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El futuro del español en los Estados Unidos

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El futuro del español en los Estados Unidos

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No es ningún secreto que la población hispanohablante de los Estados Unidos está aumentando rápidamente. Por 2020, se proyecta que habrá aproximadamente 40 millones hispanohablantes en los Estados Unidos, un número asombroso. De acuerdo con este artículo, sin embargo, el número de hispanohablantes latinos puede disminuir debido a las nuevas generaciones que quieren asimilarse a la cultura americana o para evitar la discriminación.

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Spanish reigns as the most dominant non-English language in the United States. The language of la raza is widely taught throughout the nation to children who will need it in their futures, and learnt by business men who recognize that it's advantageous to their careers. Spanish terms and phrases are drawn freely across banners in at sport venues, on billboards, in restaurants, and written on perishable items in the grocery store. The immigration of Latinos drove the prevalence of the Spanish language; but Latino immigrants in collaboration with the incline of Spanish that's spoken in the United States, will result in the growth of Spanish speakers to 40 million by 2020.

While that number may seem high for the 53 million-strong regenerative race, the U.S. Census Bureau revealed that there will be a decline in Spanish-speaking Latinos, decreasing from 75 percent to 66 percent by 2020. Hispanics who are third-generation, or further assimilated into the American culture, are likely not to speak Spanish at home, if at all. Pew Research Center indicated that American Latinos find less value in speaking Spanish than their immigrant counterparts. Latino Americans become monolingual English speakers; absorbed into "the mainstream," and "they cultivate identities that are rooted in speaking English," unknowingly denouncing the heritage of their parents.

"Language is just as much about value, culture, identity, context, emotion, behavior and usage. Children learn in their school setting that the only language that really matters in this society is English," explained Florida International University's assistant professor of linguistics, Phillip M. Carter. "They, therefore, cultivate identities that are rooted in English speaking."

Carter argued that schools don't have proper bilingual immersion programs for immigrant students, pressuring them to speak English. Students are even placed in remedial classrooms when unable to convincingly speak English. Many young Hispanic Americans hide Spanish speaking abilities, feeling ashamed and fearing discrimination. This is fortified by politicians who have a tendency to link Spanish to "the ghetto" in an attempt to assassinate and dismantle the Spanish language, according to Carter. This is apparently the case in North Carolina, where the Latino population increased 394 percent from 76,726 in 1990 to 378,963 in 2000.

"In North Carolina right now, Spanish is a 'new' language where immigrant children experience shame for speaking Spanish, and many children pretend not to speak or even understand the language," said Carter. "This is not in the third generation, but in what we call generation 1.5, the young children who come with their parents from abroad."

However, in other communities, Spanish is encouraged and bilingual and bi-literate dual language immersion schools are available. The retention of language and customs are seen as important to those who believe that children growing up multicultural will become multifaceted, and proud of personal heritage. Growing up without language, could mean that young American-Latinos will lose ties with their ancestors, and they will have no knowledge of where they originate from.

The share of Hispanics that speak Spanish fell to 78 percent in the 2000s, and the numbers continue to descend. While at the same time non-Latinos have seen the benefits of the Spanish language, and continue to seize opportunities to learn it. Non-Latinos will potentially govern the language if Latinos lose interest in it.

Tags third generation, Latinos, Spanish, roots, english language, Spanish Language, spanish-speaking latinos, Non Latinos Speaking Spanish

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Third-Generation Latinos are Less Likely to Speak Spanish in the Future as They Find Their Roots in the English Language

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The share of Hispanics that speak Spanish fell to 78% in the 2000s, and the numbers continue to descend. While at the same time non-Latinos have seen the benefits of the Spanish-language, and continue to seize opportunities to learn it; and, non-Latinos will potentially govern the language if Latinos lose interest in it.

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La importancia de hablar español en los Estados Unidos hoy no se puede enfatizar más. El bilingüismo es tan importante considerando que los Estados Unidos tiene la segunda mayoría de hablantes de Español de cualquier país del mundo. En el mundo profesional es importante que le permita atender a un grupo más grande de personas, se ve más impresionante en un currículum vitae, y le permite ser más culta a nivel personal. Las ventajas son infinitas.

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Temple Department of Spanish & Portuguese

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Speaking Spanish in the US: The competitive edge

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In the United States, bilingual (English/Spanish-speaking) professionals are in increasingly high demand in fields such as public health, business, criminal justice, social services, translation/interpretation among others. If you are pursuing one of these majors you can enhance your studies and give yourself a competitive edge in the job market by learning Spanish.

