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a long and distinct period of history with a particular feature or characteristic.

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The Background Extinction relates to the extinction in earth's geological history way before humans was able to become a primary contributor to extinction.

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Macroevolution is evolution on a scale at or above the level of species, in contrast with microevolution, which refers to smaller evolutionary changes of allele frequencies within a species or population

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A variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce.

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When both extremes are selected for equally

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a mode of natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype.

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Stabilizing selection is the opposite of disruptive selection.

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Usually, traits are polygenic when there is wide variation in the trait.

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Although clearly other genes are involved, the inheritance of each of these phenotypic traits acts as if it were governed by a single gene

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Usually, traits are polygenic when there is wide variation in the trait.

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the stock of different genes in an interbreeding population.

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analogous structures pertain to the various structures in different species having the same function but have evolved separately, thus do not share common ancestor.

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an anatomical feature or behavior that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism of the given species.

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A homologous structure is an example of an organ or bone that appears in different animals, underlining anatomical commonalities demonstrating descent from a common ancestor.

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the branch of biology that deals with the geographical distribution of plants and animals.

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A collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface.

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A process that results in the adaptation of an organism to its environment by means of selectively reproducing changes in its genotype, or genetic constitution.

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Darwinian fitness, means the ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring.

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the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

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the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock.