonts and margins, we're here to break it all down for you.

Are you ready to learn how to make a resume that lands you your dream job?

Step 1: Choose From 3 Formats

So you are staring at a blank page on your computer wondering, " What is a resume and how do I start writing one?" Hundreds ask this same question every day and the reason is most likely due to the fact that there is no standard rule for formatting a resume.

To get started, try organizing all your information with a resume outline. This helps you see where your strengths and weaknesses are, and what aspects of your professional history you need to emphasize. Then, decide on what resume format is right for your application.

Your formatting decision comes down to 3 choices: Reverse-Chronological, Functional, and Combination. Each format has their own advantages and disadvantages, and each one orders the sections of a resume in a unique way. Below, you will find which one is best for you.

Format 1: Reverse-Chronological

This is the most traditional format, and what you're most likely to encounter in the real world (as an applicant or hiring manager). Chronological resume formats are generally more flexible, and can be used by applicants with any level of experience.

Details about the resume sections of this format:

1. Contact Information - The most consistent element across all three resume formats, contact details must be outlined near the top.

2. Resume Objective - This type of resume introduction can be used by anyone, and allows job-seekers to tailor their resume to their employer.

3. Work Experience - For this format, you must have a consistent work history (or one that isn't too patchy).

4. Additional Skills - Your skills section can still be used to highlight personal attributes you're proud of.

5. Education - Your degrees (any) and certifications (if relevant) should be prominent.

6. Accomplishments - Be sure to mention your most impressive awards and honors.

Format 2: Functional

While chronological places emphasis on career progression, a functional resume is for a skills-based resume. Since it heavily emphasizes the applicant's qualifications, functional format is more suitable for those with an expert level of experience.

The functional format has many of the same resume sections as the chronological, but with some key differences:

Details about the sections on this format:

1. Contact Information - Regardless of your format, this will be always near or at the top of your resume.

2. Resume Introduction - The functional resume uses a more robust introduction, such as a qualifications summary to highlight your strongest areas right off the bat.

3. Work Experience - Note how small this section is, and how time periods are omitted. This is to de-emphasize experience, and highlight other sections.

4. Relevant Skills Section - Skills are the greatest selling point for someone who lacks a clear work history, so this section must be robust.

5. Education - Include your highest degree, and feel free to list a key (relevant) certification here too.

6. Accomplishments - If you have any notable work-related awards, list the most significant.

Format 3: Combination

As you can probably guess, the combination resume format merges bits and pieces from both chronological and functional formats. Like the functional format, it focuses on specific qualifications, yet the body of the document contains professional experience similar to chronological format. This format is generally reserved for those with a great deal of experience in a particular industry.

Details about this format's sections:

1. Contact Information - Similar to the other two formats, contact details are at the top.

2. Professional Profile - Users of the combination format are often highly skilled, and the professional profile can highlight these skills in a concise way.

3. Work Experience - Experience is more fleshed out in a combination resume than it is in its functional counterpart.

4. Skills Section - With your arsenal of work-related skills, you can divide them into two sections based on importance.

5. Education - For someone using a combination format, education is less crucial. However, it's still definitely worth placing on the resume.

Before delving into what information you should add, it's important to remember that the information you include will largely depend on the format you choose. With that being said, below is a general guide to what information you should add and the order in which you should add it.

Name (largest font on page, middle initial is optional)

Mailing Address

Telephone Number (Check that you have an appropriate voicemail message)

Email Address (make sure it's appropriate, don't use your sexypanda45@gmail.com account.)

Link to online portfolio (optional, ensure it is relevant to the position)

LinkedIn Profile

Here are 3 different examples of how you can format your contact information section (pay attention to the yellow borders):

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Also, be careful not to accidentally add the contact information in the resume header, as applicant tracking systems may not be able to read it.

Step 3: Select (& Write) a Winning Resume Introduction

Job seekers have five primary choices to pick from when writing a resume introduction:

1. The resume objective (also known as a career objective)

2. The summary of qualifications (or qualifications summary)

3. The resume profile (sometimes referred to as a professional profile)

4. The resume summary (also called a professional summary)

5. The resume "About Me" section

Resume introductions are all written with the same goal in mind: to gain the attention of a prospective employer by highlighting relevant skills and experience.

However, the method through which each introduction achieves this goal differs. See below:

Resume Intro 1: Qualifications Summary

With regards to format, the qualifications summary is a bullet point list (ranging from 4 to 6 points) of your most outstanding career achievements. Avoid using generic statements and try to list your skills in a way reflects your unique voice.

Resume Intro 2: Resume Objective

A resume objective (or career objective) is a 2-3 sentence statement that provides an overview of your skills and experience. This intro is best for entry-level candidates.

Resume Intro 3: Professional Profile

The professional profile is a combination of both the career objective and qualifications summary. It is also the most flexible of the four styles as it can be formatted as a short paragraph or bullet-point list.