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Hay mucho debate sobre si los Estados Unidos deberían tener una lengua oficial. Siendo un país donde el inglés es considerado el idioma primario y las leyes primarias y otras cosas tales como signos están escritos en inglés, hay grupos que creen que el inglés debe ser el idioma nacional. Quieren emplear una estricta regla monolingüe en la sociedad, y no estoy de acuerdo con sus sentimientos. Aunque es definitivamente beneficioso conocer y aprender inglés y español, los dos son tan prevalentes como el uno al otro y va en contra al principio de libertad que este país fue construido sobre si designamos una lengua nacional.

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On July 31, Carlos Steven Baez was enjoying a meal with his mother at a Southern California IHOP when an older white woman dining nearby overheard them conversing in Spanish.

"We speak English here," she scolded as a stunned Baez filmed. "Go back to Spain."

"You can't be doing that," Baez replied. "That's racist."

The woman then launched into a nonsensical yet seemingly well-rehearsed denunciation of bilingualism-linking it to Nazism and Stalinism while name-dropping every autocrat from Hitler to Castro. "We want English in the United States," she said. "We have freedom of speech ... we want that freedom."

Though clearly not representative of most Americans, this woman is hardly the first to conflate American patriotic identity (as symbolized by a superficial understanding of "freedom" and "liberty") with policies mandating English-only communication. Geopolitical history demonstrates the authoritarian bent of one-language policies, as well as their inability to produce greater nationalistic cohesion, as is so often their stated purpose.

Geopolitical history demonstrates the authoritarian bent of one-language policies, as well as their inability to produce greater nationalistic cohesion. Though the United States has no official language at the federal level, bills are continually introduced in both houses of Congress calling for the establishment of English as the nation's sole official language. ( One such bill, proposed this March by Oklahoma senator Jim Inhofe, is predictably titled the "English Language Unity Act of 2015.") Advocacy groups like ProEnglish-an influential Virginia-based nonprofit-are a major force behind this kind of legislation.

The Southern Poverty Law Center classified ProEnglish-founded by notorious xenophobe John Tanton-an active anti-immigrant hate group in 2009. In 2013, ProEnglish provided legal support to an Arizona community-college student suspended for a number of reasons including complaining about students "speaking Spanish in and out of class," according to the Tucson Sentinel.

The student in question, Terri Bennett, became something of a folk hero in the conservative press that year-a courageous figure standing resolute against the tides of forced multiculturalism, reverse racism, and a deterioration of American culture and values.

But what proponents of the English-only movement probably don't realize is that their closest ideological comrades are also some of their most despised: zealots of the Chinese communist party. The People's Republic of China (PRC) is home to nearly 300 individual living languages. And it is also home to one of the strictest monolingual language policies in the world.

"From its inception, the central tenet of PRC language planning was to promulgate Mandarin Chinese, no matter the ethnicity of the speaker," writes Arienne M. Dwyer, a Chinese and Altaic linguistic anthropologist at the University of Kansas, in a May 2014 article for World Politics Review. Though the PRC "emphasizes that fluency and literacy in Mandarin are key for individual economic advancement," as English is in the United States, Dwyer believes these individual-empowerment arguments are "intentionally simplistic."

In Chinese schools, Mandarin is "a primary means of socialization of minority and non-Mandarin Han students," Dwyer claims. "So, in the mid-1980s, Beijing began transferring minority pupils to schools in Han-dominated China under the neidi ban, or inland class policy." Eventually a full third of secondary-school graduates from Tibet were transferred, and by 2011, more than 23,000 of Tibetan primary-school graduates had been forced to change schools as well. In Xinjiang, home to the Uighurs, China's largest Muslim minority, the ministry of education announced in 2014 that "qualified high-school graduates" were to be sent to inland China for four years to participate in "Xinjiang classes." These special courses were engineered to teach Uighur youth to "love the socialist motherland [and] safeguard national unity."

These policies bear troubling similarities to those used by US and Canadian residential boarding schools in the the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Designed to forcibly assimilate Native American/First Nations youth, the institutions did little to ameliorate the overall conditions of indigenous communities in either country. "Little wonder that Tibetans and Uighurs consider these policies to be at best linguicide," Dwyer adds.

The 1976 Soweto Uprising- a bloody protest led by black South African high-school students against the white-supremacist government-is another example of the problems endemic to one-langauge policies. Students from area schools flooded the streets of Soweto Township to protest the imposition of the Afrikaans language in schools, only to be brutally dispersed by police. The uprising is widely viewed as the beginning of the end of apartheid in South Africa, although the policy wouldn't be fully demolished until 1994. But it also stands as substantial proof of the divisiveness and ineffectiveness of forced monolingualism policies. Clearly, already disadvantaged groups aren't likely to develop any Good, old-fashioned, anti-immigrant nativism is alive and well. further affinity for a state that dictates how they communicate.

