# data[].attributes.body
1. One thing which surprised me was the fact that the issue of social inequality in Singapore is a lot worse than i had imagined. I did not much about social inequality in Singapore as i thought Singapore was a very Fair and peaceful multi-racial society. However, after watching this video i came to realise that that wasn’t always the case as there are definitely people in Singapore treated less fairly and given less priorities.

2. This video challenged my perception on social mobility and social inequality in Singapore. I already knew that singapore was a very diverse society, however this video showed me how differently the different races are treated and how one’s social status can change their whole life, including how they stand compared to others in the society.

3. One thing i found very interesting was how a few simple questions could very easily divide the different people in singapore. Where each person stood at the end of the video was representative of where they stood in the fast moving society, and how their social status affected their lives so much.

# data[].attributes.body
Q5. We are serving a special needs school. To help them, we can raise awareness about their disabilities and how to treat them. The future needs of these children would be reduced job opportunities and discrimination. One important (but wrong) idea here is that disabilities are restrictive and will cause the person to perform inadequately in his/her job. So we have to raise awareness that they are not defined by their disability and it is only a part of them. We can help them to discover their talents in other areas. (e.g. musical, artistic)

Q6. Our solution impacts the entire community as it changes their perception of children with special needs. Once they are more open-minded, hopefully they will be able to discover and help other needy groups, such as those who are poor, and the elderly. Hopefully, they will be able to realise that it is not good to have a fixed outlook towards a certain group of people.

# data[].attributes.body
5. How can we meet the current or future needs of the community you are serving?

Current Needs

- they need to know how to navigate

- bus timings

- accurate support from others

- more people to be aware of their presence and not knock into them

Future Needs

- knowledge on how to use electronics such as mobile devices

How to meet those needs

- Be more aware and considerate of them when they are around us

- learn how to guide them correctly

- start programmes/lessons to teach them how to use electronic devices

- community also can come up to more tactiloe devices and auditory devices that includes voice functions

6. What are some of the implications of the “solutions” you have generated? Would any of these "solutions" impact on other groups in the community?

Implications

- it will be convenient for them and it will make them feel mroe included as items are created for their convenience

- the devices allow them to be more educated on technology, allowing them to be more easily be in contact with technological devices in the future

Impact on other groups

Positive

- greater awareness of the visually handicapped and possibly be more open and accepting of them

- possibly help others with different disabilities / special needs such as the elderly, mentally ill etc.

Negative

- auditory devices such as announcements may result as a form of constant disturbance to others

# data[].attributes.body
Post-Module

1. What makes people poor?

Changing trends in a country's economy. Associated with the lack of education, high divorce rate, a culture of poverty, one cause is also illiteracy overpopulation, epidemic diseases such as AIDS and malaria and environmental problems such as lack of rainfall. The generation of new wealthy people inevitably creates a group of poor people.

That they don’t have what other people have makes them poor

The contrast between the relationship to other people in society makes them poor

The challenge is not to make a claim that poverty has been eradicated but to seek to understand that the generation of wealth and prosperity for some necessarily creates new populations of poor people, people who miss out, loose out

Deprivation is the result of flawed choices and behavior by the poor themselves.

Having a criminal record or history of incarceration is a barrier to success in the labor market, and limited employment or depressed wages can stifle an individual’s ability to become self-sufficient… . Further, criminal sanctions create financial and emotional stresses that destabilize marriages and have adverse consequences for children.

2. Whose responsibility is it to help these poor?

It is the poor’s responsibility to bring themselves out of their social status. Their family are also important as they know the real problem and the real need. They know if their family member is in genuine trouble or if they are only faking it to get out of working.

However, the public can support the poor by treating them with care and providing a safe environment in which the poor can live and work in.

3. The title of the video is “Invisible Singaporeans”. Why are these Singaporeans invisible?

Nobody wants to help these Singaporeans, and do not even know about such cases of Singaporeans in Singapore

People in Singapore ignore the underlying issue of poverty as although as compared to other countries Singapore probably has a smaller population of poor people, poverty still exists but it remains “invisible” and unseen to authorities. These ideas influence the way the general public view the economic status of the country which gives an inaccurate picture of what actually happens to those of lower social class.

