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The Nationalist Revolution/ Sun Yet-Sen (Sun Yixian)

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The Nationalist Revolution/ Sun Yet-Sen (Sun Yixian)

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Nationalism began to spread in China

Many Chinese citizens pushed for a stronger government

A constitutional monarchy was put in place in China

Sun Yixian wanted to establish the Three Principles of the People

This included nationalism, freedom from foreign dominance, and economic security.

After China’s decline and extreme loss of power, many changes were being put in place. The leader of these changes was spokesman Sun Yixian. He helped put in many helpful reforms in China. Although China had become a very weak nation, many people were trying to help rebuild it.

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The Righteous Harmonious Fists secret society, also known as the Boxers, was made up of many Chinese citizens who practiced martial arts.

They wanted to remove foreigners who were spreading Western culture throughout China

The Boxers tried to attack foreign people in China

The Japanese and  Europeans saved the foreigners and attacked the Boxers

Empress Ci Xi no longer supported the Boxers after this

Due to the failure of the Boxer Rebellion, China had to make reforms. They took on much of Western culture and worked to improve the economy. China had finally begun modernization. Although China was starting to improve and fix itself, it had lost a decent amount of its culture and land to the west.

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Emperor Guang Xu was put in prison for radical forms

Empress Ci Xi took the place of Guang Xu

The Empress mainly wanted power and ignored China’s need for reform

She did not do much to help China during her rule and contributed to the fall of the Qing Dynasty

Empress Ci Xi was not much help to China at all. She refused to put much-needed reforms in place that would have helped China greatly. The Qing Dynasty continued to lose power due to Ci Xi. This causes even more weakening in China’s government. With an extremely weak government, China has become very inferior to the rest of the world.

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China had clearly become inferior to nearby nations

Many Chinese people pushed for reform and modernization

Emperor Guang Xu  decided to put new laws in place

These laws were meant to help modernization in China

Many people thought that the reforms were too radical, and went against them

The failure of the reforms resulted in many things. First, China was not able to modernize. Second, Guang Xu was put in prison and the power-hungry empress Ci Xi was put in place. Finally, many people left China due to fear of the new empress who eventually helped cause the fall of the Qing Dynasty. The evacuation of many citizens along with the new empress contributed to China’s loss of government strength.

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Japan took part in Modernization in the mid 1800s

Their goal was to conquer as much land as possible, and establish an empire

The Japanese eventually went to war with China

China lost the war due to their increasing lack of power

The war had exposed China as a very weak country. This made more vulnerable to attack, resulting in loss of much of its coastal land to the West. The Chinese still had not modernized after the loss. This was one of the main factors in their decline. China needed to adapt to modern technology in order to stop their increasing weakness

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After losing a war with Japan, many countries had discovered how weak China had become

Many Western countries decided to take over many coastal areas in China

The Europeans also put another policy in place which required China to have to openly trade with anyone

China was never informed about the policy, and most likely would have disagreed

China had now lost most of it’s land. Over time, Western nations shad slowly been taking control over China’s land. China was losing power exponentially. Every time a nation conquered their land, they became more and more vulnerable to even more loss of land. China had become much weaker than other nations, and also completely lost its right to not trade with certain countries.

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The peasants in China were living under very bad conditions due to internal conflicts

Hong Xiuquan lead a peasant rebellion against the Qing Dynasty

They hoped for China to make reforms that would benefit everyone

Even though they stayed strong for many years, in the end, the government stopped the rebellion

The rebellion was unsuccessful in terms of getting the reforms they wanted, but they were able to weaken the Qing Dynasty. There were millions of casualties, and the Qing Dynasty began to share power with regional commanders. Due to the declining of the Chinese government, Russia was able to take land from China, causing them to lose power once again.

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The Qing Dynasty was losing power

China’s irrigation and canal systems were falling apart

Due to a large increase in population, the peasants in China were in poverty

Due to bribery, the civil service system was disrupted

China was obviously suffering from many issues at the time. China could not properly function as a country due to these issues. The peasants were very upset about their living conditions, which causes the to rebel. The conflicts in China were causing many problems that contributed to China’s decline.

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After losing the Opium war against Great Britain, China had to accept their treaty

The treaty involved many agreements that supported the British much more than China

China had to give up Hong Kong, and open many ports for the West to trade with

They also had to allow British people to live in China under their own British laws

China’s loss of land to the British gave them less power as a country. They also loss their superiority in terms of trade. They were forced to begin trading with the west under the Treaty of Nanjing. Finally, their requirements to allow British to live under their own rules in China gave more power to the British. China had lost much of it’s power from the treaty.

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Great Britain, along with other European nations, began to export Opium to China

Opium was highly addictive, resulting in addiction to be spread all across China, which fueled the Opium trade

British greatly profited from this, but due to all the money being spent on it, China’s economy weakened

China wanted to stop the opium trade but the British refused to stop exporting

China eventually went to war with Great Britain

The Opium trade cause China to have to export large quantities of silver in exchange for the drug. As more and more people became addicted, the more silver China had to export. This caused harm to China’s economy. Also, when China fought Great Britain, they were very unprepared. The British were using much  more modern, relevant technology that the Chinese was not using. China inevitably lost the war. China had lost a lot of land to Britain and also had to agree to the British’s treaty, which greatly favored Great Britain. The importation of Opium along with the loss of the war, caused damage to China’s economy and their strength  against other nations.

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The Tributary system was used to establish and manage trade with other nations

China believed that they were superior and that other nations were very uncivilized

If a nation wanted to trade with China, their ruler would have to meet the Chinese emperor and show their respect to them by performing a type of bow called a kowtow

Nations who began trading with China had to pay them had to show their respect to China multiple times, even after the initial tribute

The Tributary system helped China gain respect from other nations as well as maintaining good foreign relations and a good economy. The system worked very well until The Qing Dynasty, who was in control of China for a very long time, began to lose power because of conflict with Western Nations. They no longer had the strength to support this system anymore, so the use of the Tributary system declined, resulting in weaker foreign trade and relations. This ultimately caused the nation of China to weaken.