Resume Intro 4: Resume Summary

Resume summaries (sometimes referred to as "professional summaries") include four to five bulleted sentences that highlight your past achievements by using quantifiable data. To make this data stand out, each sentence includes a bolded subheading to guide hiring managers to your most marketable traits.

Finally, when deciding what skills to add to either of the two, try to target skills specific to the job you are applying for. Don't just simply copy and paste skills right out of the job description (although you can use a few words strategically - we'll get to that shortly). Instead, try to use resume words that are common in the industry.

Still not sure how to begin your own resume? Our simple resume introduction flowchart will show you how to start a resume that inspires interviews .

Step 4: Highlight Your Relevant Work Experience

This section is one of the most essential parts of a resume, and is where you are tasked with proving the skills you've listed in your qualifications summary or career objective. When it comes to labeling this section some use "Relevant Experience," or "Work Experience" as an alternative to "Professional Experience."

Remember to list your work experiences in reverse chronological order and only list experience that is relevant to the job you are applying for. For each company create a heading including the company's name, city and state, your title, and the dates of employment (month and year).

If you're still currently working at a company, you can simply write "[month], [year]-present" for the employment dates.

A general rule is that each experience have around 3-5 bullet points of your main duties and achievements.
3 Parts of a strong bullet point:

Trained 5+ cashiers, managing their cash limits and guaranteeing quality customer service at all times.

Example 2: (Note that the Quantifiable Point does not need to come immediately after the action verb)

Spearheaded the development of the first media kit amalgamation for all company projects, increasing national sales by 8%.

The above bullet points are great examples because they use action verbs to help to snatch the attention of hiring managers. When writing your past experiences don't forget to write your action verbs in past tense.

Tailor Your Experience to the Job Advertisement

One strategy for making your experience section even better is to create it with a specific job advertisement/company in mind (also see how to tailor your resume education section). Finding certain key verbs and occupation-specific nouns inside the ad, then spreading them cleverly throughout your resume, is a great way to strike a chord with the hiring manager.

Check out the following marketing specialist posting (with green underlines for verbs blue for nouns/skills)from Indeed.com:

For an aspiring marketing specialist, there are numerous language cues spread throughout this advertisement. It's up to the job seeker to capitalize on them.

Using the ad above, we've created three example experience bullets for a resume where the applicant has one year of relevant experience.

3 Example Experience Bullets (Based on Job Ad)

The example below demonstrates how to candidate strategically pepper the verbs and nouns/skills found in the job ad into your work experience section:

Taylord's Marketing Firm, Reno, NV
July 2017 - August 2018

Analyzed SEO data points using Google Analytics, prepared relevant presentations

Pitched various digital marketing solutions to clients, with a 98% success rate

Worked with cross-channel teams to develop creative marketing strategies, boosting sales 37% in one year

Step 5: Create a Pro Education Section

Having a solid education section helps to display the foundation of your knowledge and expertise. Depending on your professional experience, you may want to consider switching the order of the professional experience and education sections.

For instance, college or high school students that lack seasoned professional experience benefit from emphasizing their education by placing it before the professional experience section.

On the other hand, if you possess a wealth of professional experience, then it's appropriate to keep this section short and sweet.

Here are the main points to include in your education section:

The names of your university, community college, or technical school (Don't include high school unless you did not attend college)

Location of the schools (city, state)

Date of graduation (month, year)

Degree(s)

GPA (only include GPA on your resume if you're writing a college graduate resume and your GPA is above 3.0. Round up to the first decimal place, and use this format: 3.5/4.0)

Here are three examples of how you can format an education section:

Example 1 (Construction Worker)

Example 2 (Business Analyst)

Example 3 (College Student)

Step 6: Use a Range of Hard & Soft Skills in Your Resume

Hiring managers are on the lookout for skilled individuals. While listing a heap of skills on your resume doesn't actually prove you're skilled, spreading your various capabilities throughout your resume will catch the eye of whoever is vetting your application.

Fitting various skills into your resume's introduction and even work experience section will help strengthen your candidacy. And of course, there's a skills section for you to really dive in there depending on your field. But first:

Hard vs. Soft Skills: What's the Difference?

Hard Skills

To keep it concise: hard skills are concrete, quantifiable abilities. Language fluency, competency using computer programs, or being able to operate heavy machinery all count as types of hard skills. Here's a list of 24 popular hard skills on a resume:

Accounting Tools (SAP, Oracle, etc.)

Web Architecture

Data Presentation

Technical Reporting

Software QA and User Testing

Foreign Languages

Software Development

Statistical Analysis and Data Mining

Automative Services

Public Speaking

Cloud Apps (JSON, Rest, etc.)

