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Bibliogrphy

1. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/what-are-hiv-and-aids

2. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/about-hiv-and-aids/symptoms-of-hiv

3. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/stds-hiv-safer-sex/hiv-aids/how-can-i-prevent-hiv

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How common is HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, varies in prevalence from nation to nation. As of 2015, it is estimated that there are 36.7 million people worldwide infected with HIV.

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H ow to protect against HIV?
HIV is spread through semen, vaginal fluids, blood, and breast milk. Protect yourself by using condoms every time you have sex, and don’t share needles with anyone. You can also ask your doctor about HIV — a daily pill that helps prevent HIV.

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Symptoms of HIV
About 40% to 90% of people have flu-like symptoms within 2-4 weeks after HIV infection. Other people do not feel sick at all during this stage, which is also known as acute HIV infection. Early infection is defined as HIV infection in the past six months (recent) and includes acute (very recent) infections. Flu-like symptoms can include:

1. Fever

2. Chills

3. Rash

4. Night sweats

5. Muscle aches

6. Sore throat

7. Fatigue

8. Swollen lymph nodes

9. Mouth ulcers

These symptoms can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks. During this time, HIV infection may not show up on some types of HIV tests, but people who have it are highly infectious and can spread the infection to others.

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How is HIV spread?

HIV is spread mostly through four body fluids:

semen

vaginal fluid

blood

breast milk

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What Is HIV?

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, if not treated. Unlike some other viruses, the human body can’t get rid of HIV completely, even with treatment. So once you get HIV, you have it for life.

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Bibliography

1. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/

2. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/bfaq.htm

3. https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/digestive-diseases-hepatitis-b#1-3

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How Common Is Hepatitis B?

The number of people who get this disease is down, the CDC says. Rates have dropped from an average of 200,000 per year in the 1980s to around 18,000 in 2012. People between the ages of 20 and 49 are most likely to get it.

Only 5% to 10% of adults and children older than 5 who have hepatitis B end up with a chronic infection. The numbers aren’t so good for those younger than 5 (25% to 50%) and even higher for infants infected at birth (90%).

As many as 1.4 million people in the U.S. are carriers of the virus.

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How Is It Prevented?

To help keep a hepatitis B infection from spreading:

Get vaccinated (if you haven’t already been infected).

Wear gloves when you clean up after others, especially if you have to touch bandages, tampons, and linens.

Cover all open cuts or wounds.

Don’t share razors, toothbrushes, nail care tools, or pierced earrings with anyone.

Don’t share chewing gum or pre-chew food for a baby.

Make certain that any needles for drugs, ear piercing, or tattoos -- or tools for manicures and pedicures -- are properly sterilized.

Clean up blood with one part household bleach and 10 parts water.

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How Do I Know if I Have It?

When you’re first infected, the warning signs include:

Jaundice. (Your skin or the whites of the eyes turn yellow, and your pee turns brown or orange.)

Light-colored poop

Fever

Fatigue that persists for weeks or months

Stomach trouble like loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting

Belly pain

Symptoms may not show up until 1 to 6 months after you catch the virus. You may not feel anything, and about a third of the people with this disease don’t. They only find out through a blood test.

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HOW HEPATITIS B SPREADS?
Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluid infected with the Hepatitis B virus enters the body of a person who is not infected. People can become infected with the virus during activities such as:

Birth (spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth)

Sex with an infected partner

Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment

Sharing items such as razors or toothbrushes with an infected person

Direct contact with the blood or open sores of an infected person

Exposure to blood from needlesticks or other sharp instruments

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WHAT IS HEPATITIS B
Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a major global health problem. It can cause chronic infection and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer.