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Section 1 and 2:
1. Stamp Act: required colonists to purchase a special stamped paper for every legal document, license, newspaper, pamphlet, and almanac
2. Townshend Acts: indirect taxes levied on imported materials
3. Committees of Correspondence: set up to communicate with other colonies about threats to American liberties
4. Intolerable acts: (1) Shut down Boston Harbor because they refused to pay for damaged tea (2) Quartering Act: allowed British to live in homes and other buildings
5. Olive Branch Petition: urged the return of peace to the colonies. King George rejected it.
British Actions : The Stamp Act, Townshend acts, and Boston Massacre
Colonists' actions : Boycotted British goods, Boycotts and riots, colonists established the Committees of Correspondence
* How did Lexington and Concord Differ? -The minutemen lost at Lexington and the British lost at Concord
* The Declaration of Independence supported the notion of rebelling against Britain, and stated how Britain took away the Colonists' rights. -The Second Continental Congress - May 1775, same delegates as the first, created the Continental Army where they placed George Washington as the head of.

Section 3:
* Inflation - rising prices
* Profiteering - Selling scarce goods for a profit
Battles that occurred during this chapter are the Defeat in New York, The Battle of Trenton, The Fight for Philadelphia, and the Victory at Saratoga. Many women made ammunition from their household silver, and hundreds of women followed their husbands to the battlefield where they washed, mended, and cooked for troops. Women and African Americans risked their lives in combat. Critical Thinking: 3. If Burgoyne captured Saratoga, the war would be changed because the British wouldn't have changed their war strategy. The British would be more likely to fight inland and the colonists would have a chance to surround them easier and possibly win a bigger battle.
4. A problem would be that women had to manage the farms, shops, and businesses along with their households and families. The women would have the jobs of two people all on them which would be really stressful and difficult.
Section 4:
* Treaty of Paris - confirmed US independence and set the boundaries of the new nation
* Egalitarianism - a belief in the equality of all people
(1) Captain Friedrich von Steuben trains Washington's troops : Prussian Drillmaster teaches Fighting Tactics to Continental Army, (2) Early British success in the South : Cornwallis conquers South (3) Yorktown : British raise white flag of surrender at Yorktown (4) War's impact on American Society : Revolutionary ideas stimulate a rise in egalitarianism (5) War's impact on American Society : Northern States take steps to outlaw slavery.  Critical Thinking : 3. No: Colonists needed French to block sea routes and to help at Yorktown; poorly trained American troops needed Von Steuben's expertise. Yes: Patriots' determination would ensure victory; Americans were Superior in Carolinas.  4. Politically: The Colonists gained a great deal of stature. Economically: The war forced many colonists to confront profiteering and inflation. Socially: The war sparked a growing sense of egalitarianism. 5. Creating a truly representative and effective government; dealing with European powers; repaying the debt caused by borrowing money to back paper currency.

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Terms
Nomadic-Moving form place to place
Olmec-Native Americans that flourished in what is now Southern Mexico.
Maya-Native Americans that flourished in Guatemala between A.D.  250 and 900
Aztec-Indian people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish
Inca-Indian people that were in the southern highlands of Peru.
Hohokam-Native Americans that lived in the valleys of Salt and Gila rivers
Anasazi-early Native Americans that settled throughout the canyon and mesa country of the  Southwest.

Adena-Indian people that lived in a large area centered in what is now southern Ohio.
Hopewell-Indian people that built massive earthworks
Mississippian-The last and most complex of Mound Builder societies.
Kashaya Pomo-people whose historical home is the Pacific Coastline of what is now Sonora County.

Kwakiutl-Indian people of the northwestern Pacific coast
Pueblo-American Indian settlement of the southwestern US
Iroquois-North American Indian peoples originally comprising the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca peoples
kinship-a sharing of characteristics or origins
division of labor-assignment of different parts of a manufacturing process.
Islam-the religion of the Muslims
plantation- a usually large farm or estate
Songhai- a state that dominated the western Sahel in the 15th and 16th century.
savanna-a treeless plain
Benin-West African kingdom that flourished in the Niger Delta region
Kongo-A group of small kingdoms along the Zaire River in West-Central Africa
lineage-A group of people descended from a common ancestor
Prince Henry-was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire.
Renaissance-A period in European history which renewed the interest in classical culture, art.
hierarchy-A social ordering by rank or class.
nuclear family-a couple and their dependent children.
Crusades- A series of Christian military expeditions to the Middle East.
Reformation- A religious movement in the 16th century Europe.

Information
- In ancient times, migrating peoples the Americas, where their descendants developed complex societies.
-A variety of landscapes encouraged the diversity of Native American cultures.
-West Africa in the 1400's was home to a variety of people and cultures.
- Developments in western Europe in the 1400's led to political economic and intellectual changes leading to the age of exploration.
-Columbus's Voyages set of a chain of events that brought together the people of Europe, Africa, and Americas.