They are not important and not part and included in society

4. What can an individual do to help or include these Invisible Singaporeans

An individual can increase their and exposure to these people living in poverty in Singapore

An individual could also donate money or other daily necessities to help them and encourage them to make wise choices to help their own situation of poverty (E.g. Donate clothes, toys, items to the Salvation Army or TOUCH Community Centre)

Advocate the public that poverty is an existential problem which needs to be tackled by the government in order for the development of the economy to advance forward

5. How can we meet the current or future needs of the community you are serving?

Now that we are in the digital age, and technology is rapidly and constantly evolving, we can help the visually handicapped integrate into the digital age easily and smoothly

After talking and interviewing some of the visually handicapped, we learnt that many of them were not tech savvy and did not even own a phone, while other only used old Nokia phones with keyboards

6. What are some of the implications of the “solutions” you have generated? Would any of these "solutions" impact on other groups in the community?

In our prototype, we plan to make a smartphone which does not necessarily need to use a keyboard and is more user-friendly to the visually handicapped

For our prototype to be made, better voice recognition and new technology used in our phone will need to be developed, and this new technology will definitely impact people through the world

# data[].attributes.body
How can we meet the current or future needs of the community you are serving?

To  satisfy people’s need,we have to first understand them, and understand what are the challenges that they face. My group is currently serving at APSN Chaoyang School, which is a school for children with special needs. In our opinion, we think that the biggest challenge the children face is in expressing their views and communicating with members of the public, which leads to misconceptions and stereotypes of the children that members of the public have. The children also take a slower time to react to certain situations, which can inconvenience them, and even put them in danger at times. Hence, we think that a way we can help meet their needs is to innovate a product that can help them solve, or at least improve on a possible problem they face, so as to improve their quality of life.

What are some of the implications of the “solutions” you have generated? Would any of these “solutions” impact on other groups in the community?

So far, our groups has decided on several possible “solutions” to the various problems that the children face. These include a smart device with various functions to help them when they are in public, promoting a movement for their cause, and also a kit with essential items they might need in various situations they face. Although these solutions sound feasible as an idea, we are not sure if they would actually work in real life. The “solutions” we have come up with do not necessarily impact any other groups of people in a direct way, other than how it helps the children with special needs, who are our targeted audience.

# data[].attributes.body
5. Why did Stephen Cluskey become disabled?

His neck snapped after he was run over by a bale of hay, causing him to be paralysed from his neck below.

6. What is accessibility? Why is it so important?

Accessibility is the design of products, devices, services, or environments for people with disabilities. People with disabilities don’t just apply to those physically limited, it applies to everyone. Everyone has disabilities whether temporary or permanent.

Without accessibility, there would be inconvenience in different types of mobility (such as physical or social). Inconvenience causes uncomfortableness, making the lives of certain people more difficult.

# data[].attributes.headline
What is accessibility? Why is it so important? 

# data[].attributes.subject
What is accessibility? Why is it so important? 

# data[].attributes.body
Accessibility is the convenience for everyone. An accessible environment can mean different things to different groups of people. It is important as it allows everyone to live comfortably and be able to experience the same experiences.

# data[].attributes.body
Accessibility is the universal access to a specific service/gadget/structure. It is important because our society is made up of different groups of people, who all have some sort of disability at different points of time. Hence, we should try to include everyone into our society by meeting their needs and allow everyone to access the same resources easily.

# data[].attributes.body
Why did Stephen Cluskey become disabled?
-At the age of 18,Stephen Cluskey was out camping with his friends when fell from a hay bale. Hence, breaking his neck and causing him to suffer from a catastrophic spinal cord injury.

What is accessibility? Why is it so important?

-Accessibility is design of products, devices, services, or environments for people with disabilities. It is important as it makes the disabled people feel included in society and to make their lives easier.

# data[].attributes.body
Integrating universal design to meet everyone’s needs. Accessibility is important as it makes life comfortable for everyone and allows people to use facilities to the greatest possible extent.

# data[].attributes.body
What is accessibility? Why is it so important?
Accessibility is being able to get from place to place with ease. It is the practice of making things that is usable by as many different types of people as possible. It is important because it promotes inclusiveness in the society and it gives equal opportunity to all. It helps everyone be able to participate more actively in society, be it for themselves or for others.