Database Management and Software

Adobe Creative Suite

Data Engineering and Data Warehousing

Content Management Systems (CMS)

Vulnerability Analysis

Perl / Python / Ruby

Mac, Linux, and Unix Systems

Java Development

Business Intelligence

Bookkeeping

UX / UI Design

Soft Skills

Soft skills, on the other hand, are more personality-centric traits. Things like being a team player, being driven to succeed, or having a great attitude all fall under this general umbrella. Below is a table of 24 soft skills that employers are on the lookout for:

Here's what including both types of skills on a resume might look like. Soft skills are underlined in blue, and hard skills are marked in red.

A great resume has a balance of both hard and soft skills. If you feel like you're lacking in either and the above tables didn't quite do it for you, we have a guide to the top ten hard skills employers love plus a giant list of soft skills for you to peruse at your leisure.

Technical Skills

Some careers, such as those in the IT or engineering fields, require specialized knowledge and hands-on skills. Within the IT industry, a software manager's responsibilities will differ from company to company. A technical skills section is helpful in showcasing your knowledge of specific systems.

To prevent this section from taking up too much space, try breaking up this section into categories and list your skills within each. For example:

Software: Proficient in Microsoft Office Suite, Visio, and Oracle

Programming Languages: Excel at HTML, C++, and Python

If you're not sure how to achieve this, check out our information technology (IT) applicant's resume, and note how his technical skills are at the front and center:

The "Skills" or "Additional Skills" Section of Your Resume

Additional skills sections are a ubiquitous element of the modern resume. Since you likely plan on including your own, make sure it's concise and only includes skills relevant to the job you're applying for.

Note that great additional skills sections often end up being a combination of hard and soft skills. This section is similar to technical skills, but is often used by job seekers working in fields that don't specifically require advanced competencies.

If you have a wide swath of abilities, feel free to break this section into hard and soft skills, like so:

Even if you have already added skills to your career objective or qualifications summary, it doesn't hurt to add a few more. For instance, someone like an IT manager who works with a wide array of programs and techniques will in turn have a wide range of skills to fill both their qualifications summary and additional skills section.

Step 7: Tie in Key Certifications, Awards, & Honors

By now you've already added the nuts and bolts to your resume. Below are a few sections you may want to consider adding to help strengthen it.

Certifications/Licenses

The certifications section is the most important of the other sections you can include, but adding a certifications or licenses section is largely dependent on your industry. For example, the nursing field has strict licensing requirements while the customer service sector does not.

If your industry requires certifications the hiring manager will be intent on finding them in your application. Make sure to thoroughly research your industry to find any relevant certifications or licenses you may have missed.

Publications

Adding a publications sections is important for graduate students who have published articles that are relevant to the job they are applying to. List your articles in reverse chronological order by publishing date. Choose the referencing style that is appropriate to your discipline.

It also acceptable to add works that have yet to be published. You may label these as "Works in Progress" or "Submitted for Publication." Here is an example of how a publications section may appear in a resume.

Awards/Honors/Activities

This section adds another layer of customization to your resume by providing evidence of your abilities. Adding relevant awards and activities helps you stand out from your competition. If this section becomes too lengthy, feel free to break them up into smaller sections. Here are some items to consider adding:

Step 8: Stylize Your Resume

Whew! So the hard part is over. You have all your content typed up and you are feeling confident about getting that interview. Now for the finishing touches. It's time to design your resume. But first, let's address one of the more controversial elements of writing a resume:

How many pages should a resume be?

This is the most argued point of resume writing. Some professionals vigorously discourage applicants from going over one page, while others argue that in some instances it is acceptable. The bottom line is this: if you have information that is highly relevant to the position you are applying for, then go ahead and add an extra page.

Otherwise, make it one page. If you are just adding fluff for the sake of adding pages, your resume will suffer.

Choose a Suitable Font & Size

Certain resume fonts are best suited for particular industries. There are some broad Dos and Don'ts when it comes to choosing your font and sizes:

For sizing, many resumes follow a 24, 12, 10 format. This means that the name is 24 pt, the body headers are 12 pt, and the bullet points are 10 pt.

"If the hiring manager needs to put on their glasses just to make out your experience, then your application will be on one-way trip to the trash can."

This is by no means a rule, but rather a guideline to consider following. Just remember to keep readability in mind when choosing sizes. If the hiring manager needs to put on their glasses just to make out your experience, then you might as well throw away your application yourself.

When choosing your font, the choice will come down to a "serif" style or a "sans serif" style. The major difference is that serif fonts have small lines on the ends of their letters, while the sans serif does not. Again, the choice is based on your preference, and what you think will be the easiest for a potential employer to read.

It's worth noting whether your resume is a paper version or an electronic version. For a paper version it's better to use serif fonts, while electronic versions look better in sans serif fonts. Below are some popular font choices.

