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How does Golding present Jack as a leader?

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How does Golding present Jack as a leader?

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How does Golding portray the character of Simon?

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How does Golding present a loss of control in Ralph in chapter 2?

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How does Golding present a loss of control in Ralph in chapter 2?

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To what extent does Golding portray the conch as a useful object?

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To what extent does Golding portray the conch as a useful object?

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How does Golding portray the Little’uns in chapter 2?

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How does Golding portray the Little’uns in chapter 2?

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How does Golding show the character development of Piggy through chapter 1 and 2?

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How does Golding show the character development of Piggy through chapter 1 and 2?

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Golding presents a loss of respect in the boys of Ralph. This is shown when ‘Ralph was left...with no one but Piggy’ as he has been ‘left’ by the other boys showing a disinterest or lack of respect from them to him suggesting a lack of control over them that was previously present and displays him losing his power. As well as this, Golding shows the lack of recognition of Ralph from the other boys in chapter two when he has to constantly repeat (three times in fact) ‘But there isn’t a beast’. This language technique has been used to show a contrast in how easily Ralph was able to get his point across and be listened to in the first chapter whereas in the second chapter he is having to repeat himself many times.

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Golding portrays the fire as animalistic, wild & uncontrollable

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Golding portrays the fire as animalistic, wild & uncontrollable

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Although the fire starts as passive and easily quenchable, it soon becomes out of control.
Golding  uses zoomorphism to show the fire as being predatory, threatening and menacing as it progresses over the island moving in the way that a ‘jaguar creeps’. The choice of the jaguar, an animal with dangerous connotations,  presents the fire as stalking it’s prey - the boys. The verb ‘creeps’ suggests that the fire is somewhat shadowing the boys, placing them in a vulnerable position. Additionally, the personification of the fire as it ‘creeps’ shows the gradual instead of hurried movement - reminiscent of the way a predator treats its prey once it has been backed into a corner. This imagery reinforces the idea that the fire has acknowledged its power and superiority over the boys, progressively cornering it’s victims.

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Piggy has become more confident in chapter two

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Piggy has become more confident in chapter two

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In Chapter one Piggy is presented as a vulnerable character compared to the other boys, the quotation ‘the fat boys grunts were behind him’ shows that Piggy is physically behind Ralph but could also suggest that he is lower in the social hierarchy. However in Chapter two the readers sees Piggy start to come out of his shell and become more confident within himself to act as a voice for the unheard. Piggy defends himself and loses his temper when he is not listened to despite him holding the conch, in Piggy’s dialogue ‘I got the conch. Just you listen!’, we see Piggy has become more assured and can give orders and take charge.

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First object that brings the boys together 

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First object that brings the boys together 

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Golding uses the conch as a device to organise and structure the boys. Throughout the first chapter of “Lord of the Flies” we understand how it may create order and be a useful technique in letting the boys be heard and listened to. Piggy found the Conch and states how “it’s ever so valuable” demonstrating his faith and trust in the conch. The emphasis on “ever” tells us the importance and value it could bring to society if used in the right way. On the other hand, it’s power is dependent on the person holding it. Piggy may have found the conch and have an intellectual understanding of what should take place however, due to his status he will not be heard and respected like Jack or Ralph. Jack abuses the power of the conch and sees himself as too high up to bother following it’s rules.  Making his own orders such as “the conch doesn’t count on the top of the mountain”. This creates a sense that Jack is seen as too powerful for the conch making it useless in comparison to him. In chapter 2 so far we have seen how “the top of the mountain” has presented itself as the peak of the heriarchy of the island.

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He is portrayed as kind and considerate.
Simon is shown to be kind as he defends Piggy. The dialogue, "We used his specs... he helped that way" demonstrates that he is willing to defend those who can't defend themselves. This is particularly significant as he is standing up to Jack, who is presented as violent and more powerful than him. Golding uses the juxtaposition of Jack and Simon to emphasis how kind Simon is; Jack continuously tells Piggy to "shut up", while in contrast, Simon quietly defies him by explaining how Piggy was useful.

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Jack is portrayed as a confident leader who is certain that he will get his way. The line, ‘ he held out his hand for the conch’ implies that he is sure he will receive the conch and get the right to speak. The phrase ‘ held out’ almost shows how he thinks himself superior and a higher status than the others. The action is also quite forceful and deliberate. He might have done this because he wanted to be noticed and known as an authoritative figure.

