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Uwiringiyimana, Sandra, and Abigail Pesta. How Dare the Sun Rise : Memoirs of a War Child. Katherine Tegen Books, an Imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, 2017.

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Sandra was born in the mountains located in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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A website where you can look up elevation data by searching address or clicking on a live google map.

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Sandra started school in Kindergarten, she loved it and was considered the smart kid. She went to a private school in Uvira.

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"I was the smart kid, a little nerd. I adored my school uniform and never wanted to take it off." (37)

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Sandra's first memory of being afraid was when there was a big flood. She had to run as fast as she could uphill away from rising water.

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"I ran so fast, it felt like my feet didn't touch the ground." (54)

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Sandra and her family were informed by their uncles that their tribe was under threat. Sandra had to move schools, and stay with family friends for a year in  Burundi. Sandra became best friends with the kids that stayed in the house.

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After a year Sandra and her family moved back home and was able to reconnect with her friends from school.

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Tension toward Sandra's tribe escalated causing them to flee. As they were driving they had been set up and were stopped by a mob of Congolese people who shook their van and stole everything they had. They were able to escape to the border of Congolese to a refugee camp.

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PEOPLE

Congo's population is estimated at 4.04 million, over half of which live in the two major cities of Brazzaville and Pointe- Noire. Rural exoduses since the 20th century and a sparse population have meant that three fourth of the population lives in urban areas, thus making Congo one of Africa's most urbanized countries.

Almost all Congolese are Bantu, a name that refers to the people living in Central, Eastern and Southern Africa. The Bantu originated from Nigeria and Cameroon and migrated to Southern Africa 2,000 years ago. In present day Congo, non-Bantu tribes account for only 3% of the population. The Bantu include 74 peoples belonging to different ethnic groups such as the Kongo, the Teke, the Mbochi and the Sangha.

The Bakongo live in the south from Brazzaville to Pointe-Noire on the Atlantic coast. The Bakongo include the Lari around Brazzaville, the Vili near Pointe-Noire, the Yombe ( Bayombe) in the Mayombe Range, the Babembe, the Basoundi, the Bakamba and of course the Bakongo, after the powerful Kings of Kongo.

The Mbochi, another major ethnic group includes the Mbochi, Kouyou, Makoua, Bonga, Bobangi, Moye, Ngare and Mboko. They live in the north of the Plateaux department and in the Cuvette and Western Cuvette departments around Boundji, Owando, M'Bomo, Etoumbi, M'Bama, Mossaka, Oyo, Makoua and along navigable rivers such as Kouyou, Alima, Sangha and Likouala, that are gifted with well stocked fish. The Mbochi raise poultry, sheep and goats and catch fish in the rivers. They are also famous for being farmers and grow coffee, cocoa, tobacco and rice.

There are probably 30,000 Pygmies in Congo. Most live in the deep forests of the north (the Sangha and Likouala regions) and west ( the Chaillu Range). They live in small family units and practice mainly hunting to secure their livelihoods.

LANGUAGE

French is the official language of the Republic of Congo. However, native tongues such as Lingala and Munukutuba rank just behind French as national languages.

RELIGION

Though Christianity is widespread in the Republic of Congo, traditional religions are still alive and quite widespread. Traditional religions are practiced by 2.2% of the Congolese population. These traditional religions believe in a main creator of all things- a supreme God and who is accessible to human beings after death. Traditional religions also account for a wide array of intermediaries such as spirits or ancestors, who are worshiped to obtain advice, healing, and good harvests.

Christianity is well established in the Republic of Congo. Around 50% of the Congolese population is Catholic while 40% of the population is Protestant. In the 1980's, countless other Christian factions emerged and have been allowed to operate freely. Many Catholic institutions such as the Seminary of Brazzaville , scout troops and sports organizations have been sponsored by the Archdiocese of Brazzaville. Pope John Paul II made an official visit to the Republic of Congo in May 1980. The Saint Anne Basilica situated in the center of Brazzaville exudes the beauty of the Catholic culture in the midst of a multi faith society.