# data[].attributes.body
6.What is accessibility and why is it so important?

Accessibility is the ability to access and use something easily and conveniently through universal design. It is important as everyone has some sort of disability and it helps create a more comfortable environment for everyone.

# data[].attributes.body
Do you think that social experiments like this one should be carried out in secondary schools?

Ans: We think that this can be carried out. As seen in the video, both sides have learnt a lot from each other and have developed emotionally and physically as well. They are able to step out of their boundaries after this experience and have someone to talk to when they are down. It is a good experience to learn and make new friends.

What can you do as an individual to bring about an inclusive community in your neighbourhood?

Ans: We can talk to those who are disabled more often and get to know them. We should also try to understand their needs and help them more.

What prevents people from letting other know about their disabled family members?

Ans: Families with disabled family members keep these members out of sight due to shame, fear or embarrassment. Singaporeans also don't really understand those with disabilities and due to this lack of understanding, they don't interact with them.

What attitude do the majority of the people have towards the disabled in Singapore?

Ans: They feel uncomfortable and uncertain when trying to interact with them.

What can the government do to help change the perception of people towards the disabled?

Ans: Public awareness talks, posters etc. to try to get people to understand those with disabilities so that they will no longer feel that uncomfortable talking to them.

Besides the government, what can individuals do to build a more inclusive society?

Ans: We should learn to understand and accept those with disabilities. Instead of making fun of them, we should help them.

-Additional reading-

What are some statisctics that are important in this website? Identify any 3 that you think are important.

Ans: Population growth, fertility and mortality

What are the implications of these trends now and in 20 years' time?

Ans: These trends show that the population is growing and will continue to do so in 20 years' time. They also show that fertility rates have been dropping and there is a bigger decrease for Indians, with an increasingly more number of Chinese. This should continue in 20 years' time too. The mortility rat is also increasing and

What are some of the needs of the people that the government and individuals could plan for in advance (or for the future)?

Ans: Everyone should start planning for the increasing mortility rate and the decreasing fertility rate. This can probably show that there will be lesser younger generations. The government should promote having kids in the family and couples should also start planning out the possibility of having children.

# data[].attributes.body
What are some stereotypes the Indian lady and the Chinese have of people from the other racial group?

The Indian lady felt that Chinese people were arrogant. Having bad experiences with Chinese people, being bullied and teased, she doesn't like to interact with Chinese as she is afraid that they may look down on her as well.

On the other hand, the Chinese felt that Indians were scary. Many Chinese also did not understand why the Indian lady had a red dot on her head and  jumped to conclusions. They disliked them not because of personality, but out of fear and because of different skin color.  The Chinese kids also believed that all Indians live in India 🇮🇳

Both sides are afraid to interact with each other mainly due to stereotypes that have been passed down. They do not take the chance to choose to interact with the other people.

What other barriers prevent a society from being inclusive?

Familial and societal environment

People are judgmental

Disabled (physical and metal) people (people may be reluctant to approach them as they are afraid that whatever they do would harm them)

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are some stereotypes the Indian lady and the Chinese have of people from the other racial group

Chinese are arrogant

Chinese like to make fun of people

Indians don’t shower

Indians look scary

2. What other barriers prevent a society from being inclusive?

Language barriers

How they were raised/background

Social economic status

Previous negative experiences

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are some stereotypes the Indian lady and the Chinese have of people from the other racial group?

The Indian lady though that the Chinese were arrogant and unfriendly due to past experiences in her childhood. The Chinese family thought that the Indians are scary, they don’t smell good and they don’t shower.

2. What other barriers prevent a society from being inclusive?
- mindset
- Language
- age group
- stereotypes
- culture traditions
- race

# data[].attributes.body
1.  The Indian lady thought that the Chinese were arrogant. And the Chinese boy thought that all Indians live in India or come from India. The Chinese boy also thought that Indians are scary and unfriendly.
2. Language, religion, culture, open-mindedness, SES, occupation
6. The features of a service that can cater to people from different groups. It is important because it helps to create an inclusive society.
It encourages the integration of people into society with services that fit or suit them all, enhancing the society’s inclusivity.

