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Nagasaki was a Japanese city. On August 8, 1945, the US dropped a bomb on Nagasaki and killed many Japanese people. Truman was the president at the time and ordered the bomb to be dropped.

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Hiroshima was one of the two cities Truman ordered a bomb to be dropped on. A total of 250,000 Japanese citizens died, either immediately or after a period of suffering, as a result of the two bombs.

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The Potsdam Conference was a meeting between Truman, Clement Attlee, and Stalin. The three leaders met in Postsdam, Germany and agreed to demand that Japan surrender and to hold war-crime trials of Nazi leaders.

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The Yalta Conference occurred between the Big Three, where they all agreed that after a victory in Europe, Germany would be divided, there would be free elections in the liberated countries of Eastern Europe, and more.

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The Tehran Conference was between Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill who met in Tehran, Iran. In the meeting, they discussed opening a second front against Germany.

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The Casablanca Conference involved two of the Big Three. Roosevelt and Churchill agreed on the strategy to win the war (to invade Sicily and Italy and to demand surrender from the Axis powers).

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D-Day was the day in which the Allied forces invaded northern France during World War 2.

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Korematsu v. US was a Supreme Court case that discussed the legality of Exec. order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps. The Court ruled the exec. order to be constitutional.

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Executive Order 9006 ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps.

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Code talkers were bilingual Navajo speakers recruited by the Marine Corps during World War 2 to serve in the communications office.

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Zoot suit riots were a series of riots in 1944 during World War 2 that broke out in Los Angeles, California. It was between Anglo American sailors and Marines stationed in the city, and Latino youths, who were recognizable by the zoot suits they favored.

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Bracero means manual laborer. The Bracero program was initiated because many growers argued that World War II would bring labor shortages to low-paying agricultural jobs.

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Rosie the Riveter was a prominent figure in World War 2. She was an example of propaganda that encouraged women to enter the workforce.

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CORE was a founded in 1942 and worked for African American civil rights.

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The Second Great Migration was the migration of more than 5 million African Americans from the South to the Northeast, Midwest, and West.

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The Manhattan Project was a top secret project that employed over 100,000 people and spent $2 billion to develop a weapon whose power came from the splitting of the atom.

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The Office of Research and Development was established to contract scientists and universities to help in the development of electronics. It also helped in the Manhattan Project.

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The Office of Price Administration regulated every aspect of civilians’ lives by freezing prices, wages, and rents. They also aided in rationing commodities to fight wartime inflation.

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The War Productions Board was an agency part of the US government. It was created by FDR & its purpose was to supervise what happened during WW2.

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Pearl Harbor was located in Hawaii. On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes flew over Pearl Harbor and bombed every ship in sight. It lasted a little less than 2 hours. 2,400 Americans were killed.

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The Atlantic Charter was released by FDR and Churchill. It was a joint declaration that stated what the US & Britain would be doing during WW2 and what their intentions were.

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The Convoy System was a group of ships sailing together for protection. It was created to protect cargo in passenger ships during WW1 & WW2.

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Operation Barbarossa (aka Operation Fritz) was a code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union. It was a failure on Germany's part.

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The Lend-Lease Act provided US military aid to foreign nations during WW2.

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The America First Committee was composed of isolationists. They hoped to mobilize American public opinion against war.

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Selective Training and Service Act (1940)

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Selective Training and Service Act (1940)

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The Selective Training and Service Act required all American men between the ages of 21 and 35 to register into the military.

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Cash and Carry was requested by FDR. It was a policy that replaced the Neutrality Acts of 1937.

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Blitzkrieg was a type of warfare meaning lightning war. Blitzkrieg was used against Poland for Germany.

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The Neutrality Acts were enforced to ensure that US policy would be strictly neutral if war broke out in Europe. There were 3 Neutrality Acts. The Neutrality Act of 1935 authorized the president to prohibit all arms and shipments and to forbid US citizens to travel on the ships of other nations. The Neutrality Act of 1936 forbade the extension of loans and credits to other nations. The Neutrality Act of 1937 forbade the shipment of arms to the opposing sides in the civil war in Spain.

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Appeasement is an international concept that tries to make peace with an aggressive power in order to avoid power.

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The Munich Agreement permitted German annexation of western Czechoslovakia.

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Totalitarianism is centralized and dictatorial concept.

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The Good Neighbor policy reinforced the idea that the US would be a good neighbor. It was put forth by FDR and was aimed at Latin America.

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The Pan-American Conferences were various meetings between reps of independent states in the Western Hemisphere. The purpose was to discuss problems of common defense and juridical matters.

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Social security provides money to people with no income.

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Keynesian Theory stated that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

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The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an independent federal agency that insured deposits in US banks and would assist in the event of bank failures. It was established in 1933 to maintain public confidence and encourage stability in the banking system.

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The Bank Holiday was established by FDR. It is a day when all the banks are closed.