In more recent times, several charismatic Christian preachers have drawn inspiration from televangelists such as Joyce Meyer, Binny Hinn and Paula White and have successfully established their ministries. Congolese charismatic pastor, Yvan Castanou, has been a prominent figure behind the Christian Evangelical movement in Congo. Many Congolese preachers have established TV stations and radio programs that air daily and discuss various religious topics. Charismatic evangelical preachers have also become famous for the quality of their Gospel music in local language. This Gospel music has become an integrated aspect of the Congolese entertainment scene.

While Christianity is the main religion in the Republic of Congo, Islam also holds a seat in the religious portfolio of the country with 1.3% of the population identifying themselves as Muslims. Most of the Muslims living in the Republic of Congo are descendants of West African immigrants. It is common to see mosques in major cities of the Republic of Congo where Muslims can worship freely.

FOOD

Congolese cuisine is one of the most diversified in Central Africa. Combining a mixture of fresh vegetables, poultry, bush meat and sea food, the cuisine is famous for being nutritious and healthy. Some of the most famous recipes include:

Maboké Fish Stew (Cat Fish): wrapped in marantaceae leaves cooked with green vegetables seasoned with piment (pepper). Maboké can be eaten with fufu or kwanga which are derived from cassava tuber or plantain (either fried or boiled). Fufu, Kwanga and Plaintains are often referred to as "the daily Congolese bread," in popular culture.

Saka Saka or Pondu: It is the national dish made up ground cassava leaves, palm oil, smoked fished and peanut butter. It could be eaten with bush meat or smoked fish. Plaintains, fufu and kwanga may also be eaten with Saka Saka.

Moambe Chicken ( mossaka): Roasted chicken cooked in a thick sauce made from palm nuts extract.

Moukalou: fish broth accompanied by coconut juice and peanut butter

In terms of cuisine, the Republic of Congo is also known for its Nganda restaurants. A Nganda restaurant is a place of entertainment that can be defined as a middle ground between a bar and a formal restaurant. It is reputed for serving food from different geographical regions of the Republic of Congo and is often geared to welcome different social classes such as artists, laborers, government officials, civil servants, students, and young professionals. In Nganda restaurants, people discuss entertainment, politics, culture, touristic adventures and family matters. It also showcases the ability of the Congolese society to intermingle with different social classes.

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Embassy of the Republic of Congo in Washington DC > About Congo > People & Culture > People

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Congo's population is estimated at 4.04 million, over half of which live in the two major cities of Brazzaville and Pointe- Noire. Rural exoduses since the 20th century and a sparse population have meant that three fourth of the population lives in urban areas, thus making Congo one of Africa's most urbanized countries.

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Sandra and her family stayed in tents at a refugee camp that was controlled by the United Nations. One summer evening, the camp had been under attack. Sandra thought her life was over when a gun was held to her head. Just before this, she had witnessed her mother's and little sister's death from a fire gun.

Quote 3
"I felt the metal barrel on my temple. I waited for the blast. In that moment, I thought it was all over. 'Goodbye, life,' I said." (11)

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How Dare the Sun Rise  | Sandra Uwiringiyimana | TEDxSUNYGeneseo

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Sandra was able to escape and she found her mother still alive but her sister passed away. There were other remaining family members that survived too, which Sandra found.

Quote 4
"She was standing by herself, wrapped in a sheet, and very alone. she looked as if her world had ended. I had never seen my mom look like that, not even my uncle Rumenge had died years earlier." (77)

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A high-school student in New York, Sandra Uwiringiy'imana, endured a night of hell when she was a child-a bloody massacre on her tribe in Africa. Many of her fellow survivors are scattered around the U.S., thanks to a U.N. refugee program. Now, every year on the anniversary of the attack, the survivors meet. At these gatherings, Sandra and her brother Alex Ngabo take their portraits. Here is a selection of their photos.