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Terms
- Encomienda - the labor system natives were forced to work in by the Spanish; abolished in 1542
- Mestizos - children of mixed native American and Spanish descent
- Headright System - system in which anyone who paid for their own or another's passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land
- New Netherland - a diverse colony founded by the Dutch; became diverse by allowing anyone who wanted in (Germans, Dutch, Jews, Africans, etc.)
- City Upon a Hill - a sermon delivered by John Winthrop before the Arabella landed; expressed the sense of mission that bound the Puritans together

Main Ideas
- The Spanish created a profitable empire in the Americas
- The first permanent settlement in North America was founded in Jamestown, VI in 1607
- Throughout the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish conquered Central and portions of North America
-  English Puritans came to North America, beginning in 1620
- The Dutch settled New Netherland; English Quakers led by William Penn settled Pennsylvania

Information
- There were many issues between the rich and the poor concerning on how they were being governed and taxed without consent
- Relationships between natives and settlers worsened as the settlers began to want to expand their settlement
- Separatists fled from England to escape persecution
- Puritans believed that God had told them that they were the best religion and they felt that they needed to convert the natives
- Another group of laborers first arrived in Virginia on a Dutch merchant ship in 1619; there were about 20 Africans on the ship (most of these laborers received land and freedom a few years later)
- Quakers believed that the inner light was inside everyone, opposed war and military, had no minister and allowed anyone to speak the spirit that moves them, and often criticized Anglicans and Puritans

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Terms-
Mercantilism- Self Sufficiency

Parliament- Britain's form of government

Navigation Acts- Laws restricting colonial trade

Dominion of New England- The land from southern Maine to New Jersey was united into one vast colony
Sir Edmond Andros- A veteran military officer from an aristocratic English family who was chosen to rule New England

Glorious Revolution- Parliament passed a series of laws that established its power over the monarchy

Salutary Neglect- exchanged lack of law enforcement in return for loyalty to the crown
Cash Crops- grown for sale rather than use for themselves (farmers)

Slave- People who were property of others

Triangular Trade- Established a connection between Africa, New England, and West Indies also got products they would not have otherwise
Middle Passage- The trading network of the slaves that was between New England, Africa, and Europe.

Stono Rebellion- One of the many slave retaliations which inspired others to join the movement

Enlightenment- Brought about idea of individual thinking instead of blindly following religion

Benjamin Franklin- He helped with the idea that truth can be obtained through experiments and reasoning.

Johnathan Edwards- One of the members who tried to revive the puritan vision.

Great Awakening- Brought back attention to religion

New France- The French colony in North America which was home to about 70,000 people in 1754

George Washington- Was an ambitious officer who established Fort Necessity and was the first president of the United States.

French and Indian War- The war between Great Britain and France for the control of North America.

William Pitt- One of the leaders selected in 1757 which started to lead Britain to winning battles

Pontiac- the leader of the Ottawa tribe
Proclamation of 1763- Banned all settlement west of the Appalachians, and established a Proclamation Line, which colonists were not allowed to cross.

George Grenville-  A financial expert who was chosen by King George III to serve as prime minister in 1763

Sugar Act- This act halved the duty on foreign molasses, placed duties on certain imports, and strengthened the enforcement of the law

Main Ideas-
-Salutary Neglect established to trade rules for loyalty
-Economic differences develop as industry and crops separate the North and the South more than they already were in the two part system
-Women Rights movements begin such as the one a Seneca Falls

Important Details-
-British Expansions colony wise inspired by mercantilism
Navigation Acts inspired from mercantilism beliefs
Glorious Revolution helped establish parliaments power over monarchy
-Salutary Neglect also played a big part in inspiring self government
-Cash crops become big part of the economy in the South
-Slavery Numbers increase drastically including Native Americans now

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Terms-
1)Judiciary Act of 1789
2)Alexander Hamilton
3)Cabinet
4)Bank of the US
5)Thomas Pinckney
6)Sectionalism
7)XYZ Affair
8)Nullification+Alien and Sedition Acts
9)Judiciary Act of 1801
10)Marbury v. Madison
11)Judicial Review
12)Louisiana Purchase
13)impressment
14)Andrew Jackson
15)War of 1812
Ideas-
1)New Constitution forced Congress to choose practicality over beliefs
2)Washington fairly shapes the new government
3)The Cabinet is formed
4)Hamilton vs Jefferson
5)Whiskey Rebellion
6)US chooses neutrality following French Revolution
7)Pinckney's Treaty of 1795
8)Jay's Treaty
9)Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
10)Lewis and Clark Expedition
11)Jefferson Presidency
12)Tecumseh's Confederacy
Important Stuff-
1)major domestic and foreign problems faced leaders of this new republic.
2)Whiskey rebellion reminded the government of the flaws of taxes, 3)Washington transformed the ideas of the constitution into a real government
4)events in Europe sharply divide American public opinion in the late 18th century
5)The United States expanded its borders during Thomas Jefferson's presidencywar broke out again with Britain in 1812.

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Terms-

Ratification: Official review.

Federalists: They favored the new Constitutions balance of power between the states and the national government.

Anti-Federalists: They opposed having such a strong central government and thus were against the Constitution.

Bill of Rights: The required three-fourths of the states had ratified ten of the amendments.

Constitutional Convention: At the Philadelphia Convention in the 1787 delegates reject the Articles of Confederation, to create a new Constitution.

Articles of Confederation: state government were supreme in some matters while federal government was supreme in some matters.

Land Ordinance of 1785: a plan for surveying the land west of the Appalachians and North of Ohio River.

Main Ideas-

Americans adopted the Articles of Confederation but found the new government too weak to solve the nation’s problems.

At the Philadelphia convention in 1787, delegates rejected the Articles of Confederation and created a new constitution.

During the debate on the Constitution, the Federalists promised to add a bill of rights in order to get the Constitution ratified.

Info-

Delaware led the country in ratifying the Constitution in December 1787. In June 1788, New Hampshire fulfilled the requirement for ratification by becoming the ninth state to approve the Constitution.

Virginia and New York had not voted, and the new government needed these very large and influential states.

The first eight amendments of the Bill of Rights spell out the personal liberties the states had requested.

The Ninth and Tenth Amendments impose general limits on the powers of the federal government.