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Pathos: is an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response

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Pathos: is an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response

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University of Maryland, Baltimore Writing Center

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What is Emotion? (Pathos) | How to Craft an Argument

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Persuasion through pathos is persuasion through emotions. Since emotions are built on judgments, you need to demonstrate to your audience that you feel the same way about issues as they do. Please download our "Persuasion: Emotion:" handout here: http://www.umaryland.edu/media/umb/oaa/campus-life/writing-center/documents/Persuasion-Emotion.pdf

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Pathos can be found frequently throughout his piece, but in one instance Douglass states, " Death soon ended what little we could have while she lived, and with it her hardships and suffering. She died when I was about seven years old, on one of my master's farms, near Lee's Mill. I was not allowed to be present during her illness, at her death, or burial. She was gone long before I knew anything about it.Never having enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tender and watchful care, I received the tidings of her death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger"(Douglass 2).

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This specific quote strongly appeals to pathos by the way Douglass explains how he never got to know his mother and him being deprived of a connection with her and her early death resulted in her passing having no effect on him. The way that the author describes his seven year old self lacking any feelings for his mother's absence causes the reader to feel sympathetic and saddened for Fredrick Douglass.

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Ethos: is an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader

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Ethos: is an appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader

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University of Maryland, Baltimore Writing Center

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What is Character? (Ethos) | How to Craft an Argument

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Persuasion through ethos is persuasion through character. Since character is built on trust, you need to demonstrate to your audience that their values are also your own. Please download our "Persuasion: Character" handout here: http://www.umaryland.edu/media/umb/oaa/campus-life/writing-center/documents/Persuasion-Character.pdf

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Logos is in a way scarce considering it's a personal narrative but at one point it refers to events in The Bible when it claims, "Whether this prophecy is ever fulfilled or not, it is nevertheless plain that a very different-looking class of people are springing up at the south, and are now held in slavery , from those originally brought to this country from Africa; and if their increase will do no other good, it will do away with the force of the argument, that God cursed Ham, and therefore American slavery at the south must soon become unscriptural; for thousands are ushered into the world, annually, who, like myself, owe their existence to white fathers, and those fathers most frequently their own masters" (Douglass 3).

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Because Logos is the authors use of a reliable source in order to prove a point, Fredrick Douglass provides information from The Bible in order to defy the platform that white people had built on The Bible in order to justify their heinous actions toward the slaves. Douglass provides a good counterargument with the same evidence that is being used against him and his people.

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Logos: is an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason

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Logos: is an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason

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University of Maryland, Baltimore Writing Center

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What is Reason? (Logos) | How to Craft an Argument

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Being a slave himself, Fredrick Douglass is on the inside with all the events he's portraying for the audience so he is able to persuade the reader with the emotions the author felt firsthand. An example of ethos would be, "I have often been utterly astonished, since I came to the north, to find persons who could speak of the singing, among slaves, as evidence of their contentment and happiness. It is impossible to conceive of a greater mistake. Slaves sing most when they are most unhappy. The songs of the slave represent the sorrows of his heart; and he is relieved by them, only as an aching heart is relieved by tears. At least, such is my experience" (Douglass 8).

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This piece from Douglass's narrative greatly represents ethos due to the way that a false theory was put up that the music of slaves was thought to mean happiness, when in reality it was the greatest method to convey sadness. The reader can only pick up this information from a source who was a slave themselves and worked closely with them and experienced their sorrows as well and participated in the melodies of woe. The reader would not know the true meaning behind the songs that were sang unless Douglass, a former slave, would have explained it, making him a credible source to support ethos.