# data[].attributes.body
1. The Indian lady felt that the Chinese were arrogant from her childhood and school-time experiences. Some Chinese think that Indians are filthy, scary and a bad influence.
2. Not having the chance to understand other cultures and make stereotypical comments and judgements about them. Single-raced schools, which causes lack of interactions between people of different cultures and religions etc. Our parents also are a huge influence as they are the ones who bring them up so usually they would tend to set our mindsets. Insensitivity is also a barrier

# data[].attributes.body
Q1
Indian to Chinese
- black
- dirty
- scary
- all live in India

Chinese to Indian
- arrogant
- mean

Q2
- stereotypes passed down from older generations
- bad experience with one person from a race and think all the rest are like that.
- lack of exposure to other races since they study in a Chinese school

# data[].attributes.body
1. What are some stereotypes the Indian lady and the Chinese have of people from the other racial group?

Chinese to Indians :
- think they are dirty, scary, smelly
- think that they don’t bathe
- think that they all have dietary restrictions

Indians to Chinese :
- arrogant
- rude, like to tease
- too inquisitive / insensitive

2. What other barriers prevent a society from being inclusive?

- religion, language, physical and culutural barriers
- mindset of people
- education levels
- how they are raised / brought up
- environment they grow up in
- the people they socialise / interact with
- lack of interaction / exposure
- social economic status
- gender
- occupation

# data[].attributes.body
1. The Indian lady thinks that all Chinese are arrogant and unfriendly.  The Chinese think that the Indians are dirty, they don’t bathe and are unlikeable.
2. Language, religion, culture, (affects food, habits, beliefs, means of communication, what they think is acceptable or not) mindset, level of education, occupation, gender, socioeconomic status

# data[].attributes.body
1.As at end-June, the proportion of residents aged 65 years and over has increased from 8.7% in 2008 to 13.7% in 2018. There are now fewer working-age adults to support each resident aged 65 years and over as indicated by the falling resident old-age support ratio from 7.6 in 2008 to 4.8 in 2018.

General Marriage Rate (GMR) for females fell more than that for males since 1980. GMR for females declined from 67 to 43 per 1,000 unmarried resident females aged 15-49 years from 1980 to 2017. For males, GMR declined from 55 to 46 per 1,000 unmarried resident males aged 15-49 years during the same period.

Total births generally fell after 1988.

Resident Total Fertility Rate (TFR) fell from the peak of 1.96 births per female in 1988 to 1.14 births per female in 2018.

2. In 20 years, there will be a larger ageing population and lesser youth. Reason being, we can see it is a trend that the ageing population is growing and will continue to. In addition, there have been less marriages and less births, which will cause the younger population to become smaller. It is worrying as if this continues to the extreme, there will be very less youths and many elderly.

3. The government can plan for more nursing homes to be built. This way, more elderly’s needs can be catered to since we see there are less youths to take care of the elderly. There can be more healthcare services tweaked to treat common illnesses among the elderly. (targeted towards them) Marriage and bearing children should be encouraged. Doctors can talk to couples about this during their visits.

# data[].attributes.body
1. The fear of their family members being discriminated by others in the society and that they did not want people to know that they have a family member who is disabled (shame on the family reputation)

2. The majority do not mind sharing public space with the disabled but are not willing to interact with them. Half of the parents in a poll also felt uncomfortable if their child were to sit next to a child with special needs in class. Many of those with special needs also felt left out in the society

3. More resources will be provided for the low income families such to cultivate their sense of responsibility. There will also be an increase in support for community-led initiatives that will deepen the understanding on sensitive issues of race and religion.

4. Individuals could volunteer at associations that are for those with special needs and do not exclude those with special needs and also try to understand their differences and interact with them to help them feel included in the society.

# data[].attributes.body
1. yes i feel that this can help bridge the gap between the elderly and the younger generation as fewer and fewer people are living with their grandparents and find it hard to communicate with the elderly, thinking that they can’t connect with the elderly.

2. I feel that we can bring inclusivity by spending time with the elderly, especially our grandparents, forging closer bonds with the other generations setting an example for our siblings and friends

# data[].attributes.body
3. fear, shame or helplessness

4. there is a lack of understanding by Singaporeans in general, and there is a segregation between most singaporeans and the disabled and a sizeable number of Singaporeans still feel uncomfortable interacting with the disabled and that the latter feel shut out from society. Singaporeans are willing to share public spaces with children with special needs, but are not willing to interact with them. Half of the parents polled were uncomfortable about their child having to sit next to one with special needs in class.