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A high-school student in New York, Sandra Uwiringiy'imana, endured a night of hell when she was a child-a bloody massacre on her tribe in Africa. Many of her fellow survivors are scattered around the U.S., thanks to a U.N. refugee program. Now, every year on the anniversary of the attack, the survivors meet.

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After the attack , just before they resettle in the U.S. Sandra wakes in the home of a relative. She does not remember how she got there.

Quote 5
"I don't remember how I got there. I was like a zombie." (88)

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Sandra started to have trouble sleeping after the attack. She would wake up in the middle of the night uncontrollably shaking and would wake the house from crying. Her family would try and make her feel better but she did not feel safe.

Quote 6
"My family thought I was going to die. They would cry, and I would cry. They tried to reassure me that I was safe. But I never felt safe. " (90)

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Sandras parents thought it would help make her feel better if they escape from their hovel and visit a cousin that lives a few hours away. She ended up visiting them and their family welcomed her.

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Sandra was told to stay while her cousin Ganza goes out to the market. Sandra did not understand why Ganza's father wanted her to stay. As soon as Ganza left Sandra was sexually assaulted by Ganza's father. Sandra tried telling her when she came back but she did not believe her. Sandra felt embarrassed and ashamed.

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After a long while of not being able to go to school, Sandra was finally able to go back. She was excited and eager.

Quote 7
"I need to go to school. I miss school" (105)

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Sandra and her family had signed up for a resettlement program for people who survived the massacre at the camp. They had to get interviewed and answer personal questions. They finally got the news that their application had been accepted to have a new opportunity in America.

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Sandra and her family had to wait for their departure date. She was staying with family in Burundi, not going to school, and helping babysit kids in the family until they got to move.

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Finally the time came where Sandra and her family had to pack their suitcases to move to America , to a city in New York. It was Sandra's first time being on a plane.

Quote 8
"The airplane was huge, the biggest thing I had ever been inside of that was not a house. As my family boarded the enormous vessel, I had many burning questions for my parents." (114)

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Rochester, industrial city, seat (1821) of Monroe county, northwestern New York, U.S. It is a St. Lawrence Seaway port on the Genesee River at its outlet into Lake Ontario, 71 miles (114 km) east-northeast of Buffalo. It is the centre of a metropolitan area that includes Greece, Irondequoit, Perinton, Henrietta, and Brighton (the largest towns [townships]); these, together with Gates, Chili, Pittsford, Penfield, and Webster, are mainly residential, although some have industrial parks.

Rochester Brian Stiehler

Settlement was made in 1789 at the falls of the Genesee, which powered a grist-mill built by Ebenezer Allen on a 100-acre (40-hectare) tract granted on condition that he would serve the needs of the Seneca Indians. The venture was a failure, and Allen's land was sold to Colonel Nathaniel Rochester, Colonel William Fitzhugh, and Major Charles Carroll (all from Maryland). Rochester offered lots for sale in 1811, and in 1817 the village was incorporated as Rochesterville (shortened in 1822); it was incorporated as a city in 1834. The Erie Canal (1825) and the city's abundant waterpower and railway linkages (1839) made it, by the 1850s, one of the early boom towns of the "West" (population 10,000) with a prosperous flour-milling industry based on the wheat production of the Genesee River valley. The clothing and shoe industries, initiated in the 1860s, were stimulated by demands of the American Civil War, and mass production methods were rapidly developed. After its flour millers moved west to Minnesota, the city turned to nursery enterprises and became a pioneer in the mail-order sale of seeds and shrubs.