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Golding shows how Simon is a quiet but respected character in chapter two as there are actually not many quotes from Simon himself in the chapter however Piggy still mentions him in his speech about the imbalance of power with the conch. Piggy says: ‘you say shut up; but if Jack or Maurice or Simon—‘ which shows how Piggy now considers Simon to be someone who would be respected when trying to talk with the conch in hand rather than himself who is told to ‘shut up’. Although we as readers do not see many examples of Simon talking in the chapter, he is still seen as someone of a slightly higher and more controlling status. This may also suggest a number of good leadership qualities to Simon as he is still respected without having to shout louder or wave the conch higher like Ralph or Jack which clearly appeals to weaker characters such as Piggy

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Read through each column. Add one more paragraph to a column of your choosing. 

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Read through each column. Add one more paragraph to a column of your choosing. 

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Also - read Chapter 3 :)

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Golding portrays the fire as having sits own agenda and mind

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Golding portrays the fire as having sits own agenda and mind

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On the other hand, Golding portrays the fire as having it’s own agenda and mind, personifying it. The fire is personified and described as though it has agency to ‘thrust’ out an ‘arm’. The verb ‘thrust’ has connotations of urgency, speed and desperation. By using the very ‘thrust’, Golding implies that the fire is desperate to destroy, perhaps having some sort of agenda or reasoning behind the destruction. This makes the reader feel as though the fire has a mind of its own, being its own person.

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However, Golding portrays the conch as an imitation of a powerful object

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However, Golding portrays the conch as an imitation of a powerful object

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Although the conch works as a mouthpiece and an earpiece, it’s so-called power was given to it by the boys and relays on they boys’ cooperation, so can be removed when the boys choose to disregard it. Depending on the hierarchy created in the Island society, not everyone is taken completely seriously when they try to speak. When Piggy has the conch on the top of the mountain, he is repeatedly disregarded even though he has a “right to speak”. The noun “right” implies that it’s a human value to be listened too, especially with the conch, although when Piggy tries to use that right, he is just ignored even though it is obvious to the reader that he is the smartest of all the boys, which leads to the view that instead of being a powerful object which forces others to listen, the conch is merely a shell given high expectations - one which cannot ever replicate a mouthpiece for the people due to its creators’ hierarchy ideals.

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In Chapter 2, we use Piggy’s glasses to light a campfire, in aim to signal to any passing boats. Golding creates Piggy’s glasses with a target to portray that even though he may not be the leader, he holds power with his glasses, the only ones on the island. Piggy’s words “give me back my specs!” indicate that everyone is willing to get hold of one of the only pieces representing technology on the island, as well as him loosing his sight and gaining inability to see. This could suggest that whenever Piggy’s glasses are used to light a fire, Piggy will be left without power, since the one object giving him that power and vision, will not be with him.

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Ralph is portrayed as the protagonist of the story, standing up for civilization, morality, and leadership whereas Jack is portrayed as the antagonist, stands for the desire for power, selfishness, and amorality. During chapter 2 we see a side of the boys we haven’t seen before, more animalistic, wild, violent and rabid for example when they grab piggy and take his glasses off him ‘give me back my glasses’ . This makes Jack a more appropriate leader for them and they all start to take have an inclinaction towards Jack rather than Ralph. Jack starts to gain the trust of the assembly after Ralph can’t think of a way to start the fire and Jack finds a solution

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Piggy has become more mature in chapter 2

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Piggy has become more mature in chapter 2

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In Chapter one, Piggy is presented as dependant and needs the help of his auntie to overcome situations. His repeated dialogue of “My auntie-“ shows that he needs to rely on his auntie’s guidance to survive hardships as he tells Ralph what his auntie says to him when they are exploring the island. This conveys the idea that Piggy is very childlike and needs an adult to lead him through the way so that he can follow in their footsteps. However, in chapter 2 Piggy seems to have become an adult himself and criticises the other boys by saying that they are ‘acting like a crowd of kids’ which is in fact ironic as the boys are children and also Piggy is no different from them and is also a child. As he yells at them and says that they are childish, it makes it seem like he is the one in charge of them and also the adult.  Piggy being the adult means that he is more mature and this shows how in Chapter one he was the one who relied on other’s help but in chapter two he can take charge of others and scold them as well and shows the maturity gained through the chapters.

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Jack has violent tendencies that may escalate later on

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Jack has violent tendencies that may escalate later on

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From the first meeting that the reader has with Jack, he is instantly portrayed as controlling and able to get his way very easily. It seems that he would go a long way to achieve his desires. However, as chapter 2 progresses, Jack becomes increasingly violent and dangerous. This is first visible after Jack is unable to kill the pig. This embarrasses him and he almost makes it his mission to prove himself through hunting and death. William Golding chooses to use Jack’s repetition of the phrase ‘next time’ as a justification to the other boys that he is capable to show how his inability to kill the pig has affected him. He feels desperately ashamed that he wasn’t able to kill it and wants to cover this weakness up. Later on, he is described as having ‘slammed his knife into a trunk’ which, with the use of the word ‘slammed’, seems very aggressive and possibly hints to Jack having violent tendencies. It could act as a representation as the theme of war between man and nature in the novel as he slams the knife into a tree trunk as well as foreshadowing both the burning of the forest and other acts of violence throughout the book. Jack, as soon as being warned of the ‘beastie’ on the island, also immediately assumes a defensive position of violence, telling the small boy of how he’d ‘hunt and kill it’. This not only shows his dangerous violent tendencies again but also suggests that he is using violence as a means of claiming power and popularity among the other boys, particularly the small, frightened ones. Through this repetitively aggressive and violent behaviour, we are given a glimpse into Jack’s slightly dangerous personality and begin to question how this may affect the continued storyline with young boys isolated on an island, especially with the added fear factor of the ‘beastie’ which may trigger Jack’s tendencies further.

Myrtle

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The author portrays Jack as being a leader, as he is able to provide solutions even when Ralph can't. During the meeting, he tells the crowd "if there was a snake we'd hunt it and kill it", and is able to convince the boys that the beast is less of a threat. However, Ralph repeats "but there isn't a beast!", even though this does not stop the boys from worrying about the beast. This demonstrates to the reader that Jack is a natural leader, as he is able to offer a solution, even when Ralph can't. Furthermore, by saying he would be able to "kill" the beast, Jack appears more powerful, as he is suggesting that himself and the hunters are stronger than the beast. In addition to this, the dialogue "his specs - use them as burning glasses!" further shows his leadership qualities. He able to provide a solution to the fire before Ralph is, and the author's use of imperative in "use" shows that he is naturally commanding and sure of himself, as he is telling people what to do. This demonstrates to us that Jack is a natural leader, as he is able to provide solutions to problems and make himself look more powerful.

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The conch is used as symbolism to represent order and structure 

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The conch is used as symbolism to represent order and structure 

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We see Ralph attach a meaning to an object, the conch is not inherintly powerful, its power comes from Ralph choosing it as the object that will enforce his rules. The conch is supposed to give he who is holding it the power to speak and not be interrupted, but also the power to be listened to, a rule that is often very hard to get young boys to do. The conch is shaped like the back of our ear which is also called a conch, this shows how Golding has put consideration into choosing this object because the ear is the body party we listen to. The conch also represents the persons who is holding its right to speak, "the pink lips", the lips are the body part we speak from. The conch represents order and structure because without it anyone can speak at any given time, making it impossible to do certain things such as listen to so many people speak at the same time. Golding gives the conch so much power to show the order and structure of the island, and how lots of the boys don't respect the rules, from chapter one to chapter two we see the conch start to lose importance perhaps foreshadowing that the boys will fall out of line soon and the order of the island will start to fade away.

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Golding portrays the Little’uns as timid when speaking in front of the older children and scared of the thought of the beast. They find it hard to find their voice in front of the others shown by the little boy trying to explain this terrifying beast he has seen to the others, but instead of being handed the conch and listened to immediately, he is ridiculed, laughed at and not taken seriously. The boy hold his hand out for the conch, but when he realises that he is the pinnacle of the older boys joke, ‘he snatched back his hands and started to cry’. Piggy acts as a figure of authority and steps in to defend the little boy, but when the exasperated Ralph reluctantly hands him the conch ‘the blow of laughter had taken away the child’s voice’ until Piggy kneels by him and encourages him to tell his story. Golding uses the Little’uns to portray the weak and helpless among society; they are picked on by the older boys and pitied by those like Piggy, who helps as he has been in similar positions. They do not have names and are made to look like pawns who follow the older boys around and are controlled by Ralph and Jack. They are small in physical size and in their understanding of what is going on, so they are easily scared amd scream when they see the snakes shouting ‘snakes, snakes. Look at the snakes’. This also shows their inability to protect themselves and a need for a leader.

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Through the course of chapter 2 we see piggy lose more and more power, even though he is one of the oldest and the most intelligent. We see Ralph and Jack ignore him more even when he has the conch. When jack repeatedly shouts ‘shut up!’ we see that the conch has no power because the person holding the conch, in this case piggy, has no power as an individual. The fact that Jack won’t even listen to Piggy any more is quite significant as it implies that his status has increased and piggy’s status has decrease even though they are the same age. It also further implies the point in chapter one where the little boy was laughed at for wanting the conch because he had less status. It seems as though the hierarchy system has been enforced more even without the boys mentioning it.