5. increase its support for community-led initiatives that deepen understanding on sensitive issues of race and religion. Local community stakeholders can get greater support to coordinate and mobilise resources. This will help strengthen a shared sense of responsibility and ownership towards their neighbourhood. hospitals can partner primary care and community care providers to bring seamless care to patients, with a new healthcare services legislation to be enacted to enhance regulatory clarity, strengthen governance and safeguard patient safety and welfare.

6. Singaporeans need to play their part in building a strong society, particularly one that is "caring, cohesive, and confident", in order to overcome economic and demographic challenges that Singapore will face as it embarks on the next chapter of its journey. Members of the society need to respaect one another as equalss regardless of differences.

# data[].attributes.body
Q3
Discrimination and stereotypes that are passed down from generation to generation might cause people to be embarrassed to let other people know that their family members are disabled.

Q4
Majority of the people in Singapore do not have a deep understanding about people with disabilities, thus they might look down on them and since older generations usually have stereotypes about people with disabilities, when passed to younger generations, this causes the younger generations to be unwilling to accept people with disabilities too. The younger generation who interacts with them at early stages would be more willing to accept them, unlike the older generation did not have much education about people with disabilities, but we need to be an inclusive community and accept everyone despite their differences.

Q5
The government can start introducing the special needs children to children without disabilities so that they would have an impression that these people are actually better and be more accepting of the. This way, people with disabilities and people without disabilities can help each other. This can help to narrow the gap and have a more inclusive society between the people with and without disabilities.

Q6
Individuals can do more volunteer work and mingle around with people with disabilities who are the neglected in the society and we can try to educate ourselves about people with disabilities first and then educate children about them too so that there would be hopefully no stereotype.

# data[].attributes.body
Pre-Module

1. Do you think that social experiments like this one should be carried out in secondary schools?

Yes I agree that such social experiments should be carried out.

This lets the elderly and the youth in Singapore to change their preconceived notions about each other

And forms stronger bonds amongst Singaporeans

Help both parties get into better health, both mentally and physically

2. What can you do as an individual to bring about an inclusive community in your neighbourhood?

Reach out to the people in the community by taking small steps to know them better and understand their needs. eg getting to know neighbours better

Do not judge a book by its cover! You cannot make assumptions about other people just because of their race or age

You should make a point to really get to know the other party

Start by advocating our children on inclusivity and bring them out ot the community to serve to hone their values and mindset in the right direction

3. What prevents people from letting others know about their disabled family members?

Their family members might have prejudices and preconceived notions towards their disabled family members, which may make them avoid their disabled family members, and not want to talk about it

They may also regard disabilities as a sensitive topic which they dislike talking about

4. What attitude do the majority of the people have towards the disabled in Singapore?

Many Singaporeans remain uncomfortable interacting with people with disabilities. This hence causes the disabled to feel shut out from society as they get lesser job opportunities. It was mostly because of the lack of understanding by Singaporeans in general.

5. What can the government do to help change the perception of people towards the disabled?

The government can create more opportunities for interaction between the disabled and an able person

Hospitals will partner primary care and community care providers to bring seamless care to patients, with a new healthcare services legislation to be enacted to enhance regulatory clarity, strengthen governance and safeguard patient safety and welfare.

6. Besides the government, what can individuals do to build a more inclusive society?

Each individual can change their mindset to accept and include those with disabilities

Have empathy, pity and love for the disabled

Can teach others and encourage people around them to show love and care for the less fortunate

realise the benefits of interacting with different kinds of people like learning to be more patient and having better self confidence

# data[].attributes.body
Q1

Yes, because now most teenagers stays solitary by staying on social media and playing games, hence, interacting less with other people. This kind of social experiments give them a chance to interact with different people, encouraging them to socialize in real life instead of playing games alone.

Q2

We can interact more with our neighbors and not just stay at home, and help them when needed to let them feel the warmness of the community. We can also extend our help to the neediest so that the community can be inclusive.