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Fireside chats were established by FDR. In his chats over the radio, he would address US citizens of issues occurring at the time.

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Braintrust is a group of experts appointed to advise a government or politician.

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The First Hundred Days refer to FDR's first hundred days in office. During the first hundred days, FDR did a lot. For example, he established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

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These were three words FDR wanted for his New Deal. He wanted relief for people out of work, recovery for business and the economy as a whole, and reform of American economic institutions.

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The New Deal was part of FDR's plan. He wanted relief for people out of work, recovery for business and the economy, and reform of American economic institutions.

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The 21st Amendment repealed the 18 Amendment (prohibition).

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The 20th Amendment set a date on when the next president, vice president, and senators would be inaugurated into office.

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Oakies were refugee farm families from the Southern Plains who migrated to California to escape the ruin of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl.

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The Dust Bowl was the name given to the drought-stricken Southern Plains region of the US, which suffered severe dust storms during a dry period.

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Hobos were roughly 250,000 young people who hit the road in hard times to find small jobs. They were unemployed and did not have housing.

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Breadlines occurred during the Great Depression. A line of people would wait outside to receive free fo

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Soup kitchens were places that provided the unemployed with food for free during the Great Depression.

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The Bonus army were 43,000 marchers who gathered in DC to demand cash payment redemption of their service certificates.

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The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was a government corporation that provided financial support to state and local governments. It also made loans to banks, railroads, and other businesses.

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Debt Moratorium is a delay in the payment of debts.

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The Hawley-Smoot Tariff implemented protectionist trade policies supported by a senator and representative. It raised US tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods.

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Hoovervilles were shantytowns built by unemployed and destitute people during the Great Depression.

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Rugged Individualism was the belief that all people can succeed on their own and the government should help people in a small way.

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Bank runs occurred when banks could no longer meet the demands of their depositors. People rushed to withdraw their money at the same time.

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Black Tuesday occurred on October 19, 1929. Many people sold their shares and prices dropped because there were no buyers. People lost money overnight. This was the beginning of the Great Depression.

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Black Thursday occurred on October 24, 1929. Panicked sellers traded 13 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange and investors suffered 5 billion dollars in losses.

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Buying on the Margin purchase of an asset by using leverage and borrowing the balance from a bank or broker

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The Dawes Plan was a plan in 1924 to resolve the WW1 reparations that Germany had to pay.

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The Kellogg Briand Pact was an agreement in which certain places promised not to use war to resolve disputes or conflicts.

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Washington National Naval Arms Conference (1921)

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Washington National Naval Arms Conference (1921)

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The Washington National Naval Arms Conference (1921) occurred between the world's largest naval powers. They discussed naval disarmament and ways to relieve growing tensions in East Asia.

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The Teapot Dome Scandal involved the administration of the US under President Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive bidding, at low rates. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation.

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Art deco was a movement in the 1920s and 1930s that sought to upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted.

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The Lost Generation efers to the time period from the end of WW1 to the beginning of the Great Depression.

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Marcus Garvey was the leader of the UNIA and urged African Americans to return to Africa because African Americans would never be treated justly in countries ruled by whites.

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The Harlem Renaissance was a black artistic movement in NYC during the 1920s. Writers, poets, painters, and musicians came together to express feelings and experiences, especially about the injustices of Jim Crow.

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Bootleggers were smugglers of illegal alcohol during the Prohibition Era.

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Speakeasies were bars that operated illegally during the time of Prohibition.

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The Volstead Act established a Prohibition Bureau within the Treasury Department.

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Fundamentalism is a strict adherence to the basic principles of any subject.

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The Scopes Trail was a highly publicized trial where John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school.

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Margaret Sanger was an American leader of the movement to legalize birth control during the early 1900s.

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Flappers were carefree young women with short hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. Flappers symbolized the new, liberated woman of the 1920s.

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Urban Sprawl is caused by lack of room or desire to expand in large cities. It is the process of building living spaces in formerly uninhabited parts of the outskirts of a city.

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Route 66 was also known as "The Mother Route" and connected Chicago to Los Angeles.

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The Model T Ford was a car developed by Ford. It was sold at an affordable price and pioneered the use of the assembly line.

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Installment plans were credit systems by which goods already acquired were paid for in a series of payments.

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Birth of a Nation was a controversial but highly influential and innovative silent film directed by D.W. Griffith. It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK.

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Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged for murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Massachusetts. They were electrocuted.

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The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 3% of the number of persons from that country living in the United States in 1910. The Immigration Act of 1924 reduced that number to 2% of the 1890 population from a specific country.

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The Palmers Raids were a series of government actions against suspected radicals, anarchists, and communists commenced in 1919 by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer.

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The Chicago Race Riots were acts of violence committed by white Americans against African Americans that began in Chicago. During the riot, 38 people died.

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The Red Scare was a nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists. The US was gripped with fear. Innocent people were jailed for expressing their views.