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ways of making money:

1. wardships - crown would ‘take care’ of a land when it’s inheritors are under 21.

2. monopolies - found a loophole in the monopoly act which allowed grants to cooperation.

3. recusancy fines - in 1620, it was £5300 but by 1634 it was £26,866

4. distraint of knighthood - whoever owned a land which made an income of £40, or more, and they did not receive knighthood by Charles, were fined. By 1635, he had raised £175,000

5. Forest fines - whoever lived on areas of ‘royal’ forest were fined

6. land titles - those who rented land from the crown but didn’t have proof of having it for the past 60 years were fined.

7. enclosure fines - fines on whoever illegally closed common land

8. ship money - It required those being taxed to furnish a certain number of warships or to pay the ships’ equivalent in money.

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In August Charles raises the Royal Standard at Nottingham. Excluding anything prior to this time, Charles ultimately started the war by doing so, claiming anyone who supported Pym and his opposers were also his enemy.

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His personality.He believed in divine right and wasn't willing to negotiate with parliament as he believed they didn't understand him enough. Due to his firm belief in divine right, he felt he wasn't obliged to go along with negotiations made by parliament and so,would often withdraw his agreement. Parliament couldn't trust him after the countless times he did this and so, believed any attempts of negotiations were pointless.  

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His personality.He believed in divine right and wasn't willing to negotiate with parliament as he believed they didn't understand him enough. Due to his firm belief in divine right, he felt he wasn't obliged to go along with negotiations made by parliament and so,would often withdraw his agreement. Parliament couldn't trust him after the countless times he did this and so, believed any attempts of negotiations were pointless.  

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Consequences for Charles and the Long Parliament. 

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Consequences for Charles and the Long Parliament. 

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His motives were that he was provoked by Pym's actions with the Grand Remonstrance which was a document that divided MPs. He believed that he had support in Parliament when he really didn't because of his relationship with them and the cause of his personal rule. His consequences with these type of issues was that he was faced immediately by a mob of Londoners and lost some emerging support from the Commons. Therefore it wasn't safe for him so he decided to leave London for his safety.

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He raised the Royal Standard at Nottingham which meant he was declared war upon one who parliament. This was the indicator for war as by doing this, he officially stated that all supporters of Parliament were now his enemies.

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The 19 Prepositions were offered by Parliament in June 1642 as a final attempt to prevent the war. They were a list of proposals to bring peace. Most of the points had previously been turned down by Charles and so they knew he would not agree to it, but offered them regardless. Charles obviously rejected the prepositions which may have been the wrong decision as it now appeared Parliament had tried to create a compromise but Charles didn’t want it. This painted Charles as the bad guy as there could have been a peace and no need for a war.
http://bcw-project.org/church-and-state/first-civil-war/nineteen-propositions

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The King wanted weapons and military equipment for his descent to war with Parliament however when arriving at Hull he was refused entry. Unless he would get on with Parliament and come to an agreement he would continue to be refused entry. The King was losing power and influence.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzh_7orEBU0

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Improved militia failed as it did not really improve due to resentment from the local counties as they were already under strain to pay increased taxes.

Also ship money became illegal and was raised as a tax. This meant it angered the public and that the money was to be spent on fleet which was not being used for the intended purpose.

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https://www.britpolitics.co.uk/causes-of-the-civil-war

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This was Charles’ attempt at a forceful coup against Parliamemt.
He marched on Parliament with troops, issuing warrants for the arrest of key opponent Puritan MPs:

1. John Pym

2. John Hampden

3. Denzil Hollies

4. Arthur Haselrig

5. William Strode

6. Edward Montagu

Once inside Parliament refused to hand them over and the speaker of the house, supposedly on Charles’ side, also refused to cooperate and the five members had already escaped.
Charles was unsuccessful and out of control. When leaving the house he was greeted with mobs of Londoners who opposed his actions. This act showed how dangerous Charles was and Pym used this to increase the fear of Charles as King.

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Charles' Personal Rule failed because it led to opposition and discontent in England, Scotland and Ireland. Although peace may have bought relaxation in tensions between England and Europe as it caused resentment within the country. This is because many people believed that England should have been supporting the Dutch and that the fear of Catholicism were only heighted by the Spanish neutrality policy.

Durston suggests that the Book Of Orders were also unsuccessful as they were not really enforced and were resented by the local sheriffs who were used to running their own countries.

His failures also caused the Scottish Revolution and Irish Rebllion in 1631.

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This bill meant that MPs were forced to choose sides on who should command the army. Introduced by Sir Arthur Haselrig, the Militia Bill:

removed the king’s power over the trained bands completely

give Parliament the power to appoint army commanders

Therefore, this Bill showed that Charles was losing support and power quickly, giving him more reason to trigger the start of the Civil War.

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Catholic rebels in Ireland led an attack on Protestant landowners, with claims circulating that they were ‘fighting on behalf of the king’. This made Charles look bad as the country now believed Charles wanted to end Protestantism, he appeared unpredictable and secretive as with John Pym sharing exaggerated stories of huge numbers of Puritans being killed one Ireland. This worked to further fuel the English to fear Catholic’s and Charles.

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1. Triennial Act - under this Act Charles agreed to have to hold a Parliament at least every 3 years to avoid another personal rule.

2. Act to Prevent Dissolution of Parliament - Charles agreed to give up the power to dissolve Parliament and allow them to decide when to dissolve themselves. This was a terrible idea as it meant later on with Parliament still being allowed to run Charles would lose power and support in the country and amongst MPs.

3. Abolition of Star Chamber and Ship Money -  This was the final straw that meant the monarchy was massively changing. The Kings separate incomes were gone and he could no longer punish people anymore, this reduced his influence on the Justice System.

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From 1629-1640 Charles held the personal rule where he wanted to run on his own accord until he felt Parliament ‘understood him’. For the most part Charles showed that he didn’t need Parliament to run as he came up with ways of making himself money. However these ways of making money were dodgy, such as forest fines where Charles used old inaccurate maps to charge landowners and the continuation of collecting tonnage and poundage despite Parliament restricting him to one year. This ultimately resulted in Parliament and the people of England to lose trust in Charles and grow frustrated with him.

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At the start of his reign (1625) King Charles I had married the Roman Catholic Henrietta Maria of France.

Included in her marriage treaty were provisions that she be allowed to practice her religion freely at Court.

It was also made a condition of the treaty that King Charles I set about lifting restrictions for recusants (that is Catholics who refused to attend Anglican Church services).

The marriage was not a popular one. At this time Roman Catholics were distrusted and feared.

So Charles marriage was the cause of the English Civil War.