Add Some Strategic Lines

Lines are great to use to help break up the resume and allow potential employers to better process the information. Line breaks commonly begin after the career objective or qualifications summary. From there, they are used to break each subsequent section.

How you divide your resume is ultimately up to you, but just don't go page break crazy for every bit of information. Too many page breaks will ruin its readability.

Here are three ways of implementing lines into your resume for you to consider:

Use Effective Margins

Margins are the first thing a potential employer will notice about your resume, so it's important that they are appropriately set. One inch margins are the safe bet for applicants that lack experience. If you have a wealth of experience that you are trying to fit to one page then it is acceptable to reduce to the margins.

We advise caution when reducing the margins. If they are too small, your pages will look overcrowded. To be safe, it's recommended to not go below .5".

Step 9: Write a Matching Cover Letter

Now that you know how to write your dream resume, you might be wondering: is a cover letter necessary? The answer is yes, always include a cover letter if you have the option.

Knowing how to write a good cover letter and then pairing one with your resume will round out your application and is going to boost your chances of landing an interview.

Your cover letter gives you a chance to connect with a hiring manager on a deeper level than your resume does, and together these two crucial documents work in tandem to get you satisfying work. But be sure to check out our full list of cover letter tips when you write yours to guarantee you're hitting all the right points.

Here's an example of what a resume paired with a matching cover letter might look like (we think it looks pretty sharp):

Inspired? We have a boatload of free cover letter templates and matching resume templates for you to download if you're in a hurry to get started.

You've already put the energy into learning how to write a great resume - there's no reason to not put in some effort and make the best cover letter possible.

Step 10: Proofread Your Resume & Finish Strong

Once you've written your resume and cover letter, you're in pretty good shape to send out that first application. However, you're not quite done yet.

Edit & Proofread (More Than Once)

Even if you're a Harvard-educated doctoral candidate or the state spelling bee champion, proofreading and editing your application documents can still save you from potentially embarrassing mistakes.

Read it over several times yourself at different times of the day to be sure everything is looking sharp. Something that sounded good the night before might not look as great in the morning once the sun comes up and you're better rested.

Also, hand it off to a friend or family member who can give it a run-through. If they're unable to decipher your resume and cover letter, it's a good sign that you may need to make some adjustments.

Save Your Files (In Multiple Formats and Multiple Places)

While most hiring managers will be able to open a Microsoft Word document, it doesn't hurt to also save your resume in PDF form as well.

You can also save copies on your computer, print off several for your own records, and even upload your documents to Google Drive - ensuring that if anything suddenly happened to your computer, your hard work would be saved on the cloud.

Email Your Application (Like a Boss)

Writing an effective email is an art form. If you can master it, you'll be in high demand for a wide range of jobs related to assisting customers and clients.

It's crucial that you don't come off as overly polite, because it will make you sound insincere. However, you don't want to appear cold or standoffish either.

There are four keys to writing an email that gets attention from hiring managers for the right reasons:

1. Use the hiring manager's name. Avoid "To Whom It May Concern," because it's stodgy and lazy).

2. Make sure your email flows well, and has no flagrant spelling or grammar errors. Re-read it yourself, and have a friend or family member take a look too.

3. Attach your application documents in multiple formats (Word and PDF should do the trick).

4. Include a "Call to Action." Let them know you'd be happy to communicate via email, but give them a phone number to reach you at as well. Also, politely let them know you'll be in touch after a week if you haven't heard from them by that point.

Be sure you don't have any compromising photos of yourself strewn about the internet, because hiring managers might be on the lookout for them.

With a well-edited resume and cover letter locked down and an excellent application email drawn up, your job prospects are in a good place. Stay optimistic, and the hard work will pay off.

Conclusion

You've made it! Give yourself a pat on the back. At this point, you should be familiar with the ins and outs of how to make a resume perfectly tailored to your next job prospect. Plus, you should even be on the right track to pair that resume with a top-notch cover letter, and smoothly send out your full application to your future employer.
Does all of this sound a little bit too demanding? If so, let our free resume builder do all of the hard work for you.
Resume Writing FAQs

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How to Write a Great Resume | The Complete Guide

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A well-written resume (or CV) will hugely impact your job hunt. Our comprehensive writing guide will help you make a resume that turns heads and lands you interviews. Our expert's A to Z walkthrough covers every detail of the writing process - with this guide, you won't miss a step.

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В Curriculum Vitae (CV) ми маємо максимально стисло та позитивно змалювати професійний автопортрет, а форма і стиль цього документу багато скажуть HR про твою особистість. Розповідаємо, як написати резюме англійською мовою так, аби в цю "картину" закохався кожен рекрутер не менше, ніж арт-критики в Мону Лізу.

Вічні правила

CV - найбільш розповсюджена та гнучка форма самопрезентації. Будь уважним та не плутай його з іншими варіантами подачі заявок: іноді компанії вимагають cover letter, motivation letter або комбінацію вищезгаданих документів. Також, окремим пунктом підготовки має бути follow-up email, яким ти супроводжуєш відправлені файли. У випадку позитивної чи негативної відповіді завжди завершуй листування thank you letter, з побажаннями успіху та надією на співпрацю.

За даними BI Business School, більшість HR витрачають до 45 секунд на те, аби визначити "нецікаве", "можливо цікаве" чи "цікаве" їм певне резюме. Якими є аксіоми, що допоможуть потрапити в третю категорію?

Реклама

Do`s

резюме має бути коротким та чітким: максимально прийнятний обсяг - дві сторінки А4. Якщо не виходить - зменш поля сторінки до 1,27 см чи використай шрифт Lucida Sans 10-го розміру (ім'я краще залишити в розмірі 18, а підзаголовки - 14).

мова резюме має бути стриманою та діловою: ніяких жартів;

кожне речення має нести певну інформацію: якщо речення не розповідає про тебе нічого нового - безжалісно викреслюй;

виділення курсивом та жирним шрифтом необхідні, аби позначити основні пункти та розділи, проте вони мають застосовуватися помірковано, аби текст в результаті не р ябі в в оч ах;

регулярно доповнюй резюме новою інформацією, не забувай перевіряти, чи актуальний вказаний контактний номер, емейл, чи працюють лінки-посилання на твої роботи;

зберігай своє CV у форматі Word 97-2003 (щоб його точно змогли зчитати усі);

варто ще нагадувати про граматику та пунктуацію?

Структура

Сприймай рекрутера як дитину, якій тобі необхідно згодувати шпинат (чи інший ненависний продукт): розбий резюме на невеликі порції-блоки, кожен з яких чітко відокремлюється від попереднього.

Основними підпунктами CV зазвичай є:

Personal details - ПІБ, контактний номер, емейл, дата народження, адреса. Фотографія залишається під питанням: у Франції, Бельгії та Німеччині невелике типове фото для документів у резюме є розповсюдженою практикою, в той час як роботодавці з Британії та США реагують на них неоднозначно. Якщо ти не актор - краще не ризикувати.

Education and qualifications - освіта, прослухані курси, сертифікати, пов`язані зі сферою працевлаштування. Не потрібно вказувати все, що ти вмієш, саме в цьому розділі: знання іноземних мов зазвичай виноситься до Skills, а сертифікат з володіння Photoshop (якщо твоя спеціальність не пов`язана з графічним дизайном та фотографією безпосередньо) - до Interests and achievements.

Work experience - досвід роботи. Більшість студентів регулярно підпрацьовують кур'єрами, офіціантами чи мерчендайзерами. Якщо це не твоя майбутня професія - мінімізуй інформацію про таку роботу в своєму резюме. Головне - вказати пов'язаний з бажаною посадою досвід, а також чого вдалося досягти під час роботи у тих чи інших місцях.

Interests and achievements - все, чим ти займаєшся поза професійною діяльністю. Але потрібно бути обережним:

остерігайся банальних кліше на кшталт "socialising with friends" (прирівнюється до "дихаю" чи "ходжу за продуктами");

концентруйся на тих хобі, що певним чином перекликаються з професією: якщо ти журналіст, наприклад, непогано володіти базовими навичками програмування, знаннями з економіки чи міжнародних відносин;

лідерські навички завжди є перевагою, тому не замовчуй титул капітана футбольної команди чи голови районного гуртка фотолюбителів.

Не дивлячись на те, що резюме має бути стислим, непогано буде продемонструвати практичний бік твоїх захоплень. Наприклад:

Reading

Reading: took part at volunteering program "Reading aloud for disabled people"

Сinema

Cinema: member of the University History of Filmmaking Club

Travel

Travel: travelled through Asia in order to gain new experience and do some practical mentality and religion practice research

Skills - в цей блок зазвичай потрапляє інформація про знання іноземних мов, основ програмування, програм для презентацій та інфографіки тощо. Корисним буде перелік сертифікатів, які не потрапили в Education and qualifications, але є додатковим бонусом.

References - якщо у твоїх рекомендаціях немає листа від легендарної особистості, додавати їх до першого резюме необов`язково - достатньо вказати, що "References available upon request". Та не забувай: за умови позитивного розвитку подій роботодавець обов`язково про них запитає, тому необхідно мати наготові офіційні листи та / чи бути впевненим у людині, до якої можуть звернутися за підтвердженням вказаної в резюме інформації.

Як за рівнем важливості співвідносяться секції резюме для HR:

Лексика

застосовуй дієслова дії (динамічні дієслова): developed, planned, organised;

твоє резюме може пройти попередній відбір через комп'ютер. Важливо, аби бездушна програма ідентифікувала його як те, що безумовно стосується заявленої позиції, - для цього вона скануватиме текст на наявність специфічного професійного жаргону - buzzwords (зазвичай - іменники), які легко знайти в описі вакансії.

