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Dealt with freedom of speech and freedom of assembly. Supreme Court rules that Illinois must put strict procedural safeguards in place so that the Nazis would not be deprived of their First Amendment rights.

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Speech that is likely to ruin someone's reputation by saying something negative or untrue about them.

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Slander is spoken defamation and libel is a written/published defamatory statement. Defamation is when someone says something that ruins your reputation/life.

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Defines national citizenship and forbids states from restricting the basic rights of citizens.

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Prohibits the government from imposing cruel or unusual punishments.

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Gives the right to a jury trial to a person accused of a crime.

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Speech directed at the overthrow of government.

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Rights given:
1. The right to a speedy trial.
2. The right to a public trial.
3. The right to an impartial jury.
4. The right to be informed of pending charges.
5. The right to confront adverse witnesses.
6. The right to compel favorable witnesses to testify.
7. The right to legal counsel.

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Supreme Court rules that the wartime internment of American citizens of Japanese descent is constitutional.

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Prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy, and requires due process of the law

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Segregation not by legal requirement but by fact (ex.: an area with a higher concentration of African Americans might also have a predominantly African American school).

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Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.

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The right to bear arms.

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Freedom of religion, speech, press, the right to peaceably assemble and petition the government.

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Using taxpayer money to fund private and secondary schools violated the First Amendment because it did not separate church and state, making it unconstitutional.

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Censorship imposed by the government or an institution that prohibits particular instances of expression.- exception to freedom of speech.

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Gives American citizens the rights to accept any religious belief and practice it, to engage in religious rituals.

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Test used to determine the constitutionality of a law.

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Supreme Court rules that states are required to provide an attorney for defendants who are unable to afford their own

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Supreme Court supported the constitutionality of segregation laws for public facilities as long as the facilities offered were equal in quality- "Separate but equal".

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Supreme Court rules that African Americans, whether free or a slave, weren't American citizens and couldn't sue in federal court. Congress lacked power to ban slavery in U.S. territories as well.

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Concerned the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions. Result: A woman's right to abortion is protected by the 14th Amendment.

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Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, gender, religion, or national origin.

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Enforced racial segregation in the Southern states.

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Promotes the education and employment of groups of people who have previously been discriminated against.

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Literacy tests and poll taxes were used in order to prevent African Americans from voting. This was stopped by the Voting Rights Act of 1965

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Evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used against someone in State or Federal court.

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The government cannot deny people equal protection of its governing laws- they must treat individuals in the same way they would anyone else in that situation.

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Resulted in the Miranda warning. The Miranda warning must be given to suspects, giving them the right to remain silent.

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It is unconstitutional for state laws to establish separate public schools for black and white students.

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Rules that it is unconstitutional for public schools to have an official school prayer or encourage the recitation of the prayer.

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Portions of the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states.

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Actions that are meant to send a specific message to those seeing it.

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Constitutionally, a university can use race as part of their criteria for admitting a student, but a school cannot use a specific quota system (ex.: 16 minorities out of every 100 students).

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Reason (cause) for police to obtain a search warrant or arrest warrant for a suspected criminal.

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The legal separation of groups in a society.

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Group of individuals who have historically been subject to discrimination, usually because of race or national origin.

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Communication of ideas through a combination of words and actions.

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You cannot be prosecuted or punished for the same offense twice.

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The state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.

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Prohibits the establishment of religion by Congress.

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Prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial.