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The scientific management theory is a theory of management intended to maximize labor productivity and economic efficiency. also known as "Taylorism". It was created by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s. Taylor had 4 principles. They were replace work by "rule of thumb", or simple habit and common sense, and instead use the scientific method to study and work and determine the most efficient way to preform specific tasks.

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The Progressive Era was a difficult time to be a worker. Working conditions weren't good and pay wasn't great either. Furthermore, workers had to take actions into their own hands. There were many strikes during this time period. Some were successful and some weren't. All the working class wanted was good working conditions, shorter hours, and good pay for the work they are doing. It was hard for them to gain a voice but once people started listening they began to get what they wanted.

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The leader Samuel Gompers was a diehard capitalist who saw no need for a radical reconstruction of America. He learned quickly that the conceders the workers cared about the most were personal. they want higher wages and better working conditions. These wants unites the working class. In December of 1886, Gompers meet with leaders of other craft unions to form the American Federation of Labor. It was a loose group of other small craft unions. However, every member was a skilled worker no doubt. Gompers had no intention of uniting the working class he knew that if he excluded the unskilled workers the A.F. of L. would have more economic power. Gompers was soon seen as the unofficial leader of the labor world in America when the A.F. of L. grew too 500,000 or more people. the A.F. of L. worked as the national labor organization until the Great Depression when unskilled workers finally came together.

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They began as a secret society of tailors in Philadelphia in the 1870s. However, they grew to be a 700,000 member group by 1886. Committed the organization to seeking the eight-hour day, abolition of child labor, equal pay for equal work, and political reforms including the graduating income tax. They were unlike most unions they include all workers in any given industry and accepted workers of all skill levels and both sexes. Blacks were included after 1883. Powderly believes in boycotts and arbitration, but not strikes. So when member participated in a Chicago strike on May 1, 1886 when a bomb exploited at a worker's rally in Haymarket Square it triggered arrests and repressions. the Knight were singled out for the blame of this event and the member number dropped to 100,000. Powderly's somewhat erratic and factionalism leadership lead to the Knight's demise.

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At the end of WWll American soldiers were coming home to a different country since when they left. The wartime production brought America out of its economy depression and adults saw a remarkable rise in their spending power. it was unlike the depression they left it in. There was plentiful jobs and good wages because Americans were eager to spend after the lack of consumer goods during the war. After the war spending was different. it wants just to satisfy a material desire it was praised to contribute to the success of the American way of life. Items that people wanted were televisions, cars, washing machines, refrigerators, vacuums, and toasters because they were machines that could modernize their lives.

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By the end of the Civil War, railroad construction had been booming and new tracks were being laid across the country. Railroad was the countries biggest employer. Banks and industries were putting a bulk of their money into the railroad. Which is why it was a big shock when a heavily invested firm on the railroad construction closed its doors on September 18, 1873. This is when a a huge panic swept the nation. following the collapse many other industries and firms had to do the same which was disastrous to the nation's economy. 89 of the country's 364 railroad crashed into bankruptcy, 18,000 businesses failed in two years, and unemployment rate rose to 14%. This panic occurred during Ulysses S. Grant's second term and was not able to be resolved during his term and over flowed into Ruther B. Hayes's presidency. Strikes broke out because of the pay cuts and poor working conditions they were now under and around 100 people died during these strikes. Because of the attention of this depression the North lost sight of the racism in the South and groups like the KKK rose killing African Americans and by the time the depression was over the whites had gained all power above the African Americans.