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An intensive freshwater fish farming site is generally composed of several open-air concrete tanks, raceways or earth ponds of different sizes and depths suited to the different stages of growth of the fish.

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In the EU 80% of farmed fish consists of; Rainbow Trout (reared in both freshwater and sea) and marine fish the Atlantic Salmon the Gullted Sunbeam and the European Seabass. In Norway Atlantic Salmon and Rainbow Trout represent 98% of the farmed fish production.

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In the EU there are 4 species that make up 80% of farmed fish; rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, gilthead sea bream and European seabass

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Fish cage systems

The production of fish from cages is increasing globally. The technologies are now well developed in Europe, parts of South America (Chile in particular) and China. In SE Asia, cage farming of fish is advancing rapidly, in a wide range of species; the main limitations being the availability and high cost of feeds and shortage of seed. There is already considerable transboundary movement of fish seed and fingerlings in Asia, mainly for live fish markets in Hong Kong and China. Little is known of environmental impacts, although this trade is known to result in some destructive fishing techniques for fish fingerlings.

Each country has its own species, markets and issues that need to be addressed in the development of cage culture, but future expansion of this farming system is expected.

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Farming systems are also diverse for example including:

Water-based systems (cages and pens, inshore/offshore).

Land-based systems (rainfed ponds, irrigated or flow-through systems, tanks and raceways).

Recycling systems (high control enclosed systems, more open pond based recirculation).

Integrated farming systems (e.g. livestock-fish, agriculture and fish dual use aquaculture and irrigation ponds).

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In viatnam pengasius catfish is farmed very intensely and is exported across to eu and the us, in 2010 they produced 1.1 million tonnes and 0.66 of the was exported