універсальними поняттями з офіційної лексики, що тобі знадобляться, можна назвати: technical expertise, management skills, industry know-how. Не зловживай ними, адже ті самі програми зі сканування перевіряють документи на "нудоту" - кількість застосувань певного терміну на сторінку, і можуть високо розташувати твоє резюме за релевантністю або відсіяти як спам.

не перевантажуй речення граматичними конструкціями: надавай перевагу active voice, наприклад:
Passive: A team of ten people was managed by me.
Active: I managed a team of ten people.

крім специфічної професійної термінології, перевір свій лист на так звані power words (буквально - слова, що посилюють враження від резюме). Вони також будуть різними для різних сфер діяльності - розповсюдженими є:

Management

Built, Demonstrated, Developed, Enhanced, Facilitated, Generated, Impacted, Implemented, Negotiated, Revitalized

Sales and Marketing

Closed, Collaborated, Delivered, Drove, Established, Generated, Increased, Presented, Prospected, Retained

Accounting

Analyzed, Audited, Justified, Prepared, Processed, Reported, Researched, Reviewed, Verified

Healthcare

Assigned, Assessed, Assisted, Cared, Charged, Monitored, Nursed, Provided, Secured

Technical

Analyzed, Built, Consulted, Created, Escalated, Formatted, Integrated, Maintained, Programmed, Set up, Supported, Troubleshot

Academic

Applied, Authored, Counseled, Developed, Educated, Evaluated, Mentored, Nourished, Researched, Taught, Tutored

Stay strong!

Найголовніше в твоєму резюме - бажання працевлаштуватися. Тож ніколи не полишай спроб: за даними дослідження, проведеного для forum3, щорічної конференції з проблем працевлаштування студентів Imperial College London, щоб врешті знайти роботу, випускникам необхідно надіслати близько 70 резюме. Причому більшість компаній проігнорує їх, тож в середньому надійде лише 7 відповідей (половина яких буде ввічливими відмовами, інша половина - запрошенням на співбесіду).

Тож не тільки якість, а й кількість має значення! Тримайся і дій!

Помилка в тексті? Виділи її, натисни Shift + Enter або клікни тут.

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Олександра Даруга

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Як написати резюме англійською мовою

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В Curriculum Vitae (CV) ми маємо максимально стисло та позитивно змалювати професійний автопортрет, а форма і стиль цього документу багато скажуть HR про твою особистість. Розповідаємо, як написати резюме англійською мовою так, аби в цю "картину" закохався кожен рекрутер не менше, ніж арт-критики в Мону Лізу. CV - найбільш розповсюджена та гнучка форма самопрезентації.

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A Letter of Application

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Preparing Your Letter

1. Start your letter by listing your contact information at the top. Use a readable format, layout, and font as you want to make it as easy as possible for your prospective employer to contact you. Before you begin your letter, make sure that you have the proper letterhead.

Make sure your document is aligned to the left.

Include the current date then, separated by a blank line, add your contact information:

Name

Address

Phone number

Email address

Personal website (if you have one)

LinkedIn profile

2. Include the company's information. After you include your information, you need to include the name of the employer to whom you are applying for the job, their title, the name of company and address.

By including the contact information of the company to which you are applying, you are showing that you have taken the time to write a specific letter or application to this company, and have done your research to find the hiring manager for the position.

Doing your homework puts you ahead of a majority of applicants who use letters of application which are clearly generic cut and paste letters. This extra step shows you are dedicated.

If you don't know the name of the hiring manager, search the company's website to see if you can find him. Go to LinkedIn, and even search Twitter. If you can't narrow down a specific name, see if you can find the head of the department to which you are applying. If all else fails and you have no name, it's ok to address your cover letter to the hiring manager of the department. Example: "[Department] Hiring Manager".

3. Address your letter to the person whom you are writing. To begin your letter, you want to be formal and start with a proper address. Don't address it to "To Whomsoever it May Concern", as this is informal, generic, and gives the impression that you haven't researched the company.

If you don't have the hiring manager's name, a simple "Dear [Department] Hiring Manager" will do.

Writing Your Letter

1. Write an engaging first paragraph. Employers read a lot of cover letters, and most of the time a hiring manager will scan them quickly deciding if your letter goes in the trash or the "keep" pile. Don't bury the lead, treat your application letter like a news article.

Open with a strong, declarative statement that informs your reader that you are excited to be applying for [the position] at [company].

Be short and specific with what attracted you to the job. What is it about the company that you like? Give an example, and don't be afraid to be a little conversational depending on how casual the company is.

Show the manager that you are not only familiar with the company's work, but that you are a good fit by writing in a similar tone to the company.

