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https://www.forbes.com/sites/donaldmarvin/2019/05/06/u-s-pork-industry-works-to-contain-african-swine-fever/#35e517c367f4

Topic: Demand and Supply

Point:
The supply of pork from China will start to decrease as the hog producers have no immediate intentions of restocking their herds and the African Swine Fever is infecting the hogs all over China. The demand for imported pork in China will also increase as it is a staple in China.

Evidence:
"China's Ministry of Agriculture recently estimated that up to 80% of hog producers have no immediate plans to re-stock their herds."
"the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has reported that the contagion has spread across all of China’s provinces"
"Demand for imported pork in China is expected to increase in 2019 as end-users react to lower global pork prices and market disruptions and spot shortages caused by ASF, the USDA said in its latest report on the world livestock and poultry trade."

Explanation:
When the African Swine Fever (ASF) hit China, the producers did not re-stock their hogs to cover for the loss in production. This will lead to the decrease in the supply of hogs in China. This will result in increase in demand of imported pork in China as pork is a staple for most of China.

Topic: Elasticity, Oligopoly (Market Structure)

Point:
Prices of pork increased as the supply of pork decreased. There is also more competition in the market for pork in China between buyers because of the fewer sellers, causing it to be a oligopoly market structure, allowing sellers to set pork prices.

Evidence:
"China will not be able to import enough pork to offset its production losses, and the ravages of ASF will ripple through the global market."
"The average wholesale hog price increased 6.3 per cent in March from the previous month, and it was up 7.6 per cent from a year ago"
"With a reduced pork supply at home, China has had to buy more from overseas. In the first two months of the year, the country’s pork imports increased 10 per cent to 207,000 tonnes, the agriculture ministry said."

Explanation:
The prices of pork will increase as the supply for pork decreased and the demand for pork is still the same especially because pork is a staple for the Chinese. Hence, to battle with demand and the decrease in supply, China has resorted to importing more pork from overseas. When more pork is being imported, the price increases as the cost of delivery increases. With a changing market structure from between a monopolistic market structure and oligopoly market structure to a more oligopoly market structure, sellers are able to set prices to their preference, causing an increase in pork prices as sellers see the opportunity in increasing the price of pork to maximize their profit

Topic: Spillovers

Point:
The US soybean exporters are being affected as China pork producers, instead of re-stocking, are relying more on exports from overseas so they would not need to feed for pigs which consist of soybeans. Fast food joints are negatively affected as products like sausages and bacon are used in foods produced there so the price will increase.

Evidence:
"ASF in China will affect the bottom-line of U.S. soybean growers."
"McDonald's, Burger King, Jimmy Dean and Dunkin' all reportedly expect sausage and bacon prices to rise this year as China has to import pigs to make for the 200 million hogs that are expected to die from the disease."

Explanation:
The pigs' feed consist of soybean, so if there are no pigs to feed, soybean is not necessary for the pork producers and soybean imports will reduce, causing US soybean farmers to have decrease in demand for soybean exports to China especially because China is the second largest pork producers.  Pork is largely used in most fast food joints around the world and due to the large amount of hogs dying from the African Swine Fever, the price of pork will increase spilling over to third parties like customers who have to end up paying extra due to the increase in production cost.

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BEIJING (BLOOMBERG) - Apple's Chinese smartphone shipments plummeted an estimated 20 per cent in 2018's final quarter, underscoring the scale of the iPhone maker's retreat in the world's largest mobile device arena against local rivals like Huawei Technologies.

The overall Chinese market contracted by 9.7 per cent in the quarter, but Apple declined at about twice that pace, research firm IDC said in a report on Monday (Feb 11).

A slowing economy, lengthening replacement times and the iPhone's hefty price tag contributed to the US giant's decline in China, IDC said.

Xiaomi fared even worse in the final months of last year, when unit shipments plunged almost 35 per cent, the consultancy estimates.

Smartphone labels from Apple to Samsung Electronics are contending with a plateauing global market after years of breakneck growth, as a lack of industry innovation discourages consumers from replacing devices as often as they used to.

Apple also has to cope with the rise of Chinese rivals such as Huawei, which is eroding its share of a market once pivotal to driving its growth.

China's top electronics retailers slashed prices on the latest iPhones by as much as 20 per cent in past months - an unusual move that illustrated waning enthusiasm for Apple's gadgets.

Huawei shored up its lead after unit shipments soared 23.3 per cent, leading all major brands, according to IDC. That's despite grappling with an unusually turbulent few months during which its finance chief was arrested on allegations of bank fraud, and the US marshalled its allies to try and block the company from selling next-generation networking equipment.

Apple was ranked fourth by shipments in the country during the period, following Oppo and Vivo, IDC said.

Fifth-ranked Xiaomi, a Chinese name that experienced rapid growth just before its 2018 initial public offering, incurred a 34.9 per cent plunge in shipments thanks to inventory corrections and an internal restructuring, IDC said.

"The domestic smartphone market environment in 2019 doesn't look very optimistic," IDC senior analyst Wang Xi said in the report. And "5G phones will still only comprise a very small portion of the overall market. We've a long way to go before they become mainstream," IDC said.

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Apple's iPhone shipments plunge in China as Huawei tightens grip

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BEIJING (BLOOMBERG) - Apple's Chinese smartphone shipments plummeted an estimated 20 per cent in 2018's final quarter, underscoring the scale of the iPhone maker's retreat in the world's largest mobile device arena against local rivals like Huawei Technologies.. Read more at straitstimes.com.

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https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/few-takers-for-used-huawei-smartphones-but-bargain-hunters-sniff-around

Point: Elasicity

Evidence:
''The shops said the prices they are offering for used Huawei smartphones have dropped by $200 to $300 since the ban.''

Explanation:
Due to the US ban on Huawei phones, prices of used Huawei phones have decreased and many people have stopped buying Huawei phones. This shows that people respond greatly to a change in price of Huawei phones, hence the demand for Huawei phones is price elastic.

Topic: Demand and Supply

Point:
The demand of iPhone in China has decreased while the demand of Huawei phones has increased.

Evidence:
''Apple's Chinese smartphone shipments plummeted an estimated 20 per cent in last year's final quarter''
''Huawei shored up its lead after unit shipments soared 23.3 per cent, leading all major brands''

Explanation:
As Huawei's unit shipment soared 23.3%, the demand of Huawei phones have increased. The plunge in iPhone shipments shows that there is a decrease in demand of iPhone. With an increase in demand of Huawei phones, the demand of iPhone is likely to decrease as the iPhone and Huawei phone are substitutes.

Topic: Elasticity

Point:
The demand for Huawei phones is price elastic.

Evidence:
''Customers, too, are staying away, with sales of used Huawei smartphones dropping sharply.''
''The shops said the prices they are offering for used Huawei smartphones have dropped by $200 to $300 since the ban.''

Explanation:
Due to the US ban on Huawei phones, prices of used Huawei phones have decreased and many people have stopped buying Huawei phones. This shows that people respond greatly to a change in price of Huawei phones, hence the demand for Huawei phones is price elastic.

Topic: Demand And Supply

point: The quantity demanded of Iphones in China will start to increase.

Evidence: "China's top electronics retailers slashed prices on the latest iPhones by as much as 20 per cent in past months"

Explanation: The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship that exists betwen the price of a good and the quantity demanded of the good, ceteris paribus.
Since the price of Iphones in China has been reduced by 20%, the quantity demanded of the product should increase according to the law of demand.

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https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/small-car-coe-price-up-10

Topic : Demand and Supply

Point: Price of COE in small cars up to 1600cc and 130bhp have increased. When price of cars up to 1600cc and 130 bhp increases, demand cars in this category will also decrease.

Evidence : ‘The COE price for cars up to 1,600cc and 130bhp climbed 10.6 per cent to hit a one-year high of $36,704.'

"It may be a blessing in disguise, since high PQPs will mean fewer people extending their COEs and more cars scrapped," Mr Tang said. "And that will mean a bigger quota later."

Explanation: The most important factor that affects
the demands for goods is the price of the goods itself. When the price of COE
is high, there will be lesser demand in cars. Instead of buying cars up to 1600cc
and 130bhp, customers will find a substitute or complement that is cheaper.  Therefore, there is a change in quantity
demanded as demands for cars will drop.

Topic: Externalities

Point: The increased price of small-car COE resulted in higher prevailing quota premiums and this affected motorists, a cost on a third party , as they had to pay for the increased cost to extend the validity of their vehicles.

Evidence: But the relatively high prices now will translate into higher prevailing quota premiums (PQPs, which are paid by motorists who want to extend the validity of their vehicle COEs).

Explanation:
There was a rise in the small-car COE price by 10% that then caused the prices of prevailing quota premiums, PQPs to increase which is paid by motorists instead of small cars. Therefore it's an externality as it is a cost that falls on the third party, motorists.

Topic : Market Equilibrium

Point: Market is adjusted to its equilibrium. There is not much of changed in the COE price of cars above 1,600 cc or 130bhp.

Evidence: ‘That for cars above 1,600cc or 130bhp was hardly changed (up 0.02 per cent) at $48,010.’
https://aas.com.sg/resources/coe/coe-prices.html

‘Yong Lee Seng Motor managing director Raymond Tang said the market was expecting car premiums to drop by a few thousand dollars as the shrinkage of car COE quotas had already been accounted for in the past two or three tenders.’

‘The fact that prices did not fall showed that back orders may still be healthy, even if showrooms were quiet over the weekend, he added.’

Explanation: The COE price of cars above 1,600cc only increased by $10 as compared to previous months there was a significant increase or decrease but from the months April to May, the COE price for cars above 1600cc did not have a significant change.
Adding on, since there is an increase in the price of COE of around $5000 in the month of April, there might be a shortage in the supply of cars. Hence, to reduce the demand, there is an upward pressure on price, using price to increase. Therefore, in the next month, market equilibrium has been attained. There might be a surplus/ shortage in cars the previous months till market equilibrium is attained in may 2019. When market reaches equilibrium, price will remain constant which shows that demand for cars remains the same.