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Left: Beowulf
Right: Gilgamesh

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"I had a fixed purpose when I put to sea. As I sat in the boat with my band of men,I meant to perform to the uttermost what your people wanted or perish in the attempt,in the fiend's clutches. And I shall fulfill that purpose,prove myself with a proud deed or meet my death here in the mead-hall." 

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"I had a fixed purpose when I put to sea. As I sat in the boat with my band of men,I meant to perform to the uttermost what your people wanted or perish in the attempt,in the fiend's clutches. And I shall fulfill that purpose,prove myself with a proud deed or meet my death here in the mead-hall." 

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Inspiring Words ("It's all or nothing in this fight to the death: the good warrior Beowulf against the evil demon Grendel." It also shows Beowulf assuring the people he has come to do everything to defeat the evil plaguing them or die trying - nothing short than losing will stop him from helping.): Beowulf, Lines 632-638 (pdf)

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"One alone cannot… A slippery path is not feared by two people who help each other... Twice three times… A three-ply rope cannot be cut... The mighty lion—two cubs can roll him over."

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"One alone cannot… A slippery path is not feared by two people who help each other... Twice three times… A three-ply rope cannot be cut... The mighty lion—two cubs can roll him over."

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Inspiring Words ("In other words, two heads are better than one. These proverbs emphasize the practical side of friendship: when people work together, they can accomplish things that individuals cannot."): The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet 4

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Originally written in
the West Saxon dialect of Old English between 975 and 1025 A.D. by the Anglo-Saxons living in Britain who had ancestrally hailed from Scandinavia. Beowulf is widely hailed as one of the earliest, greatest, and most historically important stories ever told originally in the English language.
- Wikipedia, "Beowulf"

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The Epic of Gilgamesh's Historical Origins

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The Epic of Gilgamesh's Historical Origins

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Written in ancient Sumerian during the Third Dynasty of Ur (c. 2100 B.C.) in Mesopotamia which is in modern-day Iraq and is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature. While only beginning with five Sumerian poems about Gilgamesh, archaeologists later uncovered a

"combined epic, known as the 'Old Babylonian' version, dates to the 18th century BC and is titled after its incipient, Shūtur eli sharrī (Surpassing All Other Kings'). Only a few tablets of it have survived. The later "standard" version dates from the 13th to the 10th centuries BC and bears the incipient Sha naqba īmuru ('He who Saw the Deep', in modern terms: 'He who Sees the Unknown')."

- Wikipedia, "Epic of Gilgamesh"

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Symbolism of Beowulf in 10th and 11th Century Britain

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Symbolism of Beowulf in 10th and 11th Century Britain

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What to try and strive towards. Beowulf is a good Christian, King, Warrior, clansmen, and friend, in that order. He is strong, brave, selfless, smart, fair, skilled, noble, and more.

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"Offspring of Lugalbanda, son of the august cow, Rimat-Ninsun;... Two-thirds of him is god, one-third of him is human. The Great Goddess [Aruru] designed the model for his body,"

- The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet 1

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“We belong by birth to the Geat people and owe allegiance to Lord Hygelac. In his day, my father was a famous man, A noble warrior-lord name Ecgtheow. He outlasted many a long winter And went on his way. All over the world Men wise in counsel continue to remember him."

- Beowulf, Lines 260-266 (pdf)

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Symbolism of Gilgamesh in c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia

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Symbolism of Gilgamesh in c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia

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Symbolic of what not to be (Tablet 1) and of what to become (Tablets 2 and 12). Gilgamesh is a manly, civilized King who becomes selfless, just, strong, a good friend, accepts his own fate/mortality, and does good for others.

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Political Climate in c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia

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Political Climate in c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia

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Clearly a class between civilization and lack there of, possibly era of harsh, abusive and selfish King, and great threats in the way of natural phenomena/disasters.

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Political Climate in 10th and 11th Century Britain

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Political Climate in 10th and 11th Century Britain

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Fairly secure, rigid but sound caste system in the form of fidelity to the noble and warrior classes, hard-line Christianity placed on life, and pagan 'monsters' threaten their godly existence.

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Values and Beliefs of c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia 

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Values and Beliefs of c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia 

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Civilization and those civilized are far superior than the 'uncivilized' and lack of proper 'civilization', one should be selfless and just, royalty/leaders should be kind and fair, nature should be feared and respected, immortality can be achieved through good works and their subsequent impact on others, physical strength and the divine are desirable attributes, friendship and cooperation are vital to success and happiness.

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Values and Beliefs of 10th and 11th Century Britain

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Values and Beliefs of 10th and 11th Century Britain

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Christian faith is paramount, physical strength and combative ability is the most desirable of characteristics in a man/people, nobility is the most important societal structure, bravery and selfless sacrifice is highly honorable.

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Things that c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia Valued in a Hero.

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Things that c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia Valued in a Hero.

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'Uncivilized' men, the powers of nature, death, gods and fate, abusive rulers.

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Things that 10th and 11th Century Britain Feared

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Things that 10th and 11th Century Britain Feared

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The supernatural and paganism, physical failure, immorality, things beyond which they can fix through physical force and religious piety.

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Characteristics c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia Valued in a Hero.

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Characteristics c. 22nd Century BC Mesopotamia Valued in a Hero.

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Masculinity, civilization, physical strength, just and good rulers, good deeds which will live on forever through their impact on others, friendship, loyalty, righteousness.

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Characteristics 10th and 11th Century Britain Valued in a Hero

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Characteristics 10th and 11th Century Britain Valued in a Hero

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Physical strength, nobility, Christianity, leadership, selflessness, determination, fairness in combat.

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Enkidu (fought with and was defeated by Gilgamesh, later became his best friend)
Humbaba (killed by Enkidu and Gilgamesh)
The Bull of Heaven (killed by Enkidu and Gilgamesh)

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Grendel (killed by Beowulf)
Grendel's Mother (killed by Beowulf)
Dragon (killed Beowulf but was also killed by Beowulf)

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Very harsh, uncaring and abusive King. Very selfish, very cocky and self absorbed. He is obsessed with his own mortality and puts hardly nothing and no one above achieving immortality.
- The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet 1 (and really throughout all 12 tablets), Tablets 11-12

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He is overly confident (lines 168-175 in English IV Honors Literature Book).

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"Gilgamesh is strong to perfection, Gilgamesh is awesome to perfection. The Great Goddess [Aruru] designed the model for his body, she prepared his form... beautiful, handsomest of men, ... perfect."

- The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet 1

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He is greater and stronger than anyone anywhere in the world.
- Line 111 in English IV Honors Literature Book

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2/3 god, very physically strong, very attractive, very manly and representative of civilization, and royal.
- The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet 1-5

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Nobility, physical strength,

Agile, quick, smart, skilled in combat and surprise.
Able to holds his breath for a long time, has really good armor, and is good with or without weapons in combat.
- Page 46 in English IV Honors Literature Book