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Electric charges can be made to move in a confined path.

Electric devices need electric current or electric charges that flow continuously.

When electric charges are made to flow in a wire, or something that is like a wire, an electric current is made.

Electric current is the constant flow of electric charges through a material.

The number of charges that pass through a wire in a unit of time is the rate of the electric current.

The unit for the rate of current is the ampere but is mostly shortened to amp or A.

The number of amps describes the amount of charge flowing past a given point each second.

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A conductor transfers electric charge well.
An insulator does not transfer electric charge well.

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Metals, such as silver, copper, aluminum, and iron are conductors.

A conductor is a material through which a charge can flow easily.

In a conductor, atoms contain electrons that are bound loosely.

As the electrons flow through the conductor, they form an electric current.

Conductors are used to carry an electric charge.

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You use a metal pan to cook your food. You use the rubber handle to carry the hot pan so you don't burn yourself. 

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You use a metal pan to cook your food. You use the rubber handle to carry the hot pan so you don't burn yourself. 

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Aluminium keeps food warm with its heat. 

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Aluminium keeps food warm with its heat. 

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Resistance is the measure of how difficult it is for charges to flow through a material.
The more resistance there is the less current there is to give voltage.

To measure resistance scientist use a measuring system called ohm (Ω)
This named after a man called Goerg Ohm, a German scientist who was dedicated to investigating resistance

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Insulator = a substance or device which does not readily conduct electricity. 

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Factors that Determine Resistance (Material) 

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Factors that Determine Resistance (Material) 

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In the resistance of the wire there are four different factors that determine the resistance of the wire.  Here are the factors that are listed.

1. Material in which the wire is made
2.Lenght of the wire
3.Diameter of the wire
4. Temperature of the wire

Here is the first one (Material)

Material of the wire matters because if the material is a insulator all the electrons are held tightly held to their atoms. On the other hand if the material is a conductor all the electrons are held loosely to the atom., this allows charges to flow easily through the wire.

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 Factors that determine Resistance (Length)  

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 Factors that determine Resistance (Length)  

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The length of the wires also matters. The longer the wires the more resistance, the shorter it is the less resistance. A example are theses pipes. The water in the pipes creates a resistance. As shown above less water flows out of the narrow and long pipe, this is because it has more resistance. More water comes out of the wide and short pipe because it does not have a lot of resistance. The water in the long pipe slows down because it bumps into parts of the pipe.

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To make an electric current, charges must move continuously from one place to another.

Current requires an electric circuit.  An electric circuit is a complete path through which electric charges can flow.

If an electric circuit is complete, charges will flow continuously, if a circuit is broken, the charges cannot flow.

Electric circuits are all around you, every single electrical device you see contains electric circuits.

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Insulators are used to stop the flow of charges.

A material where charges can't flow through easily.

The electrons in an insulator are bound tightly to their atoms and do not move easily.

Insulators include; rubber, glass, sand, plastic, and wood.

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Cabins are made of wood because they are good at trapping heat.

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Cabins are made of wood because they are good at trapping heat.

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The smallest -diameter pipe with the smaller diameter has less water flowing through it.

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Factors that determine resistance. (Diameter)

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Factors that determine resistance. (Diameter)

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The smallest-diameter pip with the smaller diameter has less water flowing through it. This is because in the small diameter pipe there is less area where the water can flow.

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The wires in the cord carry the electric current. The rubber on the outside protects you form getting shocked.

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The wires in the cord carry the electric current. The rubber on the outside protects you form getting shocked.

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Factors that determine resistance (Temperature)

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Factors that determine resistance (Temperature)

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The electrical resistance of the wire increases with the temperature. When the temperature decreases the resistance does as well.

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If you put weight on a cable and there are two cables the electric currents will go to the other cable without the weight. The electric currents go to the past with least resistance.

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How will the bird affect the electric currents in this wire?

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Grab your charger for your computer or phone and connect the charger into a outlet.  Now plug in your charger into the charging port of your electrical device.  The battery icon on your device should have something to indicate that your device is charging.

This is an example of how electric current works. Your wire is working as an electric circuit for the electrical charges coming from the outlet into your device, allowing for a continuous flow for an electric current.

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Charges in an electric circuit flow because of a difference in potential energy. An energy source like a battery provides potential energy difference for the circuit, and the potential energy is related to the charges inside of the battery.

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The difference between electrical potential energy between two places in a circuit is called voltage, or potential difference.  The unit of measurement of voltage is volt (V).  Voltage causes a current in an electric circuit.  You can think of voltage as the amount of force pushing an electric circuit.

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(V) = Amount of force pushing electric current

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An electric circuit requires a source of energy, like a battery to maintain a voltage.  A voltage source is a device that creates a potential difference in an electric circuit.  An example of voltage source is a battery or generator.  A voltage source has two terminals.  The voltage between the two terminals causes charges to move around the circuit.

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The wire (conductor) carries the electric current from the battery and changes the magnetic field, changing the direction of the needle.

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In the galvanometer the needle points to were the magnetic field is which is North. The wire and the battery disrupted the magnetic field.

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1. Electric current
2. Conductors
3. Insulators
4. Is it a Conductor or Insulator
5. Voltage
6. Resistance
7. Galvanometer