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Catherine II “ the great” ruled Russia from 1762 until 1796 longer than any other female in Russian history. During her time as leader she significantly expanded Russian territory, she westernised Russia and lead Russia into participation of political and cultural life of Europe. However in her time she was also unsuccessful in some things these included dressing the serfs from slavery. When she came into power the empress set out to free serfs. However at the end of her rein millions of Russians remained as slaves. she was a ruthless leader who lacked charity, mercy and human sympathy. Some facts about Catherine II are that she had a stroke on the toilet which led to her death the following day, she wasn’t actually Russian and was actually born in Poland. she also only came into power a coup overthrowing of her husband Tsar Peter III.

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He is father of Nicholas II

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Nicholas II was the last tsar of Russia under Romanov rule. His poor handling of Bloody Sunday and Russia’s role in World War I led to his abdication and execution.

He inherited the throne from Alexander III when he died in 1894. He and his family were executed by the bolsheviks, who lead the revolution against the Russian autocracy.

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He was the emperor of Russia

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Born in May 18 1868 and died in July 17 1918(50 years old)

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Alexander III was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. He was highly reactionary and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II. This policy is known in Russia as "counter-reforms".

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Alexander the second freed the serfs in 1861.

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Death
Despite several assassination attempts Alexander died a natural death on 20th October, 1894. He was succeeded by his son Nicholas II.

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Alexander III was so strong that he tears packs of cards for "entertainment" for his children.

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catherine the 2nd did NOT die going down on a horse (against popular belief) 😳 😳 😳

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Received military education and succeeded his father as tsar

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Alexander II was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination. Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator.

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Executed after The Russian Revolution

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He was assassinated on the 13th of March, 1881.

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Alexander II (Russian: Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, tr. Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ]; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881)[a] was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination.[1]

Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator (Russian: Алекса́ндр Освободи́тель, tr. Aleksándr Osvobodytel, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ɐsvəbɐˈdʲitʲɪlʲ]). The tsar was responsible for other reforms, including reorganizing the judicial system, setting up elected local judges, abolishing corporal punishment,[2] promoting local self-government through the zemstvo system, imposing universal military service, ending some privileges of the nobility, and promoting university education. After an assassination attempt in 1866, Alexander adopted a somewhat more reactionary stance until his death.[3]

Alexander pivoted towards foreign policy and sold Alaska to the United States in 1867, fearing the remote colony would fall into British hands if there were another war.[4] He sought peace, moved away from bellicose France when Napoleon III fell in 1871, and in 1872 joined with Germany and Austria in the League of the Three Emperors that stabilized the European situation. Despite his otherwise pacifist foreign policy, he fought a brief war with the Ottoman Empire in 1877–78, leading to the independence of the Bulgarian, Montenegrin, Romanian and Serbian states, pursued further expansion into Siberia and the Caucasus, and conquered Turkestan, also approving plans leading to the Circassian genocide.[5][6][7][8] Although disappointed by the results of the Congress of Berlin in 1878, Alexander abided by that agreement. Among his greatest domestic challenges was an uprising in Poland in 1863, to which he responded by stripping that land of its separate constitution and incorporating it directly into Russia. Alexander was proposing additional parliamentary reforms to counter the rise of nascent revolutionary and anarchistic movements when he was assassinated in 1881.[9]

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29 April 1818

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1. Her real name was Sophie

2. Catherine assumed power through a coup

3. Voltaire was one of Catherine’s greatest friends (who as a. famous french writer in the 16th century).

4. Britain sought Catherine’s help during the American Revolutionary wars

5. She had many lovers who were rewarded with generous gifts

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He was so afraid of horses that he actually ran away from a horse carriage due to trauma from childhood

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He's wife was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria

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Alexander II had succeeded of taking the throne of the Crimean War, which led to the reveal of Russia's backwardness in the world.

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On his deathbed, Nicholas allegedly expressed the wish that his fiancée, Princess Dagmar of Denmark, should marry Alexander. Alexander's parents encouraged the match. On 2 June 1866, Alexander went to Copenhagen to visit Dagmar. When they were looking at photographs of the deceased Nicholas, Alexander proposed to Dagmar.

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Alexander, the eldest son of Tsar Nicholas I, was born in Moscow on 17th April, 1818. Educated by private tutors, he also had to endure rigorous military training that permanently damaged his health.

In 1841 he married Marie Alexandrovna, the daughter of the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt. Alexander became Tsar of Russia on the death of his father in 1855. At the time Russia was involved in the Crimean War and in 1856 signed the Treaty of Paris that brought the conflict to an end.

The Crimean War made Alexander realise that Russia was no longer a great military power. His advisers argued that Russia's serf-based economy could no longer compete with industrialised nations such as Britain and France.

Alexander now began to consider the possibility of bringing an end to serfdom in Russia. The nobility objected to this move but as Alexander told a group of Moscow nobles: "It is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait for the time when it will begin to abolish itself from below".

In 1861 Alexander issued his Emancipation Manifesto that proposed 17 legislative acts that would free the serfs in Russia. Alexander announced that personal serfdom would be abolished and all peasants would be able to buy land from their landlords. The State would advance the the money to the landlords and would recover it from the peasants in 49 annual sums known as redemption payments.

Alexander also introduced other reforms and in 1864 he allowed each district to set up a Zemstvo. These were local councils with powers to provide roads, schools and medical services. However, the right to elect members was restricted to the wealthy.

Other reforms introduced by Alexander included improved municipal government (1870) and universal military training (1874). He also encouraged the expansion of industry and the railway network.

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Nicholas II along with his family was arrested by the Bolsheviks, who were a radical, far-left revolutionary faction. They killed Nicholas II and his family on the 17th of July, 1918.

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Became a tsar at 16 and was the last Russian tsar

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Nicholas II is a significant figure in modern history, as he provoked the Russian Revolution in 1905. He was also the last ruler of the Romanov Family.

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Forged the Russian-French Alliance, revokes liberties and rules as an autocrat. However, he avoided going into wars.