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Jacks methods of leadership make him seem like a dictator. Even though he seems like a potential leader of the group the way he decides to lead gives the reader the sense that he has qualities of a ruthless dictator. For example Jack says “I ought to be chief” which means he is sure that he should completely dismiss the idea of the vote because he thinks he should be elected. This proves the statement of him seeming like a dictator. Furthermore Jack also uses fear to make people think he is a good leader. In the quote “he looks at them fiercely, daring them to contradict” Jack embodies a figure of threat and terror that if someone opposes him he will make sure they are punished for it. Even the emotions shown by the choir when Jack is been voted for “dreary obedience” seems like they are being forced to follow Jack. This makes us feel sympathy for the choir as it seems they are being made to vote for Jack without having a say.

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We learn that Simon is a conserved boy who speaks rarely  throughout the book, contrasting with Ralph’s characteristics. The readers understand that Ralph holds a dominant personality, instantly being elected as a leader on this uninhabitant island. Ralph is portrayed as the one who has the ultimate power among the boys on this island and the one that everyone looks up to, whereas, we see Simon as barely being there. Simon can be seen as a subtle character used  as a device by Golding to perhaps highlight Ralph’s position in the hierarchy. The readers also comprehend that Simon is the only friend for Piggy, however, Ralph is seen constantly bullying Piggy, seen through the speech “Piggy! Piggy!”, which shows Ralph teasing Piggy on their first accountance. Simon, on the other hand, is seen supporting Piggy, through the phrase “he helped that way”. Here, Simon is helping the others to realise Piggy’s value rather than belittling him like Ralph and the others do.

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In chapter 2 the little’uns are introduced to us even more. Golding shows that as they are easily distracted through their actions. The quote “even the smallest boys, unless fruit claimed them, brought little pieces of wood.” This shows that something as simple as fruit can sidetrack them from the task at hand. We might be brought to believe from this that they are worth less than the other members on the island, or in the island’s little society and are at the bottom of the hierarchy. Furthermore they are also portrayed as wild in a sense. The little’uns “running around like insects” and “the little boys screamed at them...”  I think Golding is trying to make us perceive them the same way we do insects, like pest and something to be eliminated. Here they are depicted as untamed and a general hinderance to the control that Ralph, Piggy and Jack are trying to achieve on the island. It suggests that they put a strain on the other older kids as “...they fell in the sea; they went into the forest; they just scattered everywhere,” and continues to present more hardships to the life on the island and implies that the younger kids don’t yet understand the severity of their situation.

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The conch is used as symbolism to represent order and structure 

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The conch is used as symbolism to represent order and structure 

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We see Ralph attach a meaning to an object, the conch is not inherintly powerful, its power comes from Ralph choosing it as the object that will enforce his rules. The conch is supposed to give he who is holding it the power to speak and not be interrupted, but also the power to be listened to, a rule that is often very hard to get young boys to do. The conch is shaped like the back of our ear which is also called a conch, this shows how Golding has put consideration into choosing this object because the ear is the body party we listen to. The conch also represents the persons who is holding its right to speak, "the pink lips", the lips are the body part we speak from. The conch represents order and structure because without it anyone can speak at any given time, making it impossible to do certain things such as listen to so many people speak at the same time. Golding gives the conch so much power to show the order and structure of the island, and how lots of the boys don't respect the rules, from chapter one to chapter two we see the conch start to lose importance perhaps foreshadowing that the boys will fall out of line soon and the order of the island will start to fade away.

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Golding presents the fire as having life

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Golding presents the fire as having life

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Golding presents the fire as having life. The personification ‘reached up’ suggests that the fire is trying to grab hold of a branch, implying that the fire wants to get hold of the branch. The feeling of wanting something is a human trait that inanimate objects cannot possess and so the fire through this personification is portrayed as having intent and life. Furthermore, as babies reach out to touch things in their surroundings as a way of exploring and developing their understanding of the world, the fire could be likened to a baby which is a growing, living thing. In addition, the fire ‘grew’, giving connotations of development and getting bigger, suggesting that the fire is growing like a baby would. Another implication that it is growing is that at first it sets ‘a small twig’ on fire, and then ‘a branch’. As a branch is bigger than a twig, it implies that the fire is getting more powerful and bigger as it can set alight more objects that are harder to burn. This implies that the fire is developing like a child and therefore seems more life-like.