From a communication perspective, these types of one-language policies aren't even necessary in the United States. Immigrant groups tend to linguistically assimilate within a single generation, as was the case with Germans, Italians, Poles, and Greeks in the early 20th century. The same can be said for Hispanic Americans: a2007 Pew study found that English fluency jumps 65% between first and second generations.

Which brings us back to the unfortunate incident at IHOP. While the woman in question is an extreme example, the kernel of her anti-immigrant sentiment is nevertheless identifiable in conservative elements across the US political landscape. As recent comments by GOP presidential hopeful Donald Trump indicate, good, old-fashioned, anti-immigrant nativism is alive and well-the same kind of rhetoric used by turn-of-the-century xenophobes to discriminate against immigrants from Southern, Central, and Eastern Europe.

The American "way of life" isn't under attack, because the American way of life cannot be distilled to a single cultural condition or experience. As it always has, the story of America is a story that is ever-expanding, growing richer and more textured-which is kind of the point of this country to begin with, isn't it?

In its organizational mission, ProEnglish claims "in a pluralistic nation such as ours, the function of government should be to foster and support the similarities that unite us, rather than institutionalize the differences that divide us." Which is to say that the function of government should be to foster monism-a theory that denies the existence of distinctions or multiplicity in society. Federally enforced linguistic (and by extension cultural) homogeneity? That's about as un-American as one can get.
We welcome your comments at ideas@qz.com.

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Declaring an official language in the United States is unnecessary-and un-American

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On July 31, Carlos Steven Baez was enjoying a meal with his mother at a Southern California IHOP when an older white woman dining nearby overheard them conversing in Spanish. "We speak English here," she scolded as a stunned Baez filmed. "Go back to Spain." "You can't be doing that," Baez replied.

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Anglicismos son palabras inglesas que han sido adoptadas por la lengua española. Los ejemplos incluyen palabras como "closet", "cool" y "Hot Dog". Estas palabras no necesitan ser traducidas para ser entendidas. Anglicismos ejemplifica cómo las culturas y las idiomas se mezclan para influenciarse.

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Ejemplos de Anglicismos (se escribe anglicismo, no anglisismo ó anglizismo)
Anglicismo: Palabras de origen ingles que se integran a nuestro idioma y que no necesitan traducción para ser comprendidas

Aerobic: Ejercicios Aerobicos, aeróbic: (báxteich) Detras del escenario
Bar: Establecimiento de bebidas que suelen servirse en el mostrador.
Baseball (Beisbol) : Juego que se practica con un bate y una pelota entre 2 equipos de 9 jugadores, en un campo limitado por 4 almohadillas que marcan la carrera del jugador.
Beef steak (Bistec) : loncha de carne, asada o frita.
Blue Jeans: Pantalones de mesclilla
Brother (hermano): Expresión que denota a un amigo.
Business: Negocio
Bye: Adios
Car Wash: lavado de automobil
CD: Disco compacto
Chance: suerte, oportunidad, probabilidad.
Chat: Conversación
Cheese cake: Postre de queso
Chequear (check, to): examinar, explorar, revisar.
Clearance: aclaramiento, depuración.
Click: chasquido, presionar el botón.
Clip: (cir) grapa o punto metálico. 5
Closet: Mueble con puertas utilizado para colgar vestimentas y guardar otros artículos de vestir
Cell Phone: Telefonomóvil
Cool: expresión usada para denotar algo entretenido
Corner: expresión utilizada en el soccer para demarcar una esquina o la salida del balón por una de las líneas de fondo.
Comfort: comodidad, bienestar.
Copy: Copia
Crazy: Loco
Curso (course): evolución, ciclo
Deleción (deletion): Eliminación.
Deplecionar (deplete,to): disminuir, reducir o agotar.
Drive in: Cine de autos
Disket (disquete): unidad de almacenamiento de archivos computacionales.
DVD: Disco de video digital
Elicitar (elicit,to): provocar.
Email: Mensaje electrónico enviado a través de la red computacional de Internet.
Enfatizar (emphasize, to): destacar, insistir, recalcar, subrayar.

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Ejemplos de Anglicismos (se escribe anglicismo, no anglisismo ó anglizismo) Anglicismo: Palabras de origen ingles que se integran a nuestro idioma y que no necesitan traducción para ser comprendidas Aerobic: Ejercicios Aerobicos, aeróbic: (báxteich) Detras del escenario Bar: Establecimiento de bebidas que suelen servirse en el mostrador.