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The leader of the National Socialist ("Nazi") Party of America, informed Skokie's police chief that the National Socialists intended to march on the village's sidewalk on May 1.

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Under common law, to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed

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Defamation is an area of law that provides a civil remedy when someone's words end up causing harm to your reputation or your livelihood.

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All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

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Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

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The Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury.

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The Seditious speech is speech directed at the overthrow of government.

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For all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed.

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It a landmark United States Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of Executive Order 9066.

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No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger.

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The Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement.

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The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause.

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The well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

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The Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

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The Supreme Court had to decide if states could give money to religious schools to hire teachers even if it was specified that the teachers couldn't teach religion.

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Is censorship imposed, usually by a government, on expression that prohibits particular instances of expression.

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The section of the First Amendment italicized here: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.

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Rational basis review is a test courts may ise to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance.

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The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution requires the states to provide defense attorneys to criminal defendants charged with serious offenses who cannot afford lawyers themselves.

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Is a U.S. Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants.

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A controversial ruling made by the Supreme Court in 1857, shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War. Dred Scott, a slave, sought to be declared a free man on the basis that he had lived for a time in a “free” territory with his master.

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Is a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. ... Arguing that these state interests became stronger over the course of a pregnancy, the Court resolved this balancing test by tying state regulation of abortion to the third trimester of pregnancy.

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Is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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The former practice of segregating black people in the US.

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The admission policies that provide equal access to education for those groups that have been historically excluded or underrepresented, such as women and minorities.

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Was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts.

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A phrase in the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution requiring that states guarantee the same rights, privileges, and protections to all citizens.

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tthe Supreme Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination.

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Was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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Was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that ruled it is unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.

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The incorporation doctrine is a constitutional doctrine through which selected provisions of the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states through the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

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Is a legal term in United States law used to describe actions that purposefully and discernibly convey a particular message or statement to those viewing it.

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An important ruling on affirmative action given by the Supreme Court in 1978. Allan Bakke, a white man, was denied admission to a medical school that had admitted black candidates with weaker academic credentials. Bakke contended that he was a victim of racial discrimination.

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Literacy test is a test that determines the qualification of a voter based on his/her his ability to read and write or ability to read and understand any section of the State or Federal Constitution.

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Reasonable grounds (for making a search, pressing a charge, etc.).

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De jure segregation is separation enforced by law, while de facto segregation occurs when widespread individual preferences, sometimes backed up with private pressure, lead to separation.

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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. Introduction.

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Is a legal rule, based on constitutional law, saying that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is inadmissible for a criminal prosecution in a court of law.

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A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination.

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Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

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The prosecution of a person twice for the same offense.

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Pure speech in United States law is the communication of ideas through spoken or written words or through conduct limited in form to that necessary to convey the idea.