# data[].attributes.body
Medical robotics was introduced in the science of medicine during the early 1980s, first in the field of urology. Robotic arms were introduced and used for medical operations. Robotics initially had inferior quality imaging capabilities. During this period, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration also started exploring utilization of robotics for telemedicine.

Telemedicine comprises the use of robotics by physicians for the observation and treatment of patients without being actually in the physical presence of the patient. As telemedicine improved, it started to be used on battlefields. During the close of the last century, medical robotics was developed for use in surgery and numerous other disciplines. Continued advancement in medical robotics is still in progress, and improved techniques are being developed.

# data[].attributes.body
Technological development is leading to an “incredibly exciting” future for medical robots, their impact in the medical field is certainly undeniable. Robots provide industry with something that is, to them, more valuable than even the most dedicated and hard-working employee : speed, accuracy, repeatability, reliability, and cost efficiency. A robotic aid, for example, one that holds a viewing instrument for a surgeon, will not become fatigued, for however long it is used. It will position the instrument accurately with no tremor, and it will be able to perform just as well on the 100th occasion as it did on the first.

Robotics is a stimulating and modern sphere in medical science, that involves many operations and big use of telepresence. The environment of study of telepresence indicates the technologies that allow an individual to sense, as if they were in another location, without being actually there. Robots are used in medicine to execute operations that are regularly performed manually by human beings.

Although the clinical robotic systems used to date are assistive and lack any real autonomy, this will certainly change with the continuous evolution of technology. As the understanding of how to use robotics in the clinic matures, a deeper understanding of how to create more intelligent, more capable surgical robots will continue to develop.

# data[].attributes.body
A wide range of robots is being developed to serve in a variety of roles within the medical environment. The levels of precision and accuracy achieved by these robots have paved the way towards treating conditions that have eluded researchers for ages. One of the biggest contributions of robotics in the field of medicine has been to reduce dependency on invasive surgical techniques. Robots specializing in human treatment include surgical robots and rehabilitation robots.

The field of assistive and therapeutic robotic devices is also expanding rapidly. These include robots that help patients rehabilitate from serious conditions like strokes, empathic robots that assist in the care of older or physically/mentally challenged individuals, and industrial robots that take on a variety of routine tasks, such as sterilizing rooms and delivering medical supplies and equipment, including medications.

Laboratory robots, carry out hundreds of tests (e.g. blood testing), they are used mainly because of their ability to perform repetitive tasks at high speeds, reliably and without fatigue.

Hospital robots, as hospital staff is in short supply, mobile robots in hospitals can help by fetching or distributing medicine, while patient handling robots may assist in the lifting and positioning of patients that are difficult to manage.

Rehabilitation robots,  are robots that help permanently or temporarily disabled people with the matters that they cannot deal with themselves. The user controls the robot using their sight as feedback and inputting commands via various input devices.

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiC68SnwITiAhUvNOwKHQthBFUQFjADegQIABAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Finterestingengineering.com%2F15-medical-robots-that-are-changing-the-world&usg=AOvVaw13wkCUOVjP2U5BHDfU5kXB

# data[].attributes.body
Robotic surgery is the process whereby a robot actually carries out a surgical procedure under the control of nothing other than its computer program. Although a surgeon almost certainly will be involved in the planning of the procedure to be performed and will also observe the implementation of that plan, the execution of the plan will not be accomplished by them, but by the robot.

The advantages to be gained are numerous: a robot's motions can be precisely controlled and constrained through its programming. This results in undeviating trajectories, high accuracies with predictable velocities and accelerations with no overshoot. As expected when dealing with automated processes, the benefits of repeatability and reliability are inherent.

An improvement is also experienced in terms of time. Unlike a human surgeon, a robotic one will not hesitate before each step, contemplating the possible outcomes of the next move. Some might say that this is a disadvantage of robotic surgery, but these outcomes will have been considered and reconsidered by surgeons in the pre operative phase and so do not require further deliberation.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Da Vinci Surgical System Effortlessly Sutures Grape

# data[].attributes.body
The most technologically advanced surgical robot in operation today is the da Vinci Surgical System by Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, (CA). In 2000, the da Vinci Surgical System became the first robotic surgical platform commercially available in the United States, and there are now more than 1,700 da Vinci Systems installed in hospitals worldwide.

The system consists of three main components that work together seamlessly during surgical procedures: the Vision System, which includes a high definition 3D endoscope and a large viewing monitor: the Patientside Cart that contains three or four robotic arms that carry out the surgeon’s commands; and the Surgeon Console, where the surgeon utilizes 3D imagery from the endoscope, as well as hand manipulators with Endowrist instruments (which provide seven degrees of motion, more than a human wrist) to perform the surgery.

Robotic assisted surgery with the da Vinci surgical system allows surgeons to perform complex minimally invasive surgical procedures with precision and accuracy. The system is an advanced robotic platform designed to expand the surgeon’s capabilities and offer an option to open surgery. The procedures performed are for a wide range of conditions in specialties including cardiac, urologic, gynecologic, pediatric and general surgery.

# data[].attributes.body
Safety is the prime concern of patients and doctors. People today have trouble trusting robotic devices in general and in the case of their healthcare the issue of trust is intensified.

First of all, there is always the possibility of errors happening as total safety is a fallacy. Robots are programmed by humans who in turn are not infallible and are prone to make mistakes. In the case of robotic surgery a fault could have serious health injuries or death. Thus, the probability of errors must be kept at a very low level and in the case of a malfunction the system must be programmed to shut down immediately. Afterwards, the surgeon will have to take over complete the operation manually. So, it is obvious that the presence of a human doctor is mandatory and critical.

There are many things that can go wrong which experts must take under serious consideration. Some problems resulting in system failures can be flawed design of the system, malfunction of software and hardware or misinterpretation and inadequate specification. In order to eliminate the possibility of errors, mechanics must undergo “heavy” testing and reasoning about infinite scenarios. Also surgeons must prepare the robotic system cautiously so as not to forget anything which can backfire.

# data[].attributes.body
Robotic surgery may be at an early stage, but that does not mean that it has not demonstrated its potential and significance, particularly in areas previously inaccessible by traditional procedures. However, it still remains to be seen if robotic surgery will replace completely conventional instruments in less technically demanding procedures.

Robotic technology will bring major changes in surgery by enhancing and expanding laparoscopic procedures, advancing surgical technology and thus bringing surgery into the digital age. Not to mention, it possesses the potential to expand surgical treatment beyond the limits of human ability. The benefits of robotic surgery outweigh the costs.