# data[].attributes.body
Q1. We think that social experiments like this should be carried out in secondary schools. This allows students and elderly, who are from generations which are polar opposites, to bond and get a better understanding of each other and their generation. In the process, the two people can also form new impressions of their buddy’s generations and eliminate any stereotypical assumptions that they have set before. It can also help to improve the well-being of both individuals, especially the elderly who might lack company in their ageing years.

Q2.We can try not to exclude people who we see as different and treat them as how we would to anyone else in the neighbourhood. At the park when we play games, we can modify the games slightly a little so that everyone can join in the game.

Q3.The fact that they were shameful of their family members, and have a fear that if those disabilities is known to others, it may ruin their reputation and the way people look at them.

Q4.I think that majority of the people in Singapore are not able to understand and empathise with the disabled as we still feel uncomfortable interacting with them and therefore they feel shut out from society. However, there are some Singaporeans who are trying to make a change in how people view the disabled and they have a very positive attitude towards the disabled.

Q5.The government can increase the number of community-led initiatives that deepen understanding on sensitive issues of ace and religion. This will help strengthen a shared sense of responsibility and ownership towards their neighbourhood, and therefore people might include the disabled more and their view of them might change through interaction with them.

Q6.Individuals who use to disregard the disabled can change their perception of these people and accept and include those with disabilities. They can also educate people in the community to understand and care for the disabled as through teaching others, one can reap the benefits of interacting with many people with different backgrounds.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Do you think that social experiments like this one should be carried out in secondary schools?

Yes. This can bring out a society / community that different generations can come together to interact and understand one another. This can create a more harmonious Singapore. However, we feel that it should not follow a script as it makes it seems forced, fake and pointless. Instead, we should have a hidden camera in places where they interact so as to not make it awkward and to make it more natural and genuine.

2. What can you do as an individual to bring about an inclusive community in your neighbourhood?

- be more open minded
- interact with them
- don’t judge them
- treat everyone equally regardless of race, language or religion

3. What prevents people from letting others know about their disabled family members?

- they feel ashamed, fearful or helpless
- they don’t want others to know about their condition and judge them
- afraid malicious comments

4. What attitude do the majority of the people have towards the disabled in Singapore?

- most people are not willing to interact with them
- half of the parents were uncomfortable with their child sitting next to children with special needs
- people will disabilities ( 62% ) do not feel included / accepted in the community, given opportunities to contribute or reach their potential in society

5. What can the government do to help change the perception of people towards the disabled?

- more needs to be done to promotion of inclusion
- for years, charities that support disabilities have been holding talks to raise awareness about disability issues
- more schools will have more classmates with children with disabilities, learn how to interact with them

6. Besides the government, what can individuals do to build a more inclusive society?

- try to get over the fear of interacting with them , and come to realise they are all the same
- try not to openly judge another’s
- learn to accept them for who they are
- change their mindset and develop more open minded thinking towards them

# data[].attributes.body
1.Although it is a meaningful activity, many secondary school students do not have time for such experiments, however it could be done after exams.
2.This experience lets the younger generation learn about the older generations and we can create an inclusive community for all generations when the older generations can keep up with the pace of life.
3.Spend more time with the older generations and the more neglected parts of the society e.g. special needs students. This will make them feel more included and help them understand our modern society more so they can fit in better. At the same time, we can understand them better so we can meet their needs and wants more easily.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Although it is a meaningful activity, many secondary school students do not have time for such experiments, however it could be done after exams.
2.This experience lets the younger generation learn about the older generations and we can create an inclusive community for all generations when the older generations can keep up with the pace of life.
3.Spend more time with the older generations and the more neglected parts of the society e.g. special needs students. This will make them feel more included and help them understand our modern society more so they can fit in better. At the same time, we can understand them better so we can meet their needs and wants more easily.

# data[].attributes.body
1.Although it is a meaningful activity, many secondary school students do not have time for such experiments, however it could be done after exams.
2.This experience lets the younger generation learn about the older generations and we can create an inclusive community for all generations when the older generations can keep up with the pace of life.
3.Spend more time with the older generations and the more neglected parts of the society e.g. special needs students. This will make them feel more included and help them understand our modern society more so they can fit in better. At the same time, we can understand them better so we can meet their needs and wants more easily.