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Some were merchants who invested their growing profits in factories.

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Middle-class families lived in well-furnished, spacious homes on paved streets and had a ready supply of water.

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Women of the middle class did not leave the home to work but instead focused their energy on raising their children.

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Some people of the middle class were inventors or skilled artisans who developed new technologies.

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A strict code of etiquette governed social behavior. Rules dictated how to dress for every occasion, how to give a dinner party, how to pay a social call, when to write letters, and how long to mourn for dead relatives.

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While wealthy and the middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods, many numbers of poor struggled to survive in foul-smelling slums.

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There was no sewage or sanitation system, so wastes and garbage rotted in the streets.

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The tenement had no running water, only community pumps.

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Working in a factory system differed greatly from working on a farm. Workers could only take breaks when the factory owners gave permission.

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Many working-class people found comfort in a religious movement called Methodism. This movement was influenced by the Industrial Revolution as people moved to cities and lost connections with their old churches.