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The Nationalist Revolution/Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)

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The Nationalist Revolution/Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)

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Sun Yixian was a passionate spokesman for the Chinese Republic. In the early 1900s Sun wanted created the Revolutionary alliance. He wanted to rebuild China on “Three Principals of the People,” which were nationalism, democracy, and “livelihood.” This helped China get out of the decline but later on went back into internal wars.

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In 1899 a group of Chinese people formed a secret society, the Righteous Harmonious Fists. The westerners called these people the Boxers for their martial arts training. The westerners tried to force out the “foreign devils.” This became known as the Boxer Uprising when the Boxers attacked foreigners in China.

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After Guang Xu was put in prison the Empress Ci Xi gained control of China. The reformers ran away saving their lives. This reveals that the Empress didn’t like what Guang Xu did to reform China and how the reformers feared they would be imprisoned as well.

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Guang Xu started the Hundred Days of Reform. He created new laws to modernize the civil service exams, streamline government, and encourage new industries. This affected schools, military, and bureaucracy. This helped bring China back to it’s feet and off it’s knees.

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After the crushing defeat it revealed China’s weaknesses. The other countries from Europe and Asia quickly moved into China and carved out Spheres of Influence along the Chinese coast. In 1899 a policy was invented to keep trade open for everyone equally. This became known as the “Open Door Policy” and the Imperial powers accepted the idea.

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Japan pressure was on China and that led to the Sino-Japanese War. The war ended in total disaster when Japan took over the island of Taiwan near the coast of China. This set China back with the war defeat and sent China more into a decline.

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The poverty only increased during this time and the peasants started to rebel the poverty. The revolt lasted 14 years but they were very devastating. The revolters held out for all 14 years but was soon crushed by by regional governors, generals, and the government all crushed the rebellion in the end.

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The Qing Dynasty was at it’s low when their irrigation systems, and canals were poorly maintained which lead to massive flooding. With the population explosion only a century earlier the conditions were worse for peasants. The rich evaded taxes and left all the debt to the poor and the civil service was getting corrupted by bribery scandals further declining China.

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After the Opium war ended the British still wanted free trade. Britain forced China to accept the Treaty of Nanjing. By China accepting the Treaty Britain gained lots of money for payment losses during the war. This was lowering China’s wealth over time and declining it’s empire.

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After Opium became popular in China in the late 1700s the British traded opium from India for Chinese tea. Everything went south after they started using silver to pay for the drugs and it crumbled China’s economy. China wanted to stop the drugs from entering China’s land and insisted that the British stop trading but they wanted the right of free trade.

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They had very popular exports like silk, porcelain, and tea. Their exports were very strong and brought them a lot of money. China was declining from the Industrial Revolution and Europe was winning China over with the Opium drug.

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By Matt Barnett