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an exposure system used in some automatic cameras in which the aperture is selected by the user and the appropriate shutter speed is controlled automatically.

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a space through which light passes in an optical or photographic instrument, especially the variable opening by which light enters a camera.

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is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".

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The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). In the case of zoom lenses, both the minimum and maximum focal lengths are stated, for example 18–55 mm.

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Manual mode is one of the main settings on your camera, and it lets you manually control shutter speed, aperture, and ISO

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The "program" in Program mode refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. No matter whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure.

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Belaying your follower (or followers) with an auto-blocking device set up directly on the anchor allows the leader to go almost hands-free while safely bringing the follower up to his stance

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allows the user to choose a specific shutterspeed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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In automatic mode the cameras will make all the decisions for you, including the aperture setting, the shutter speed, white balance and ISO. Nearly all digital cameras have an automatic exposure mode.

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this is where the camera makes a best guess on a shot by shot basis. You’ll find it works in many situations but it’s worth venturing out of it for trickier lighting.

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this mode is usually symbolized with a little bulb and is for shooting indoors, especially under tungsten (incandescent) lighting (such as bulb lighting). It generally cools down the colors in photos.

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this compensates for the ‘cool’ light of fluorescent light and will warm up your shots.

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not all cameras have this setting because it sets things as fairly ‘normal’ white balance settings.

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the flash of a camera can be quite a cool light so in Flash WB mode you’ll find it warms up your shots a touch.

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this setting generally warms things up a touch more than ‘daylight’ mode.

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the light in shade is generally cooler (bluer) than shooting in direct sunlight so this mode will warm things up a little.

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shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph.

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Bulb mode is mostly used for long exposures at night. The main advantage is that it allows the photographer to achieve shutter speeds longer than the 30 seconds (displayed 30″ on the camera) that is allowed on most DSLRs.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still image or a sequence of images such as a movie or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, either due to rapid movement or long exposure.

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A monopod is a single pole that is used to support a camera. A tripod is a three-legged frame that is used to stabilize a camera. Neither should ever be substituted for the other, and any serious photographer will have both a monopod and a tripod.

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Light painting, or light drawing, is a photographic technique in which exposures are made by moving a hand-held light source while taking a long exposure photograph, either to illuminate a subject or to shine a point of light directly at the camera, or by moving the camera itself during exposure.

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The exposure triangle is a common way of associating the three variables that determine the exposure of a photograph: aperture, shutter speed, and ISO. One must balance all three of these to achieve a desired result, an adjustment of one requiring adjustments of at least one of the others.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker. In modes P, S, and A, the camera automatically adjusts settings for optimal exposure, but this may not always produce the exposure the photographer intended.

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In burst mode, several photographs are captured in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down. This is used mainly when the subject is in successive motion, such as sports photography.

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denoting the photographic technique of taking a sequence of frames at set intervals to record changes that take place slowly over time. When the frames are shown at normal speed, or in quick succession, the action seems much faster.

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post-processing (or postproc for short) is used in the video/film business for quality-improvement image processing (specifically digital image processing) methods used in video playback devices, (such as stand-alone DVD-Video players), and video players software and transcoding software.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Camera resolution is measured in megapixels (meaning millions of pixels); both image ﬁle resolution and monitor resolution are measured in either pixels per inch (ppi) or pixel dimensions (such as 1024 by 768 pixels); and printer resolution is measured in dots per inch (dpi) (see below).

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Fisheye lenses are extreme wide angle lenses that render the world in fun and surprising ways. These short focal lengths create panoramic or hemispherical photos. They were originally developed for meteorological purposes but are nowused many types of photography.

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The phenomenon known as camera shake is caused by movement of the camera(hence the name :-)), which becomes noticeable as blur when using a slow shutter speed.

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in motion picture: Camera movement. One of the simplest and most common movements is to turn, or pan (from the word panorama), the camera horizontally so that it sweeps around the scene. It can also be tilted up or down in a vertical panning shot or in a diagonal pan, as when it follows an actor up a stairway.

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a range of gray shades from white to black, as used in a monochrome display or printout.

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a reddish-brown color associated particularly with monochrome photographs of the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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That range of tones which lie between highlights with detail and shadows with detail. * Usually represents the portion of tone reproduction in which gradations change in proportion to change in brightness.

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An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated. 2. An especially significant or interesting detail or event.

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.