For example: if you are applying to a company that writes news articles, try to embody a tone that is similar to those articles. Are they serious, do they add humor? If it's a more formal company like a big marketing firm or financial institution, you might want to be more authoritative, but always be polite.

2. State where you found the position to which you are applying. Before applying, do some research and see if you know anyone at the company. It's always better to have an in and reference, and don't be afraid to name drop if you have the employee's permission.

If you don't have a contact at the company, still be sure to include where you found the application, such as via a job site, the company's site, in a newspaper, etc.

3. Paint a picture of yourself that's not on your resume. A hiring manager can read your CV or resume and see what you have done in your previous jobs. You want to show the hiring manager who the person behind the accomplishments is.

In one or two sentences, express how the company has impacted you personally. If you are applying to your dream job, chances are this company has somehow shaped your life.

Don't get too sappy, and keep it short. But by showing the human side of yourself with a story, you show that you're more than just facts on a piece of paper.

Finishing Up Your Letter

1. Briefly summarize why you're the perfect candidate for the job in one sentence. Ending your letter of application on the right note is a very important part of your letter as it can help you land the interview.

When you explain how you can contribute to the company, remember that you want to put yourself in the shoes of the hiring manager. It's about how your contributions will help the company, not how the company will help you.

Ask yourself what you would be looking for in a candidate if you were hiring.

2. Invite the hiring manager to contact you. Inform your reader that you would love the opportunity to speak further about the position and provide your contact info again.

You can conclude your letter by thanking the hiring manager and ending with a statement like I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.

Don't just ask the hiring manager to contact you if he feels you are a good fit. Show some confidence (without being cocky) by telling him that you look forward to speaking further.

3. Sign off. Signing off can seem like an afterthought, or become frustrating if you don't know what is appropriate. Use Yours sincerely or simply "Best".

Being too formal can hurt you here as you may come off insincere, or it may not fit the style of the rest of your letter.

By saying something like "Best" or "Best wishes", you show respect without sounding like you're writing a love letter. Alternatively, something like "Cheers" may be too informal and can come off as presumptuous.

Community Q&A

Add New Question

What do I write in an application letter?

Adrian Klaphaak is a career coach and founder of A Path That Fits, a mindfulness-based boutique career and life coaching company in the San Francisco Bay Area. He is also is an accredited Co-Active Professional Coach (CPCC). Klaphaak has used his training with the Coaches Training Institute, Hakomi Somatic Psychology and Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS) to help thousands of people build successful careers and live more purposeful lives.

Give specific examples of your past accomplishments and highlight how the results you achieved benefited your previous company.

Where can I find sample application letters?

This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

There are numerous websites that offer example job application letters and letter templates. Do a search using terms like "example job application letter" or "job application letter template." You can also search for sample letters in your specific field, such as "teacher" or "electrician." If you're in school, your college or university's career office may also be able to provide sample letters. You can also check out the samples at the top of this article.

What's the right format for an application letter?

This answer was written by one of our trained team of researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness.

In the upper lefthand corner of the letter, put the heading information. This includes your name and contact information, the date, and the name and contact information of the person you're sending the application to. Next comes the salutation, the body of the letter, and then your sign-off and signature. If possible, keep the letter no more than a page long. Single space the letter and add an extra space between paragraphs, and set the margins to around 1 inch (2.5 cm), with the text aligned to the left. Use a traditional font, such as Times New Roman or Arial, and set the font size to 10-12 points.

Show more answers

This article was co-authored by Adrian Klaphaak, CPCC. Adrian Klaphaak is a career coach and founder of A Path That Fits, a mindfulness-based boutique career and life coaching company in the San Francisco Bay Area. He is also is an accredited Co-Active Professional Coach (CPCC). Klaphaak has used his training with the Coaches Training Institute, Hakomi Somatic Psychology and Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS) to help thousands of people build successful careers and live more purposeful lives. This article has been viewed 10,290,412 times.

Updated: November 23, 2020

Sarhabil Abdealaziiz

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How to Write a Letter of Application for a Job

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Download Article Download Article Start your letter by listing your contact information at the top. Use a readable format, layout, and font as you want to make it as easy as possible for your prospective employer to contact you. Before you begin your letter, make sure that you have the proper letterhead.

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Writing Your First Scientific Research Paper

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Writing Your First Scientific Research Paper

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For first-time authors, the prospect of writing their very own scientific research article may be both exciting and overwhelming. Faced with a mountain of data, notes, and other remnants of the research process, it may be difficult to figure out where and how to begin the manuscript writing process. However, if the research has been done well and the topic is appropriate for classroom submission or journal publication, authors will be off to a good start by approaching the writing process in a methodical way.