During the 1890s, industrialists such as George Eastman, John Jacob Bausch, and Henry Lomb developed photographic, optical, and precision equipment. Photocopy machines and other products including auto parts, machine tools, electrical equipment, clothing, plastics, and processed foods now augment the economy. Rochester is also the processing, distribution, and shipping point for the surrounding fertile truck- and fruit-farming belt. In 1916 the city was extended in a strip along both banks of the Genesee to Lake Ontario, and in 1931 the port of Rochester was developed to handle Great Lakes and ocean shipping.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

The city was the home of Margaret and Kate Fox, spiritualists who attracted world attention in the 1840s with a series of seances known as the Rochester rappings. In 1847 Frederick Douglass, the black abolitionist, published his antislavery paper ( North Star) there. Rochester was also a terminus for the Underground Railroad (escape route for runaway slaves). Susan B. Anthony, the early woman suffragist, lived there from 1866 to 1906; her house is preserved, and she is buried in the city's Mount Hope Cemetery.

The city is the seat of the University of Rochester (founded in 1850, which includes the Eastman School of Music), the Rochester Institute of Technology (1829), and Roberts Wesleyan (1866), Nazareth (1924), and St. John Fisher (1948) colleges. The Monroe Community College of the State University of New York system was founded in 1961. The Colgate-Rochester Divinity School was founded in 1850 as the Rochester Theological Seminary. Cultural institutions include a symphony orchestra, an art gallery (University of Rochester), a planetarium, and the International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House. The city's parks, including Highland, Maplewood, and Genesee Valley, are noted for horticultural displays, and the Lilac Festival is a well-known annual (May) event. Pop. (2000) 219,773; Rochester Metro Area, 1,037,831; (2010) 210,565; Rochester Metro Area, 1,054,323.

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Rochester, industrial city, seat (1821) of Monroe county, northwestern New York, U.S. It is a St. Lawrence Seaway port on the Genesee River at its outlet into Lake Ontario, 71 miles (114 km) east-northeast of Buffalo. It is the centre of a metropolitan area that includes Greece, Irondequoit,

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After a couple weeks in New York, Sandra was sent to start middle school. Sandra did not speak English and was anxious. Her first day did not go well because it was different then what she already had.

Quote 9
"My first day of school was the worst. I didn't know what to wear because I had always worn uniforms to school back home" (130)

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Sandra was sitting alone at lunch and a boy named Abdul approached her. He was able to speak to her in French. They had an instant friendship.

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One afternoon, Sandra and her brother took a kayak out to their pastors lake house. Sandra had went to far and could not control the kayak. The water was to deep for her to swim back so she started crying. Their pastor sent people out in a speedboat to take her back to shore.

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8 years after the resettlement, Sandra got an invitation to the White House Correspondents' Dinner. She also was able to meet the President Obama and the First lady.

Quote 10
"I turned to her and gushed, 'Mrs. Oboma, you're such an amazing woman. Thank you for standing up for women." (261)

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One of the most ambitious refugee resettlement efforts out of Africa is taking place right now. The United Nations refugee agency is aiming to find homes for at least 50,000 Congolese refugees over the next few years. They will be taken in by countries around the world, but primarily by the U.S.

This effort comes at a time when the number of refugees and internally displaced people worldwide has passed 50 million - the most since World War II. The majority of those who are displaced are in just five countries: Iraq, South Sudan, Syria, Nigeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Sandra Uwiringiyimana is a 20-year-old refugee from Congo. She arrived in the U.S. eight years ago, after surviving a massacre at the U.N.'s Gatumba Refugee Camp in Burundi in 2004. s Robin Young talks with Uwiringiyimana about her experience.

She also speaks with Sasha Chanoff, who put together the rescue proposal for survivors of that massacre that paved the way for Uwiringiyimana and her family to come to the U.S. Sasha is the co-founder and executive director of RefugePoint, an organization that works to protect the most vulnerable refugees.

Sandra Uwiringiyimana, 20-year-old refugee from Congo who arrived in the U.S. eight years ago.

Sasha Chanoff, co-founder and executive director of RefugePoint, an organization that works to protect the most vulnerable refugees.

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U.N., U.S. Resettling 50,000 Congolese Refugees

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One of the most ambitious refugee resettlement efforts out of Africa is taking place right now. The United Nations refugee agency is aiming to find homes for at least 50,000 Congolese refugees over the next few years. They will be taken in by countries around the world, but primarily by the U.S.