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Sergey Sergeevich Korsakov - an outstanding Russian psychiatrist, one of the founders of the nosological direction in psychiatry and the Moscow scientific school of psychiatry, the author of the classic "Course of Psychiatry" (1893). He was born on January 22, 1854 in the industrial village of Gus-Khrustalny, Vladimir Province. His father, Sergey Grigoryevich, received education at the Moscow Practical Commercial Academy, was an honorary citizen of the city of Kasimov and the manager of estates and factories I.S. Maltsev. Mother - Akilina Yakovlevna, nee Alyanchikova, was a well-educated, soft, sensitive woman, distinguished by her kindness.

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May 12, 1887 Korsakov defended his doctoral thesis "On alcoholic paralysis." The reviewers of his dissertation were Professor A.Ya. Kozhevnikov, Professor I.F. Klein and Associate Professor V.K. Mouth. Four days later, Korsakov is approved by the Council of Moscow University in the degree of Doctor of Medicine

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Among his works, the study of mental disorders in alcoholic polyneuritis (polyneurotic psychosis) is of particular importance. This work created an era in psychiatry, initiating the nosological direction in the study of mental illness. The main type of Korsakov’s teaching is the peculiar type of memory disorder described by Painful Memory Disorders and Their Diagnostics (1890), which is characterized by impaired memorization, orientation in time and deceptions of memory. These three symptoms included in the "Korsakovsky syndrome" are found in a number of mental illnesses.

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Sergey Sergeevich defines hallucinations as representations, combined with sensations corresponding to such subjects, which in reality at the moment do not impress the human senses. He considered hallucination as a thought, dressed in a bright sensual shell.

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The causes of mental illness and their development Korsakov put in connection with the conditions of the external environment; for the prevention and treatment of mental illness, he stressed the great importance of improving the nutrition, working and living conditions of the population. He outlined his views in the well-known manual on psychiatry (The Course of Psychiatry, 1893). The main feature of this work is the desire for a physiological substantiation of the essence of psychosis. The scientist also studied the psyche of microcephalus and worked in the field of forensic psychiatric examination.