Above all, scientific writing must aim for clarity, simplicity, and accuracy. These should be the touchstones or benchmarks for authors of research articles, particularly in the field of science, which has a reputation for being difficult to understand. It is a fine balance that authors of scientific writing must maintain: achieving the recognition and respect of those in their field as well as making sure their work is comprehensible to a wider audience.

Clarity - Work is unambiguous and free of extraneous detail or conjecture

Simplicity - Language and sentence and paragraph structure are easy to understand and follow without losing authority or scientific credibility

Accuracy - Data, Tables and Figures, and References and Citations are represented honestly and verifiably

Related: Ready to submit your manuscript for publication? Get it polished from our native experts and increase your chances of acceptance!

Structure of a Scientific Manuscript

New authors are, no doubt, familiar with the structure of a scientific research paper - there is a standard in academic publishing. However, writing within that structure requires a deeper understanding of the role of each section. The following was discussed in an online resource from Bates College.

Title

Gives a clear and enticing introduction to the topic

Authors

Names each major contributor to the work

Abstract

Summary of paper's main focus - short

Introduction

Reveals main problem or question

Materials & Methods

How the problem or question was approached specifically

Results

Reveals the findings

Discussion

Talks about what the findings mean

Acknowledgements

Optional - may recognize people or institutions who assisted with the research

References/Literature Cited

Account for all supporting documentation

Title and Abstract - focus on drawing in the reader with clear and concise language

Introduction - highlight the key issues of the research, providing some context for the main question or problem

Methods and Materials - describe specific protocols for and details of the experiment/research, which should be explicit enough that the research can be duplicated

Results and Discussion - thorough yet succinct sections, focusing on critical findings, including those that were unexpected

References/Literature Cited - need to match references within the body of the manuscript precisely. It is best to be selective when choosing which literature to cite, avoiding the use of too many references and selecting the most current literature when appropriate.

Writing Tips

The goal of any piece of writing is to communicate the author's message. For authors of scientific manuscripts, academic publishing requires that they adhere to a certain structure, but the goal is the same - to communicate the author's message or findings.

Achieving Clarity

Clarity in writing is achieved through proper sentence structuring and correct language and grammar usage. Shorter paragraphs and sentences allow the reader to grasp concepts more easily. No one wants to go back and re-read a sentence or paragraph several times, just to grasp what the author is trying to say. This is both discouraging to the reader and potentially off-putting to a journal editor. It is possible to write simple, informative sentences without sounding choppy or unsophisticated.

Proper language and grammar usage help improve the flow of the manuscript and enhance the readers' experience. This prevents a reader's bias against the author. No matter how excellent the research, poor language and grammar usage in manuscripts may cause the reader to question the author's educational background and assume that the research article is somewhat less worthy of consideration.

Time management

Writing manuscripts is a massively time-consuming affair. For authors who are making their first attempt at writing a research article, it will be imperative to carve out time on a daily basis to work on specific sections of the article - make a schedule and stick to it.

Editing

Scientific research and manuscript writing is bound to be complicated and detailed. Each section of the research article will require re-reading and editing. It is likely that writers will grow weary of their article before it is ready to be handed to a professor or submitted to a journal. For this reason, it is helpful to ask peers to review the work and offer comments and suggestions for changes. Writers always benefit from the feedback received from the peers and in the end, the manuscript is significantly improvised.

A Global Endeavor

Whether writing for a university lecture or for journal submission, the academic world is no longer segmented into isolated cultures and nationalities. Even if a university classroom is filled with students with the same cultural and national background, they are being trained to move into the global community of scientists. Therefore, it is essential to consider one's audience while drafting the article and what guidelines exist for publication.

In addition, if the authors are non-native speakers of English and are attempting to write in the language, it is important to know whether the target language is American English or British English.

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Writing Your First Scientific Research Paper - Enago Academy

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For first-time authors, the prospect of writing their very own scientific research article may be both exciting and overwhelming. Faced with a mountain of data, notes, and other remnants of the research process, it may be difficult to figure out where and how to begin the manuscript writing process.

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A good abstract explains in one line why the paper is important. It then goes on to give a summary of your major results, preferably couched in numbers with error limits. The final sentences explain the major implications of your work. A good abstract is concise, readable, and quantitative.

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Article SummaryX

To be a good journalist, start by improving your writing skills by writing every day and getting feedback on your writing from a teacher or other writers. In addition to your writing skills, you'll need strong interpersonal skills, like the ability to talk to strangers and network with other journalists. Additionally, since journalists get information from a variety of sources, know how to gather, assess, and organize your own research. Finally, verify your sources by getting secondary accounts, or independently verifying that their stories line up. To learn how to gain experience as a journalist, including how to apply for internships, keep reading!

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The field of journalism may be really competitive, but it's also important to society. If you've been bitten by the journalism bug, then you definitely want to do your best so that you can be successful in your field. With a bit of hard...